JEE Chemistry Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure MCQs Set 50

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

View or download the dedicated Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Chemistry evaluations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Which of the following is incorrect?
(a) Dipole moment: CH4 < NF3 < NH3 < H2O
(b) For PCl5: bond length (equatorial) < bond length (axial)
(c) Melting point: H2O(s) > NH3(s) > HF(s)
(d) The number of unpaired electrons in H2O2 is 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) The number of unpaired electrons in H2O2 is 1

Explanation:
1. H2O2 has all its electrons paired, so the number of unpaired electrons is zero, not 1.
2. The other three statements are correct.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 2: Which of the following is correct?
(a) Bond order: CO > CO32-
(b) Bond angle: PH3 > PF3
(c) Bond energy: Cl2 > Br2 > I2 > F2
(d) Bond length: C–C < N–N < O–O < F–F
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Bond order: CO > CO32-

Explanation:
1. CO has bond order 3 and CO32- has 1.33.
2. The bond angle of PF3 (97.8°) exceeds that of PH3 (93.5°); F2 is stronger than I2; and the single-bond lengths are C–C 154, N–N 145, O–O 148, F–F 142 pm, so the other options are wrong.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 3: Which of the following is not correct?
(a) White vitriol and Epsom salt are isomorphous
(b) Thermal stability: BeCO3 < MgCO3 < CaCO3 < SrCO3
(c) Solubility: NaHCO3 < KHCO3 < RbHCO3 < CsHCO3
(d) Melting point: Al2O3 < MgF2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Melting point: Al2O3 < MgF2

Explanation:
1. Al2O3 melts at about 2072 °C, MgF2 at about 1263 °C, so the stated order is wrong.
2. ZnSO4·7H2O and MgSO4·7H2O are isomorphous, and the carbonate and bicarbonate trends are correct.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 4: Which of the following molecules does not exist?
(a) MnF4
(b) SH6
(c) (BCl3)2
(d) SH6 and (BCl3)2 both
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) SH6 and (BCl3)2 both

Explanation:
1. Sulphur does not form SH6 (no stable S–H bonds in a six-coordinate arrangement), and BCl3 does not dimerise because Cl is too large for bridging.
2. MnF4 is a known compound.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 5: Match Column I with Column II. (A) SF4 (B) BrF3 (C) BrO3- (D) NH4+; (1) tetrahedral (2) pyramidal (3) see-saw (4) bent-T.
(a) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
(b) A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
(c) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
(d) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

Explanation:
1. SF4 is see-saw, BrF3 is T-shaped (bent-T), BrO3- is pyramidal and NH4+ is tetrahedral.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 6: Consider the following orders: (1) PH3 > NH3 > AsH3 (basic character); (2) PH3 > NH3 > AsH3 (boiling point); (3) HOCl > HClO2 > HClO3 > HClO4 (oxidising property); (4) HF > HCl > HBr > HI (acidic); (5) H2O > H2S > H2Se (bond angle); (6) H2SO4 > H3PO4 > H2CO3 (acidic character). The correct orders are:
(a) 1, 2, 4, 5
(b) 2, 3, 5, 6
(c) 3, 5, 6
(d) 4, 5, 6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 3, 5, 6

Explanation:
1. Oxidising power of the chlorine oxoacids falls from HOCl to HClO4, bond angles fall from H2O to H2Se, and acid strength follows H2SO4 > H3PO4 > H2CO3.
2. Basic strength is NH3 > PH3 > AsH3, boiling points NH3 > AsH3 > PH3, and acidity HI > HBr > HCl > HF.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 7: Which solubility order is correct?
(a) BaSO4 > SrSO4 > CaSO4 > MgSO4
(b) ZnS > Na2S > CoS
(c) BaCO3 > MgCO3 > Na2CO3
(d) KOH > NaOH > Mg(OH)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) KOH > NaOH > Mg(OH)2

Explanation:
1. The alkali hydroxides are very soluble and solubility increases down the group (KOH > NaOH), while Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble.
2. The sulphates of group 2 become less soluble down the group, Na2S is far more soluble than ZnS and CoS, and Na2CO3 is far more soluble than BaCO3.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 8: Which is incorrect about the reaction of NH3 and BF3?
(a) The hybridisation of both N and B changes
(b) It is an example of a redox change
(c) In the adduct formed, back bonding appears between B and N
(d) All of these are incorrect
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) All of these are incorrect

Explanation:
1. The adduct H3N→BF3 forms by donation of the nitrogen lone pair to boron.
2. N is sp3 before and after, so only B changes (sp2 to sp3); no oxidation numbers change; and boron has no empty orbital left for back bonding. All three statements are incorrect.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 9: In which of the following molecules/ions are there more than one type of X–O bond length? (a) NO3- (b) Cr2O72- (c) HCOO- (d) HClO3 (e) PO43- (f) SO42-
(a) a, b, d
(b) b, d
(c) b, c, d, f
(d) a, b, c, d
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) b, d

Explanation:
1. Cr2O72- has terminal and bridging Cr–O bonds, and HClO3 has Cl–OH and Cl=O bonds, so both have more than one bond length.
2. NO3-, HCOO-, PO43- and SO42- have all bonds equal through resonance.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 10: The correct decreasing order of dipole moment is:
(a) CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3F
(b) CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3Br
(c) CH3Cl, CH3F, CH3Br
(d) CH3Br, CH3Cl, CH3F
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3Cl, CH3F, CH3Br

Explanation:
1. Dipole moments: CH3Cl 1.86 D, CH3F 1.81 D, CH3Br 1.78 D.
2. The C–F bond is shortest, so its larger charge separation is offset by the small bond length.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 11: Which of the following pairs is iso-structural?
(a) NF3 and BF3
(b) BF4- and NH4+
(c) BCl3 and BrCl3
(d) NH3 and NO3-
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) BF4- and NH4+

Explanation:
1. BF4- and NH4+ are both tetrahedral (sp3, no lone pair).
2. NF3 is pyramidal and BF3 planar; BCl3 is planar and BrCl3 T-shaped; NH3 is pyramidal and NO3- planar.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 12: Which of the following is not stable?
(a) KHF2
(b) KI3
(c) CH3–CH(OH)2
(d) Cl3C–CH(OH)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3–CH(OH)2

Explanation:
1. Two –OH groups on the same carbon (gem-diol) usually lose water to give a carbonyl compound, so CH3CH(OH)2 is unstable.
2. Chloral hydrate is stabilised by the three chlorine atoms, and KHF2 and KI3 are known salts.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 13: Which of the following compounds gives the metal and oxygen gas on strong heating?
(a) NaNO3
(b) Ag2CO3
(c) K2CO3
(d) Li2CO3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Ag2CO3

Explanation:
1. The oxide of silver is unstable, so Ag2CO3 decomposes to Ag, CO2 and O2.
2. NaNO3 gives the nitrite and O2, K2CO3 is stable, and Li2CO3 gives Li2O and CO2.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 14: In which reaction does the hybridisation of the underlined atom not change? (a) BF3 + F- → BF4- (underline B) (b) NH3 + H+ → NH4+ (underline N) (c) BF3 + NH3 → BF3·NH3 (underline B) (d) SiF4 + 2F- → SiF62- (underline Si)
(a) (a)
(b) (b)
(c) (c)
(d) (d)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) (b)

Explanation:
1. In NH3 the nitrogen is sp3 and it stays sp3 in NH4+.
2. Boron changes from sp2 to sp3 in (a) and (c), and silicon from sp3 to sp3d2 in (d).
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 15: Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Removal of an electron is easier from O2 than from O22+
(b) In the double bond of C2, both bonds are π-bonds
(c) NO is more stable than NO+
(d) NO2+ and CO2 are isoelectronic and isostructural
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) NO is more stable than NO+

Explanation:
1. NO has bond order 2.5 while NO+ has 3, so NO+ is more stable and statement (3) is incorrect.
2. The other statements are correct.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 16: The coordinate bond is absent in:
(a) NaNO3
(b) CaCO3
(c) O3
(d) KNC
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CaCO3

Explanation:
1. The carbonate ion can be drawn with one C=O and two C–O- bonds, with no coordinate bond.
2. NO3-, O3 and the isocyanide ion each contain a coordinate (dative) bond.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 17: Which of the following is the least stable?
(a) O-
(b) C-
(c) B-
(d) Be-
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Be-

Explanation:
1. Be has the completely filled 2s2 subshell, so the added electron must enter a higher 2p orbital, giving a positive electron gain enthalpy.
2. O, C and B all gain an electron exothermically, so Be- is the least stable.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 18: Which of the following statements is true?
(a) PH5, NCl5 and BiCl5 do not exist
(b) I3- has bent geometry
(c) XeF4 is a polar molecule
(d) O2 and O22- have the same bond order
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PH5, NCl5 and BiCl5 do not exist

Explanation:
1. Nitrogen has no d-orbitals, and the inert pair effect and weak P–H bonding stop PH5 and BiCl5 from forming.
2. I3- is linear, XeF4 is non-polar, and the bond orders of O2 and O22- are 2 and 1.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 19: The bond angle in the H2O molecule is:
(a) 104.5°
(b) 120°
(c) 109.5°
(d) 107°
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 104.5°

Explanation:
1. Two lone pairs repel the bond pairs more strongly than bond pairs repel each other, compressing the angle from 109.5° to 104.5°.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 20: The correct stability order of N2 and its ions is:
(a) N2 > N2+ > N2- > N22-
(b) N2- > N2+ > N2 > N22-
(c) N2+ > N2- > N2 > N22-
(d) N2 > N2+ = N2- > N22-
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) N2 > N2+ > N2- > N22-

Explanation:
1. Bond orders: N2 3, N2+ 2.5, N2- 2.5, N22- 2.
2. N2- has an electron in an antibonding orbital, so it is less stable than N2+.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 21: Which one is the most soluble in water?
(a) Mg(OH)2
(b) Sr(OH)2
(c) Ca(OH)2
(d) Ba(OH)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ba(OH)2

Explanation:
1. Solubility of the group 2 hydroxides increases down the group because lattice energy falls faster than hydration energy.
2. Ba(OH)2 is the most soluble.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 22: The correct order of the A–O–A bond angle in the oxides of H, F and Cl is:
(a) H2O > Cl2O > F2O
(b) Cl2O > H2O > F2O
(c) F2O > Cl2O > H2O
(d) F2O > H2O > Cl2O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cl2O > H2O > F2O

Explanation:
1. Angles: Cl2O 111°, H2O 104.5°, F2O 103°.
2. Bulky Cl atoms widen the angle; the electronegative F pulls the bond pairs away from O, reducing it.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 23: Among the species O2+, CO, B2, O2-, NO+, He2+, C22+, CN- and N2-, how many have a fractional bond order?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 4

Explanation:
1. Fractional bond orders: O2+ (2.5), O2- (1.5), He2+ (0.5) and N2- (2.5).
2. CO, NO+ and CN- are 3, B2 is 1 and C22+ is 1, so the count is 4.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 24: Which of the following has a fractional bond order?
(a) O22+
(b) O22-
(c) F22-
(d) H2-
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) H2-

Explanation:
1. H2- has two bonding and one antibonding electron: bond order (2 – 1)/2 = 0.5.
2. O22+ is 3 and O22- is 1, both whole numbers.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 25: Which of the following carbonates has the least thermal stability?
(a) Li2CO3
(b) K2CO3
(c) Cs2CO3
(d) Na2CO3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Li2CO3

Explanation:
1. The small Li+ polarises the large carbonate ion strongly, so Li2CO3 decomposes to Li2O and CO2 on heating.
2. The other alkali carbonates are stable.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

Question 26: Which of the following orders is not correct?
(a) N2 < N2+ (bond length)
(b) O2 < O2+ (bond strength)
(c) O2 < O (ionisation potential)
(d) NO < NO+ (magnetic moment)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) NO < NO+ (magnetic moment)

Explanation:
1. NO has an unpaired electron and is paramagnetic, while NO+ is diamagnetic, so the magnetic moment of NO is higher.
2. The other three orders are correct.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Work through each option against the rule or structure involved before choosing. Remember the exceptions your textbook lists.

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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Objective Questions & Solutions for JEE Chemistry

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