JEE Chemistry Biomolecules MCQs Set 10

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The change in optical rotation, with time, of a freshly prepared solution of sugar is known as
(a) rotatory motion
(b) inversion
(c) specific rotation
(d) mutarotation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) mutarotation

Explanation:
1. A fresh solution of one anomer changes in rotation as it equilibrates with the other anomer, which is mutarotation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 2: Gun-cotton is
(a) nitrosucrose
(b) nitrocellulose
(c) nitroglucose
(d) nitropicrin
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) nitrocellulose

Explanation:
1. Cellulose treated with conc. HNO3 and conc. H2SO4 gives cellulose trinitrate, gun-cotton.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 3: Which of the following monosaccharides is a pentose?
(a) galactose
(b) fructose
(c) glucose
(d) arabinose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) arabinose

Explanation:
1. Arabinose is an aldopentose, HOCH2(CHOH)3CHO.
2. The other three are hexoses.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 4: The amide group is present in
(a) lipids
(b) carbohydrates
(c) amino acids
(d) proteins
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) proteins

Explanation:
1. Proteins are polyamides joined by peptide (amide) bonds.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 5: Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
(a) leucine
(b) albumin
(c) inulin
(d) maltase
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) inulin

Explanation:
1. Inulin is a polysaccharide of fructose.
2. Leucine is an amino acid and albumin and maltase are proteins.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 6: The general formula for carbohydrates is
(a) CnH2nO2n+2
(b) Cx(H2O)2x
(c) Cx(H2O)y
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cx(H2O)y

Explanation:
1. Carbohydrates were named hydrates of carbon, Cx(H2O)y, though some compounds fitting the formula are not carbohydrates.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 7: Benedict solution provides
(a) Ag+
(b) Li+
(c) Cu2+
(d) Ba2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Cu2+

Explanation:
1. Benedict's reagent is alkaline CuSO4 with citrate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 8: Glucose gives a silver mirror with Tollens' reagent. It shows that glucose has
(a) an acidic group
(b) an alcoholic group
(c) a ketonic group
(d) an aldehydic group
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) an aldehydic group

Explanation:
1. Tollens' reagent oxidises an aldehyde group to the acid and is itself reduced to silver.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 9: A certain compound gives a negative test with ninhydrin and a positive test with Benedict's solution. The compound is
(a) a protein
(b) a monosaccharide
(c) a lipid
(d) an amino acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a monosaccharide

Explanation:
1. Ninhydrin detects amino acids and proteins, and Benedict's solution detects reducing sugars.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 10: An organic compound answers Molisch's test as well as Benedict's test but does not answer Seliwanoff's test. Most probably, it is
(a) sucrose
(b) a protein
(c) fructose
(d) maltose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) maltose

Explanation:
1. Positive Molisch means a carbohydrate and positive Benedict means a reducing sugar, so sucrose is excluded.
2. Fructose, a ketose, gives Seliwanoff's test, while maltose, an aldose-type reducing sugar, does not.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 11: Glucose heated with CH3OH in the presence of dry HCl gas gives alpha and beta methyl glucosides because it contains
(a) an aldehyde group
(b) a -CH2OH group
(c) a ring structure
(d) five hydroxyl groups
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) a ring structure

Explanation:
1. The cyclic hemiacetal form is converted into two anomeric acetals (glycosides).

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 12: Which one is a disaccharide?
(a) glucose
(b) xylose
(c) fructose
(d) sucrose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) sucrose

Explanation:
1. Sucrose splits into one glucose and one fructose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 13: The molecular formula C6H12O6 is of
(a) glucose
(b) fructose
(c) both glucose and fructose
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) both glucose and fructose

Explanation:
1. Glucose and fructose are isomers.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 14: Hydrolysis of sucrose is called
(a) esterification
(b) saponification
(c) inversion
(d) hydration
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) inversion

Explanation:
1. The dextrorotatory sucrose gives a laevorotatory mixture, so the rotation is inverted.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 15: In glycolipids, the two sugars known to occur are glucose and
(a) fructose
(b) lactose
(c) galactose
(d) sucrose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) galactose

Explanation:
1. Glycolipids contain glucose or galactose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 16: Epimerisation involves
(a) change of configuration
(b) addition of one more carbon
(c) substitution of a carbon
(d) conversion of -CHO to -C=O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) change of configuration

Explanation:
1. Epimers differ in configuration at one carbon atom, and epimerisation inverts it.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 17: The compound which does not contain an asymmetric carbon atom is
(a) glycolaldehyde
(b) glyceraldehyde
(c) glucose
(d) galactose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) glycolaldehyde

Explanation:
1. HOCH2CHO has no carbon bearing four different groups.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 18: Which of the following signs indicates that the sugar is actually dextrorotatory?
(a) -
(b) +
(c) R-
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) +

Explanation:
1. The (+) sign denotes dextrorotation.
2. R/S describes configuration and (-) is laevorotation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 19: The standard compound for determination of configuration in sugar chemistry is
(a) glycolaldehyde
(b) glyceraldehyde
(c) glucose
(d) fructose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) glyceraldehyde

Explanation:
1. D- and L- are assigned by comparison with glyceraldehyde.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 20: Sugars are
(a) optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes
(b) optically active polyhydroxy ketones
(c) optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones
(d) polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones which may or may not be optically active
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones which may or may not be optically active

Explanation:
1. Simple sugars such as dihydroxyacetone are optically inactive, so only the last statement covers all sugars.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 21: The molecular formula of the pentahydroxy acid obtained when glucose is oxidised with bromine water is
(a) C6H12O7
(b) C6H12O8
(c) C6H12O6
(d) C6H10O6
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) C6H12O7

Explanation:
1. Br2 water oxidises only the -CHO group to -COOH, giving gluconic acid, C6H12O7.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 22: The phosphoglycerides occur in
(a) the brain and the spinal cord
(b) nails and hairs
(c) oils and fats
(d) waxes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) the brain and the spinal cord

Explanation:
1. Phospholipids are abundant in nerve tissue.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 23: Sucrose is a
(a) monosaccharide
(b) disaccharide
(c) trisaccharide
(d) polysaccharide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) disaccharide

Explanation:
1. It is made of glucose and fructose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 24: The commonest disaccharide has the molecular formula
(a) C10H18O9
(b) C10H20O10
(c) C18H22O11
(d) C12H22O11
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C12H22O11

Explanation:
1. Two C6H12O6 units less H2O gives C12H22O11.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 25: On complete hydrolysis of starch, we finally get
(a) glucose
(b) glucose and fructose
(c) fructose
(d) sucrose
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) glucose

Explanation:
1. Starch is a polymer of glucose.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 26: Which is a monosaccharide?
(a) glucose
(b) fructose
(c) galactose
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all of these

Explanation:
1. None can be hydrolysed further.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 27: Which is a polysaccharide?
(a) starch
(b) glycogen
(c) cellulose
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all of these

Explanation:
1. Each is a polymer of glucose units.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

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