JEE Chemistry General Principles and Processes Of Isolation Of Elements MCQs Set 20

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: In order to refine copper, it is melted in a furnace and stirred with green logs of wood. The purpose is:
(a) to expel the dissolved gases in blister copper
(b) to reduce the metallic oxide impurities with the hydrocarbon gases liberated from the wood
(c) to bring the impurities to the surface and oxidise them
(d) to increase the carbon content in copper
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) to reduce the metallic oxide impurities with the hydrocarbon gases liberated from the wood

Explanation:
1. This is poling: hydrocarbons from green wood reduce Cu2O present in blister copper to Cu.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 2: The process which involves treatment of the ore with a suitable reagent so as to make it soluble while the impurities remain insoluble is called:
(a) froth flotation
(b) self reduction
(c) pyrometallurgy
(d) leaching
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) leaching

Explanation:
1. In leaching (a hydrometallurgical step) the ore dissolves in the reagent (e.g. NaOH for bauxite, NaCN for gold).

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 3: Select the correct matching:
(a) All are correct
(b) Pyrometallurgy : extraction of Fe only
(c) Electrometallurgy : extraction of Al only
(d) Hydrometallurgy : extraction of Au only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) All are correct

Explanation:
1. Fe is obtained by smelting, Al by electrolysis and Au by cyanide leaching.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 4: Consider the statements: (I) Al has greater affinity for oxygen than Cr; (II) Al can be used for reduction of Fe2O3; (III) carbon is used for reduction of copper oxide (CuO); (IV) SnO2 can be reduced by carbon. The correct set of statements is:
(a) I and III
(b) I and IV
(c) All of these
(d) I, II and III
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) All of these

Explanation:
1. Al reduces Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 (thermite). Carbon reduces CuO and SnO2 at suitable temperatures.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 5: Which of the following reactions occurs in the slag formation zone of the blast furnace for iron?
(a) \( \ce{Fe2O3 + 3C -> 2Fe + 3CO} \)
(b) \( \ce{CO2 + C -> 2CO} \)
(c) \( \ce{CaO + SiO2 -> CaSiO3} \)
(d) \( \ce{FeO + SiO2 -> FeSiO3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \ce{CaO + SiO2 -> CaSiO3} \)

Explanation:
1. In the slag zone, lime from limestone combines with silica to give calcium silicate slag.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 6: Which of the following describes the extraction of zinc from calamine correctly?
(a) Calcination to give the oxide, followed by reduction with carbon
(b) Roasting then heating with calamine
(c) Roasting with air then carbon reduction
(d) Calcination then reduction by mercury
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Calcination to give the oxide, followed by reduction with carbon

Explanation:
1. Calamine ZnCO3 is calcined to ZnO and then reduced with coke to Zn.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 7: Select the correct flow of extraction of lead from galena:
(a) Leaching with NaOH, carbon reduction, then electrolytic refining
(b) Serpeck's process, electrolysis, then distillation
(c) Magnetic separation, self reduction, then distillation
(d) Froth flotation, partial roasting, self reduction, then electrolytic refining
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Froth flotation, partial roasting, self reduction, then electrolytic refining

Explanation:
1. Galena PbS is concentrated by froth flotation, partly roasted to PbO and PbSO4, which react with the remaining PbS (self reduction) to give impure Pb; the metal is then electro-refined.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 8: Both copper carbonate and copper hydroxide are present in:
(a) malachite only
(b) both malachite and azurite
(c) azurite only
(d) chalcopyrite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) both malachite and azurite

Explanation:
1. Malachite is CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 and azurite is 2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2; chalcopyrite is CuFeS2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 9: In the reactions Ag2S + KCN (excess) giving [Ag(CN)x]- and then [Ag(CN)x]- + Zn giving [Zn(CN)y]2-, the sum of x and y is:
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 10
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 6

Explanation:
1. [Ag(CN)2]- (x = 2) and [Zn(CN)4]2- (y = 4), so the sum is 6.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 10: When ZnS and PbS are present together, NaCN is added as a depressant in the froth flotation process because:
(a) \( \ce{Pb(CN)2} \) is precipitated with no effect on ZnS
(b) PbS forms a soluble complex \( \ce{Na2[Pb(CN)4]} \)
(c) it decreases the floatation of PbS by making it hydrophilic
(d) ZnS forms a soluble complex \( \ce{Na2[Zn(CN)4]} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) ZnS forms a soluble complex \( \ce{Na2[Zn(CN)4]} \)

Explanation:
1. CN- forms a soluble complex with ZnS, which keeps ZnS in the water phase, while PbS floats.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 11: An ore on calcination gives a residue, which dissolves in dilute HNO3, and Zn dust added to the solution displaces the metal M. This metallurgy is possible when the ore is:
(a) \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \)
(b) \( \ce{ZnCO3} \)
(c) \( \ce{CaCO3.MgCO3} \)
(d) \( \ce{PbS} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2} \)

Explanation:
1. Malachite gives CuO on calcination, CuO dissolves in HNO3 to give Cu2+, and zinc (more reactive) displaces Cu. For ZnCO3 the metal would be zinc itself.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 12: The Ellingham lines of 2Zn + O2 giving 2ZnO and 2C + O2 giving 2CO intersect at 1180 C. For the reduction ZnO + C giving Zn + CO to be spontaneous, the temperature should be:
(a) below 1180 C
(b) exactly 500 C
(c) above 1180 C
(d) below 800 C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) above 1180 C

Explanation:
1. Above the intersection point the carbon line lies lower, so the combined delta G of the reduction is negative.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 13: Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Removal of its own oxide impurity from impure Cu : poling
(b) Removal of Pb impurity from impure Ag : cupellation
(c) Obtaining wrought iron from cast iron : Bessemerisation
(d) Refining of nickel : Mond's process
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Obtaining wrought iron from cast iron : Bessemerisation

Explanation:
1. Wrought iron is obtained from cast iron by puddling (using haematite lining), not Bessemerisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 14: The method of zone refining of metals is based on the principle of:
(a) greater solubility of the impurity in the molten state than in the solid
(b) greater mobility of the pure metal than that of the impurity
(c) higher melting point of the impurity than that of the pure metal
(d) greater noble character of the solid metal than that of the impurity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) greater solubility of the impurity in the molten state than in the solid

Explanation:
1. Impurities concentrate in the molten zone and are swept to one end as the heater moves.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 15: The reduction of an oxide by aluminium is called:
(a) Bayer's process
(b) Hall's process
(c) van Arkel process
(d) Goldschmidt aluminothermite process
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Goldschmidt aluminothermite process

Explanation:
1. Reduction of metal oxides (Cr2O3, Fe2O3) with Al powder is the Goldschmidt thermite process.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 16: Which of the following statements is correct regarding slag formation during the extraction of a metal like copper or iron?
(a) The slag is heavier and has a lower melting point
(b) The slag is lighter and has a lower melting point than the metal
(c) The slag is lighter and has a higher melting point
(d) The slag is heavier and has a higher melting point
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) The slag is lighter and has a lower melting point than the metal

Explanation:
1. Slag floats on the molten metal and melts at a lower temperature, so it can be removed as a separate layer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 17: In the Hall-Heroult process for the extraction of Al, which statement is false?
(a) Al3+ is reduced at the cathode to form Al
(b) \( \ce{Na3AlF6} \) serves as the electrolyte
(c) CO and CO2 are produced in the process
(d) Al2O3 is mixed with CaF2 which lowers the melting point and brings conductivity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \ce{Na3AlF6} \) serves as the electrolyte

Explanation:
1. Na3AlF6 (cryolite) is a solvent that lowers the melting point and improves conductivity; the electrolyte being electrolysed is the dissolved Al2O3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

Question 18: The electrolyte used in the Castner-Kellner cell is:
(a) fused Al2O3 with cryolite and CaF2
(b) fused sodium chloride
(c) aqueous copper sulphate
(d) brine (aqueous sodium chloride) solution
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) brine (aqueous sodium chloride) solution

Explanation:
1. The Castner-Kellner cell electrolyses brine with a mercury cathode, giving sodium amalgam and Cl2, and then NaOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the principle behind the metallurgical step.

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