JEE Chemistry General Principles and Processes Of Isolation Of Elements MCQs Set 06

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The Van Arkel method of purification of metals involves converting the metal to
(a) a volatile stable compound
(b) a volatile thermally unstable compound
(c) a non-volatile stable compound
(d) none of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a volatile thermally unstable compound

Explanation:
1. The metal reacts with iodine to give a volatile iodide, which decomposes on a hot tungsten filament, depositing pure metal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Used for Ti, Zr and B.

Question 2: Which method of purification is represented by TiI4(g) → Ti(s) + 2I2(g) at about 1700 K?
(a) Zone refining
(b) Cupellation
(c) Poling
(d) Vapour phase refining (Van Arkel)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Vapour phase refining (Van Arkel)

Explanation:
1. Decomposition of a volatile iodide on a hot filament is the Van Arkel vapour-phase method.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mond's process (Ni) is another vapour-phase method.

Question 3: The method of zone refining is based on the principle that
(a) impurities are more soluble in the molten state than in the solid state
(b) pure metal is more mobile than the impurity
(c) impurity has a higher melting point than the pure metal
(d) the solid metal is more noble than the impurity
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) impurities are more soluble in the molten state than in the solid state

Explanation:
1. As a molten zone moves along the rod, impurities remain dissolved in the melt and are swept to one end.

Teacher's Note:
1. Used for semiconductors Si, Ge, Ga.

Question 4: Zone refining is used to obtain
(a) ultra pure Hg
(b) ultra pure Pb
(c) ultra pure silicon
(d) ultra pure Sn
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ultra pure silicon

Explanation:
1. Ultra pure Si and Ge for semiconductors are made by zone refining.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hg is purified by distillation.

Question 5: In electrorefining of metals, the anode is made of
(a) the impure metal
(b) the pure metal
(c) graphite
(d) platinum
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) the impure metal

Explanation:
1. The impure metal dissolves at the anode and pure metal deposits at the cathode.

Teacher's Note:
1. Anode: M → Mn+ + ne−.

Question 6: In the electrolytic refining of copper, gold and silver are found in
(a) anode mud
(b) cathode mud
(c) flux
(d) slag
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) anode mud

Explanation:
1. Au and Ag are less reactive than Cu, so they do not dissolve and settle below the anode as anode mud.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fe, Zn dissolve into the solution.

Question 7: Which metals may be present in the anode mud during electrorefining of copper? I. Gold II. Iron III. Silver IV. Magnesium
(a) I and II
(b) II and IV
(c) I and III
(d) III and IV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) I and III

Explanation:
1. Less electropositive metals (Au, Ag, Pt) do not dissolve and form anode mud.

Teacher's Note:
1. Fe and Mg dissolve and stay in the electrolyte.

Question 8: Liquation is used for purifying a metal which
(a) has a lower melting point than its impurities
(b) has a higher melting point than its impurities
(c) is volatile
(d) is magnetic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) has a lower melting point than its impurities

Explanation:
1. The metal melts and flows down a sloping hearth, leaving high melting impurities behind (e.g. Sn, Pb, Bi).

Teacher's Note:
1. Liquation separates by melting-point difference.

Question 9: Which metal is purified by poling?
(a) Sodium
(b) Blister copper
(c) Zinc
(d) Silver
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Blister copper

Explanation:
1. Blister copper is melted and stirred with green wood poles; hydrocarbons reduce the Cu2O impurity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Poling is used for metals containing their own oxide.

Question 10: Cupellation is used in the metallurgy of
(a) copper
(b) silver
(c) aluminium
(d) iron
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) silver

Explanation:
1. Silver containing lead is heated in a cupel in air; lead oxidises to PbO which is absorbed by the cupel, leaving silver.

Teacher's Note:
1. The impurity must be more readily oxidised than the metal.

Question 11: The metal that forms a volatile complex, which is used for its purification (Mond's process), is
(a) Co
(b) Ni
(c) V
(d) Fe
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ni

Explanation:
1. Ni + 4CO → Ni(CO)4 at about 330 to 350 K, which decomposes at about 450 to 470 K to pure Ni.

Teacher's Note:
1. Impure Ni is the starting material.

Question 12: In Mond's process, Ni(CO)4 is formed and decomposed at roughly
(a) 100°C and 50°C
(b) 50°C and 100°C
(c) 50°C and 230°C
(d) 230°C and 50°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 50°C and 230°C

Explanation:
1. The carbonyl forms at about 50°C and breaks down to pure Ni at about 230°C.

Teacher's Note:
1. Lower temperature favours formation and higher temperature decomposition.

Question 13: Mercury is purified by
(a) leaching
(b) distillation
(c) cupellation
(d) vapour phase refining
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) distillation

Explanation:
1. Hg has a low boiling point (630 K), so it is distilled under reduced pressure.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hg is also washed with dilute HNO3.

Question 14: Which of the following is not a method used to refine an impure metal?
(a) Mond's process
(b) Van Arkel process
(c) Froth floatation
(d) Liquation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Froth floatation

Explanation:
1. Froth floatation is an ore-concentration method.

Teacher's Note:
1. Refining methods: liquation, poling, zone refining, vapour phase, electrolytic, chromatography.

Question 15: The method of extraction of Ag by cyano complex formation followed by metal displacement is called
(a) Parke's method
(b) McArthur-Forest method
(c) Serpeck method
(d) Hall's method
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) McArthur-Forest method

Explanation:
1. Ag ore is leached with NaCN in air; zinc dust displaces silver from [Ag(CN)2]−.

Teacher's Note:
1. Parke's process uses zinc to extract silver from molten lead.

Question 16: Which process is based on the distribution law?
(a) Pattinson's process
(b) Parke's process
(c) Kroll process
(d) Moissan process
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Parke's process

Explanation:
1. In Parke's process silver distributes preferentially into molten zinc added to Pb-Ag alloy; Zn and Pb are immiscible.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pattinson's process is based on crystallisation.

Question 17: In the purification of aluminium by Hoope's process, impurities of silicon and copper are added to the molten impure aluminium in order to
(a) make the melt conducting
(b) reduce CaO into Ca
(c) ensure smooth deposition of aluminium ion
(d) make the melt heavier
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) make the melt heavier

Explanation:
1. Added Cu and Si make the impure alloy denser, so it forms the bottom layer of the three-layer cell.

Teacher's Note:
1. Pure Al floats on top as the middle-density layer.

Question 18: Electrolytic refining using the impure metal as anode cannot be used for
(a) silver
(b) copper
(c) aluminium
(d) gold
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) aluminium

Explanation:
1. Al is highly electropositive, and its aqueous salt solutions give H2 instead of Al at the cathode.

Teacher's Note:
1. Aluminium is refined by Hoope's process.

Question 19: The percentage of silver in German silver is
(a) 0
(b) 80
(c) 90
(d) 10
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0

Explanation:
1. German silver is an alloy of Cu, Zn and Ni.

Teacher's Note:
1. It contains no silver.

Question 20: In making steel, phosphorus separates as
(a) slag, Ca3(PO4)2
(b) volatile P2O5
(c) slag, FePO4
(d) Ca3P2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) slag, Ca3(PO4)2

Explanation:
1. In the basic-lined converter, phosphorus oxidises to P2O5, which combines with CaO to give Ca3(PO4)2 (Thomas slag).

Teacher's Note:
1. Thomas slag is used as a fertiliser.

Question 21: Addition of manganese makes steel suitable for railway lines because manganese
(a) gives hardness to steel
(b) helps the formation of oxides of iron
(c) reduces SiO2 to silicon
(d) reduces hardness
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) gives hardness to steel

Explanation:
1. Manganese steel is very hard and wear resistant.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mn is also a scavenger that removes oxygen and sulphur.

Question 22: A piece of steel is heated red hot and then dipped in cold water. This treatment makes it
(a) soft and malleable
(b) hard but not brittle
(c) more brittle
(d) hard and brittle
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) hard and brittle

Explanation:
1. Sudden cooling (quenching) leaves carbon trapped as hard cementite, giving a hard and brittle product.

Teacher's Note:
1. Tempering later reduces the brittleness.

Question 23: Which of these is false about silver extraction from argentiferous lead?
(a) Zinc forms an alloy with lead from which lead is separated by distillation
(b) Pb-Ag alloy rich in lead is concentrated by Pattinson's process
(c) Zn dissolves silver, and zinc is then distilled off
(d) Cupellation removes the last lead from silver
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Zinc forms an alloy with lead from which lead is separated by distillation

Explanation:
1. Zinc and lead are immiscible, so no Zn-Pb alloy forms.
2. Zinc dissolves the silver and is later distilled off.

Teacher's Note:
1. This is the basis of Parke's process.

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