JEE Physics Magnetism And Matter MCQs Set 35

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Magnetism and Matter

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Magnetism and Matter below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official JEE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The coercivity of a small magnet where the ferromagnet gets demagnetised is 3 × 10³ A/m. The current required in a solenoid of length 10 cm and 100 turns so that the magnet gets demagnetised when inside the solenoid is
(a) 30 mA
(b) 3 A
(c) 6 A
(d) 60 mA
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3 A

Explanation:
1. H = nI with n = 100/0.1 = 1000 turns/m.
2. I = 3 × 10³/1000 = 3 A.

Teacher's Note:
1. H = nI.

Question 2: Let r be the distance of a point on the axis of a bar magnet from its centre (r much larger than the length). The magnetic field at such a point is proportional to
(a) \( \frac1r \)
(b) \( \frac1{r^2} \)
(c) \( \frac1{r^3} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac1{r^3} \)

Explanation:
1. For a short dipole the field varies as 1/r³.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 3: The hysteresis curve is generally studied for
(a) ferromagnetic materials
(b) paramagnetic materials
(c) diamagnetic materials
(d) all of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ferromagnetic materials

Explanation:
1. Hysteresis is a property of ferromagnetic materials.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 4: A domain is a region in which all the atoms have their magnetic moments
(a) parallel
(b) antiparallel
(c) randomly oriented
(d) perpendicular to one another
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) parallel

Explanation:
1. Within a domain the atomic moments are aligned parallel.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 5: The magnetic moment of the atoms of diamagnetic substances is
(a) equal to zero
(b) less than zero
(c) greater than 1
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) equal to zero

Explanation:
1. Diamagnetic atoms have no net permanent moment because the orbital and spin moments cancel.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 6: A dip circle is taken to the geomagnetic equator. The needle is allowed to move in a vertical plane perpendicular to the magnetic meridian. The needle will stay in
(a) the horizontal direction only
(b) the vertical direction only
(c) any direction except vertical and horizontal
(d) any direction in which it is released
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) any direction in which it is released

Explanation:
1. In a plane perpendicular to the meridian the earth's field has no component, so no torque acts and the needle stays wherever it is released.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 7: At a certain place the angle of dip is 30 degrees and the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field is 0.50 oersted. The earth's total magnetic field (in oersted) is
(a) \( \sqrt3 \)
(b) 1
(c) \( \frac1{\sqrt3} \)
(d) \( \frac12 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac1{\sqrt3} \)

Explanation:
1. B = B_H/cos δ = 0.5/(√3/2) = 1/√3.

Teacher's Note:
1. B_H = B cos δ.

Question 8: The susceptibility of a certain material is 400. The class of the material is
(a) diamagnetic
(b) paramagnetic
(c) ferromagnetic
(d) ferroelectric
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ferromagnetic

Explanation:
1. Only ferromagnetic materials have such a large positive susceptibility.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 9: Ferromagnetism arises due to
(a) vacant inner shells of an atom
(b) filled inner sub-shells of an atom
(c) partially filled inner sub-shells
(d) a large number of electrons in the valence orbit
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) partially filled inner sub-shells

Explanation:
1. Unpaired electrons in partially filled inner sub-shells give permanent atomic moments that align in domains.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 10: The ratio of the magnetic fields due to a small bar magnet at the same distance in the end-on position and in the broadside position is
(a) 1/4
(b) 1/2
(c) 1
(d) 2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 2

Explanation:
1. B_axial = (μ₀/4π) 2M/r³ and B_equatorial = (μ₀/4π) M/r³.
2. The ratio is 2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 11: A bar magnet has coercivity 4 × 10³ A/m. It is to be demagnetised by inserting it inside a solenoid 12 cm long having 60 turns. The current to be sent through the solenoid is
(a) 2 A
(b) 4 A
(c) 6 A
(d) 8 A
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 8 A

Explanation:
1. n = 60/0.12 = 500 turns/m.
2. I = H/n = 4 × 10³/500 = 8 A.

Teacher's Note:
1. H = nI.

Question 12: The materials suitable for making electromagnets should have
(a) high retentivity and low coercivity
(b) low retentivity and low coercivity
(c) high retentivity and high coercivity
(d) low retentivity and high coercivity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) low retentivity and low coercivity

Explanation:
1. An electromagnet must magnetise and demagnetise easily, so retentivity and coercivity should both be low.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 13: Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Diamagnetic - gadolinium
(b) Soft ferromagnetic - alnico
(c) Hard ferromagnetic - copper
(d) Paramagnetic - sodium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Paramagnetic - sodium

Explanation:
1. Sodium is paramagnetic.
2. Gadolinium is ferromagnetic below about 20° C, alnico is a hard magnet and copper is diamagnetic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 14: The susceptibility of a ferromagnetic substance is
(a) much greater than 1
(b) less than 1
(c) zero
(d) equal to 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) much greater than 1

Explanation:
1. For ferromagnetic materials χ is large and positive, in the range of hundreds to thousands.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 15: On applying an external magnetic field to a ferromagnetic substance, its domains
(a) align in the direction of the magnetic field
(b) align in the direction opposite to the field
(c) remain undeflected
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) align in the direction of the magnetic field

Explanation:
1. Domains aligned along the field grow and the others rotate to align with it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 16: Match the columns for a short dipole of moment M.
Column IColumn II
(A) Axial field(1) -M.B
(B) Equatorial field(2) M x B
(C) Torque in an external field(3) (μ₀/4π) 2M/r³
(D) Energy in an external field(4) -(μ₀/4π) M/r³

(a) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
(b) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
(d) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

Explanation:
1. The axial field is (μ₀/4π) 2M/r³ (A-3).
2. The equatorial field is directed opposite to M with magnitude (μ₀/4π) M/r³ (B-4).
3. Torque = M x B (C-2).
4. U = -M.B (D-1).

Teacher's Note:
1. Standard dipole results.

Question 17: Which of the following is paramagnetic?
(a) gold
(b) water
(c) nickel
(d) aluminium
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) aluminium

Explanation:
1. Aluminium is paramagnetic. Gold and water are diamagnetic and nickel is ferromagnetic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 18: The magnetic moment of a magnet is 0.1 A m². It is suspended in a magnetic field of intensity 3 × 10⁻⁴ Wb/m². The couple acting on it when deflected by 30 degrees from the field is
(a) \( 1\times10^{-5}\ \text{N m} \)
(b) \( 1.5\times10^{-5}\ \text{N m} \)
(c) \( 2\times10^{-5}\ \text{N m} \)
(d) \( 2.5\times10^{-5}\ \text{N m} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 1.5\times10^{-5}\ \text{N m} \)

Explanation:
1. τ = MB sin θ = 0.1 × 3 × 10⁻⁴ × 0.5 = 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ N m.

Teacher's Note:
1. τ = MB sin θ.

Question 19: Which of the following is the most suitable material for making a permanent magnet?
(a) steel
(b) soft iron
(c) copper
(d) nickel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) steel

Explanation:
1. Steel has high retentivity and high coercivity. Soft iron loses its magnetism easily and copper is not ferromagnetic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 20: A material is placed in a magnetic field and is thrown out of it. The material is
(a) paramagnetic
(b) diamagnetic
(c) ferromagnetic
(d) non-magnetic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) diamagnetic

Explanation:
1. Diamagnetic materials are repelled towards the region of weaker field.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 21: The earth's total field is B_E and the dip angle is θ. Match the columns.
Column IColumn II
(A) Horizontal component(1) B_E sin θ
(B) Vertical component(2) B_V/B_H
(C) tan θ(3) B_E cos θ
(D) Tangent law(4) B = B_H tan θ

(a) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
(b) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(c) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

Explanation:
1. B_H = B_E cos θ (A-3).
2. B_V = B_E sin θ (B-1).
3. tan θ = B_V/B_H (C-2).
4. The tangent law is B = B_H tan θ (D-4).

Teacher's Note:
1. H = B cos(dip), V = B sin(dip).

Question 22: The magnetic permeability is maximum for
(a) a diamagnetic substance
(b) a paramagnetic substance
(c) a ferromagnetic substance
(d) all of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a ferromagnetic substance

Explanation:
1. Ferromagnetic materials have the largest permeability.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 23: Hysteresis is the phenomenon of lagging of
(a) I behind B
(b) B behind I
(c) I and B behind H
(d) H behind I
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) I and B behind H

Explanation:
1. Both the induction B and the magnetisation I lag behind the magnetising field H.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 24: One can define ____ A ____ of a place as the vertical plane which passes through the imaginary line joining the magnetic north and south poles. A refers to
(a) geographic meridian
(b) magnetic meridian
(c) magnetic declination
(d) magnetic inclination
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) magnetic meridian

Explanation:
1. That is the definition of the magnetic meridian.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

Question 25: When a piece of a ferromagnetic substance is put in a uniform magnetic field, the flux density inside the piece is four times the flux density away from the piece. The magnetic permeability (relative) of the material is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4

Explanation:
1. μr = B_inside/B_outside = 4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Know the basic fact.

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