JEE Mathematics Logarithms MCQs Set 01

Mathematics Objective Questions and Answers: Logarithms

Review structured MCQ sets for JEE Mathematics Logarithms. Built according to official JEE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Download Logarithms MCQs with Answers

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: If \( \log_4 5=a \) and \( \log_5 6=b \), then \( \log_3 2 \) is equal to
(a) \( \frac{1}{2a+1} \)
(b) \( \frac{1}{2b+1} \)
(c) \( 2ab+1 \)
(d) \( \frac{1}{2ab-1} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{1}{2ab-1} \)

Explanation:
1. \( ab=\log_4 5\cdot\log_5 6=\log_4 6=\frac{\log 2+\log 3}{2\log 2} \).
2. So \( 2ab-1=\frac{\log 3}{\log 2}=\log_2 3 \).
3. Hence \( \log_3 2=\frac{1}{2ab-1} \).

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Question 2: If \( \log_{ax}x,\ \log_{bx}x,\ \log_{cx}x \) are in H.P., where \( a,b,c,x\in(1,\infty) \), then a, b, c are in
(a) A.P.
(b) G.P.
(c) H.P.
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) G.P.

Explanation:
1. Reciprocals are in A.P.: \( \log_x(ax),\ \log_x(bx),\ \log_x(cx) \), that is \( 1+\log_x a,\ 1+\log_x b,\ 1+\log_x c \).
2. So \( \log_x a,\ \log_x b,\ \log_x c \) are in A.P.
3. Hence a, b, c are in G.P.

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Question 3: If \( \log_5 a\cdot\log_a x=2 \), then x is equal to
(a) 125
(b) \( a^2 \)
(c) 25
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 25

Explanation:
1. Using the chain rule \( \log_5 a\cdot\log_a x=\log_5 x=2 \).
2. So \( x=5^2=25 \).

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Question 4: The value of \( 3\log\frac{81}{80}+5\log\frac{25}{24}+7\log\frac{16}{15} \) is
(a) \( \log 2 \)
(b) \( \log 3 \)
(c) 1
(d) 0
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \log 2 \)

Explanation:
1. Write in primes: \( 3(4\log3-4\log2-\log5)+5(2\log5-3\log2-\log3)+7(4\log2-\log3-\log5) \).
2. Coefficient of log 3: 12 − 5 − 7 = 0. Coefficient of log 5: −3 + 10 − 7 = 0. Coefficient of log 2: −12 − 15 + 28 = 1.
3. The value is log 2.

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Question 5: Let \( f(x)=\sqrt{\log_{10}x^2} \). The set of all values of x for which f(x) is real is
(a) [−1, 1]
(b) [1, +∞)
(c) (−∞, −1]
(d) (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, +∞)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, +∞)

Explanation:
1. We need \( x\neq0 \) and \( \log_{10}x^2\ge0 \).
2. That gives \( x^2\ge1 \), i.e. x ≤ −1 or x ≥ 1.

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Question 6: If \( a_1,a_2,a_3,\dots \) are positive numbers in G.P., then \( \log a_n,\ \log a_{n+1},\ \log a_{n+2} \) are in
(a) A.P.
(b) G.P.
(c) H.P.
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A.P.

Explanation:
1. Let the common ratio be r, so \( a_{n+1}=a_nr \) and \( a_{n+2}=a_nr^2 \).
2. The logs are \( \log a_n,\ \log a_n+\log r,\ \log a_n+2\log r \), a constant difference log r.
3. So they are in A.P.

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Question 7: If \( x=\log_a(bc),\ y=\log_b(ca),\ z=\log_c(ab) \), then which of the following is equal to 1?
(a) \( x+y+z \)
(b) \( (1+x)^{-1}+(1+y)^{-1}+(1+z)^{-1} \)
(c) \( xyz \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( (1+x)^{-1}+(1+y)^{-1}+(1+z)^{-1} \)

Explanation:
1. \( 1+x=\log_a a+\log_a bc=\log_a(abc) \), so \( (1+x)^{-1}=\log_{abc}a \).
2. Similarly the other two are \( \log_{abc}b \) and \( \log_{abc}c \).
3. Their sum is \( \log_{abc}(abc)=1 \).

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Question 8: The number of zeros coming immediately after the decimal point in the value of \( (0.2)^{25} \) is (given \( \log_{10}2=0.30103 \))
(a) 16
(b) 17
(c) 18
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 17

Explanation:
1. \( \log_{10}(0.2)^{25}=25(0.30103-1)=-17.47425 \).
2. So the number is \( 10^{-17.47425}=10^{-18}\times10^{0.52575}\approx3.4\times10^{-18} \).
3. There are 17 zeros after the decimal point before the digit 3.

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Question 9: If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then \( [\log_{10}6730.4] \) has the value
(a) 6
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) none of these

Explanation:
1. Since \( 10^3<6730.4<10^4 \), \( \log_{10}6730.4\approx3.83 \).
2. So the greatest integer part is 3, which is not among a, b, c.

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Question 10: The number of real values of the parameter k for which \( (\log_{16}x)^2-\log_{16}k=0 \) has exactly one solution is
(a) 2
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1

Explanation:
1. We need \( k>0 \). The equation is \( (\log_{16}x)^2=\log_{16}k \).
2. If \( \log_{16}k>0 \) there are two values of x; if it is negative there is none.
3. Exactly one solution needs \( \log_{16}k=0 \), i.e. k = 1 (then x = 1).

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Question 11: If \( \log_{0.5}\sin x=1-\log_{0.5}\cos x \), then the number of solutions of x in \( [-2\pi,2\pi] \) is
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2

Explanation:
1. Combine: \( \log_{0.5}(\sin x\cos x)=1 \), so \( \sin x\cos x=\frac12 \), i.e. \( \sin2x=1 \).
2. Both sin x and cos x must be positive, so \( x=2n\pi+\frac\pi4 \).
3. In \( [-2\pi,2\pi] \) these are \( \frac\pi4 \) and \( \frac\pi4-2\pi \), giving 2 solutions.

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Question 12: If \( \log_{\cos x}\tan x+\log_{\sin x}\cot x=0 \), then the most general solution of x is
(a) \( n\pi+\frac\pi4,\ n\in Z \)
(b) \( 2n\pi+\frac\pi4,\ n\in Z \)
(c) \( 2n\pi-\frac{3\pi}{4},\ n\in Z \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 2n\pi+\frac\pi4,\ n\in Z \)

Explanation:
1. Write as \( \log\tan x\left(\frac{1}{\log\cos x}-\frac{1}{\log\sin x}\right)=0 \), using \( \log\cot x=-\log\tan x \).
2. Either \( \tan x=1 \) or \( \sin x=\cos x \); both give tan x = 1.
3. For the bases to be valid sin x, cos x must be positive, so only \( x=2n\pi+\frac\pi4 \).

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Question 13: The value of \( \sum_{r=1}^{89}\log_{10}\tan\frac{\pi r}{180} \) is equal to
(a) 10
(b) 1
(c) 0
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 0

Explanation:
1. The terms are \( \log_{10}\tan1^\circ+\dots+\log_{10}\tan89^\circ \).
2. Pair r with 90 − r: \( \log\tan r^\circ+\log\cot r^\circ=\log1=0 \).
3. The middle term \( \log\tan45^\circ=0 \), so the sum is 0.

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Question 14: The solution set of \( \log_2|4-5x|>2 \) is
(a) \( \left(\frac85,+\infty\right) \)
(b) \( \left(\frac45,\frac85\right) \)
(c) \( (-\infty,0)\cup\left(\frac85,+\infty\right) \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( (-\infty,0)\cup\left(\frac85,+\infty\right) \)

Explanation:
1. The base is greater than 1, so \( |4-5x|>4 \).
2. Either \( 4-5x>4 \) giving x < 0, or \( 4-5x<-4 \) giving \( x>\frac85 \).

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Question 15: The set of real values of x for which \( \log_{0.2}\frac{x+2}{x}\le1 \) is
(a) \( \left(-\infty,-\frac52\right]\cup(0,\infty) \)
(b) \( \left[\frac52,\infty\right) \)
(c) \( (-\infty,-2)\cup(0,+\infty) \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \left(-\infty,-\frac52\right]\cup(0,\infty) \)

Explanation:
1. Domain: \( \frac{x+2}{x}>0 \) gives x < −2 or x > 0.
2. Base 0.2 is less than 1, so the inequality reverses: \( \frac{x+2}{x}\ge0.2 \), i.e. \( \frac{4x+10}{5x}\ge0 \), giving \( x\le-\frac52 \) or x > 0.
3. Intersection with the domain: \( (-\infty,-\tfrac52]\cup(0,\infty) \).

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Question 16: If \( \log_{0.04}(x-1)\ge\log_{0.2}(x-1) \), then x belongs to the interval
(a) (1, 2]
(b) (−∞, 2]
(c) [2, +∞)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) [2, +∞)

Explanation:
1. Domain: x > 1. Let \( L=\log_{0.2}(x-1) \).
2. Since \( 0.04=0.2^2 \), \( \log_{0.04}(x-1)=\frac L2 \).
3. So \( \frac L2\ge L \) gives \( L\le0 \).
4. As the base 0.2 < 1, \( L\le0 \) means \( x-1\ge1 \), i.e. x ≥ 2.

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Question 17: If \( \log_{\cos x}\sin x\ge2 \) and \( 0\le x\le3\pi \), then sin x lies in the interval
(a) \( \left[\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2},1\right] \)
(b) \( \left(0,\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}\right] \)
(c) \( \left(0,\frac12\right] \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \left(0,\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2}\right] \)

Explanation:
1. We need \( 0<\cos x<1 \) and \( \sin x>0 \).
2. Since the base is below 1, the inequality reverses: \( \sin x\le\cos^2x=1-\sin^2x \).
3. So \( s^2+s-1\le0 \) with \( s=\sin x>0 \), giving \( 0<s\le\frac{\sqrt5-1}{2} \).

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Question 18: If \( \log_{\sqrt3}(\sin x+2\sqrt2\cos x)\ge2 \) and \( -2\pi\le x\le2\pi \), then the number of solutions of x is
(a) 0
(b) infinite
(c) 3
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) none of these

Explanation:
1. The inequality means \( \sin x+2\sqrt2\cos x\ge3 \).
2. The maximum of the left side is \( \sqrt{1+8}=3 \), so equality must hold.
3. This happens once in every period, hence exactly 2 values of x in \( [-2\pi,2\pi] \), which is none of the listed options.

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Question 19: If \( \log_k x\cdot\log_5 k=\log_x5 \), with \( k\ne1,\ k>0 \), which of the following gives all possible values of x?
(a) x = k only
(b) x = 1/5 only
(c) x = 5 or x = 1/5
(d) no value of x
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) x = 5 or x = 1/5

Explanation:
1. Left side \( =\log_5x \) by the chain rule.
2. So \( \log_5x=\frac{1}{\log_5x} \), giving \( (\log_5x)^2=1 \).
3. Hence \( \log_5x=\pm1 \), i.e. x = 5 or x = 1/5.

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Question 20: If \( \log_{1/\sqrt2}\sin x>0 \) and \( x\in[0,4\pi] \), the number of values of x which are integral multiples of \( \frac\pi4 \) is
(a) 6
(b) 12
(c) 3
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) none of these

Explanation:
1. Base is below 1, so the condition is \( 0<\sin x<1 \).
2. Multiples \( \frac{k\pi}4 \) with k = 0 to 16: sin x lies in (0, 1) for k = 1, 3, 9, 11 only.
3. k = 2 and k = 10 give sin x = 1, which is excluded. So the count is 4, which is not among a, b, c.

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