Chemistry Objective Questions and Answers: General Principles and Processes Of Isolation Of Elements
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) Ca
(b) Au
(c) Zn
(d) Al
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Au
Explanation:
1. Gold is very unreactive, so it occurs free in nature. Ca, Zn and Al are reactive and occur as compounds.
Teacher's Note:
1. Noble metals occur native.
(a) Cu
(b) Zn
(c) Ag
(d) Fe
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Zn
Explanation:
1. Zinc is highly electropositive and reacts with air and moisture, so it occurs only as compounds. Copper, silver and iron (meteorites) can occur native.
Teacher's Note:
1. Native state means free state.
(a) Au
(b) Mg
(c) Al
(d) Zn
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Au
Explanation:
1. Gold has a very high ionisation energy and a very positive reduction potential, so it is the least electropositive.
Teacher's Note:
1. Gold is the least reactive of these.
(a) Haematite
(b) Magnetite
(c) Siderite
(d) Limonite
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Magnetite
Explanation:
1. Magnetite, \( \ce{Fe3O4} \), is attracted by a magnet.
Teacher's Note:
1. Haematite is \( \ce{Fe2O3} \).
(a) \( \ce{ZnS} \)
(b) \( \ce{FeCO3} \)
(c) \( \ce{ZnCO3} \)
(d) \( \ce{Cu2S} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) \( \ce{ZnCO3} \)
Explanation:
1. Calamine is zinc carbonate. Zinc blende is \( \ce{ZnS} \), siderite is \( \ce{FeCO3} \) and chalcocite is \( \ce{Cu2S} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. Learn common ores with formulas.
(a) Alunite
(b) Bauxite
(c) Cryolite
(d) Feldspar
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Bauxite
Explanation:
1. Bauxite, \( \ce{Al2O3.2H2O} \), is the commercial source of aluminium.
Teacher's Note:
1. Cryolite is used as a flux in electrolysis.
(a) Anhydrite
(b) Bauxite
(c) Corundum
(d) Diaspore
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Anhydrite
Explanation:
1. Anhydrite is \( \ce{CaSO4} \). Bauxite, corundum (\( \ce{Al2O3} \)) and diaspore (\( \ce{Al2O3.H2O} \)) contain aluminium.
Teacher's Note:
1. Anhydrite is calcium sulphate.
(a) Zn
(b) Cr
(c) Ag
(d) Fe
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Cr
Explanation:
1. Chromium occurs as chromite, \( \ce{FeO.Cr2O3} \), an oxide ore. Zinc (ZnS), silver (\( \ce{Ag2S} \)) and iron (\( \ce{FeS2} \)) have sulphide ores.
Teacher's Note:
1. Chromite is an oxide ore.
(a) Iron
(b) Selenium
(c) Manganese
(d) Magnesium
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Manganese
Explanation:
1. Pyrolusite is \( \ce{MnO2} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. Pyrolusite is manganese dioxide.
(a) Silver
(b) Mercury
(c) Magnesium
(d) Copper
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Copper
Explanation:
1. Malachite is basic copper carbonate, \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. It is green in colour.
(a) \( \ce{CuCO3.CuO} \)
(b) \( \ce{Cu(HCO3)2.Cu(OH)2} \)
(c) \( \ce{2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \)
(d) \( \ce{CuCO3.2Cu(OH)2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) \( \ce{2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \)
Explanation:
1. Azurite is a blue basic carbonate, \( \ce{2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \). Malachite is \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. Azurite has two carbonate units.
(a) Haematite
(b) Galena
(c) Magnetite
(d) Copper pyrites
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Copper pyrites
Explanation:
1. Copper pyrites is \( \ce{CuFeS2} \) and contains both copper and iron.
Teacher's Note:
1. Others contain one metal only.
(a) \( \ce{Cu2O} \)
(b) \( \ce{Cu2S} \)
(c) \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \)
(d) \( \ce{CuFeS2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) \( \ce{Cu2O} \)
Explanation:
1. Cuprite or ruby copper is red \( \ce{Cu2O} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. Ruby is red.
(a) Flux
(b) Slag
(c) Gangue
(d) Refractory material
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Gangue
Explanation:
1. Gangue or matrix is the unwanted earthy material. A flux combines with it to form slag.
Teacher's Note:
1. Gangue is removed during concentration.
(a) Hand picking
(b) Froth floatation
(c) Magnetic separation
(d) Leaching
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Magnetic separation
Explanation:
1. Tinstone, \( \ce{SnO2} \), is non-magnetic, but its impurity wolframite (\( \ce{FeWO4} \)) is magnetic and is removed using a magnet.
Teacher's Note:
1. Use the magnetic property of the impurity.
(a) Hand picking
(b) Washing with water
(c) Leaching
(d) Froth floatation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Froth floatation
Explanation:
1. Sulphide ores are preferentially wetted by oil, so they rise with the froth.
Teacher's Note:
1. Pine oil is the frother.
(a) Sodium ethyl xanthate
(b) \( \ce{CuSO4} \)
(c) Lime
(d) Water
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Sodium ethyl xanthate
Explanation:
1. Collectors such as sodium ethyl xanthate attach to the mineral particles and make them water repellent.
Teacher's Note:
1. Collectors enhance non-wetting.
(a) Reduction
(b) Concentration
(c) Refining
(d) Oxidation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Concentration
Explanation:
1. Leaching is chemical concentration of an ore by dissolving it in a suitable reagent.
Teacher's Note:
1. Bauxite and silver ores are leached.
(a) Ag
(b) Na
(c) Al
(d) Cu
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Ag
Explanation:
1. Silver and gold ores are leached with dilute NaCN solution in the presence of air.
Teacher's Note:
1. Au and Ag form cyano complexes.
(a) ZnO
(b) \( \ce{SnO2} \)
(c) \( \ce{Fe2O3} \)
(d) \( \ce{Al2O3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \ce{Al2O3} \)
Explanation:
1. In the Ellingham diagram, the line for Al oxide lies far below that of carbon at normal furnace temperatures, so carbon cannot reduce it.
Teacher's Note:
1. Reactive metals are obtained by electrolysis.
(a) Cu
(b) Au
(c) Ag
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
1. Hydrometallurgy extracts metals by dissolving their ores in aqueous reagents and then displacing or reducing them.
Teacher's Note:
1. Zn displaces Ag and Au.
(a) Alumina
(b) Bauxite
(c) Cryolite
(d) Feldspar
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Cryolite
Explanation:
1. Cryolite \( \ce{Na3AlF6} \) lowers the melting point and increases conductivity.
Teacher's Note:
1. Hall-Heroult process.
(a) \( \ce{CaO} \)
(b) Metallic Ca
(c) Gangue
(d) Slag
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Slag
Explanation:
1. \( \ce{CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2} \) and \( \ce{CaO + SiO2 -> CaSiO3} \). Calcium silicate is the slag.
Teacher's Note:
1. Flux plus gangue gives slag.
(a) Iron
(b) Mg
(c) Na
(d) Both Na and Mg
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Both Na and Mg
Explanation:
1. Highly electropositive metals such as Na and Mg are obtained by electrolysis of their fused chlorides.
Teacher's Note:
1. Electropositive metals need electrolysis.
(a) Smelting
(b) Calcination
(c) Roasting
(d) Liquation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Smelting
Explanation:
1. Smelting is reduction of the roasted ore with carbon at high temperature, with a flux, to give molten metal.
Teacher's Note:
1. Smelting involves a flux and a reducing agent.
(a) 1 : 1 : 1
(b) 8 : 4 : 1
(c) 8 : 1 : 4
(d) 1 : 4 : 8
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 8 : 4 : 1
Explanation:
1. The usual charge contains about 8 parts ore, 4 parts coke and 1 part limestone by weight.
Teacher's Note:
1. Ore is the largest part.
(a) \( \ce{Ca3(PO4)2} \)
(b) \( \ce{CaSiO3} \)
(c) \( \ce{FeSiO3} \)
(d) \( \ce{MnSiO3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) \( \ce{CaSiO3} \)
Explanation:
1. Silica gangue combines with lime to form calcium silicate.
Teacher's Note:
1. Basic flux and acidic gangue.
(a) Pig iron
(b) Wrought iron
(c) Steel
(d) Cast iron
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Pig iron
Explanation:
1. Blast furnace iron is pig iron, containing about 4% carbon. Cast iron is made by remelting pig iron.
Teacher's Note:
1. Wrought iron is the purest form.
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