Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Chemistry: Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
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Practice Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids MCQs for JEE Chemistry
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) Formaldehyde
(b) Ethyl alcohol
(c) Methyl cyanide
(d) Methyl iodide
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Methyl iodide
Explanation:
1. Only the alkyl halide can be converted to RMgX. The first three react with a Grignard reagent because they contain a carbonyl, an acidic OH or a cyano group.
Teacher's Note:
1. Grignard reagents give a secondary alcohol with aldehydes (primary with HCHO) and a tertiary alcohol with ketones.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) Promotor
(b) Catalytic poison
(c) Cooperator
(d) Absorber
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Catalytic poison
Explanation:
1. BaSO4 reduces the activity of Pd so that the aldehyde is not reduced further, i.e. it acts as a catalyst poison.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aldehyde syntheses: Rosenmund (acid chloride, H2, Pd/BaSO4), Stephen (nitrile, SnCl2/HCl), Etard (toluene, CrO2Cl2), Gattermann-Koch (benzene, CO/HCl, AlCl3).
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) Ethanol
(b) Propane
(c) Ethanal
(d) Propanol
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Propane
Explanation:
1. Zn-Hg/conc.
2. HCl reduces the >C=O group to >CH2, so acetone gives propane.
Teacher's Note:
1. Clemmensen (Zn-Hg/HCl, acid) and Wolff-Kishner (N2H4/KOH, base) both convert C=O to CH2; choose by the acid or base sensitivity of the rest of the molecule.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) Stephen reduction
(b) Cannizzaro reaction
(c) Clemmensen reduction
(d) Rosenmund reduction
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Stephen reduction
Explanation:
1. Stephen reduction converts a nitrile into an aldehyde using \( \ce{SnCl2} \) and HCl, followed by hydrolysis.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aldehyde syntheses: Rosenmund (acid chloride, H2, Pd/BaSO4), Stephen (nitrile, SnCl2/HCl), Etard (toluene, CrO2Cl2), Gattermann-Koch (benzene, CO/HCl, AlCl3).
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) 2-Propanol
(b) 1-Butanol
(c) 2-Butanol
(d) t-Butyl alcohol
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) 2-Butanol
Explanation:
1. Butan-2-ol is a secondary alcohol, and its oxidation gives butanone (methyl ethyl ketone).
Teacher's Note:
1. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) Acidic \( \ce{KMnO4} \)
(b) \( \ce{K2Cr2O7} \)
(c) \( \ce{CrO2Cl2} \)
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) \( \ce{CrO2Cl2} \)
Explanation:
1. Only chromyl chloride (Etard reaction) stops at the aldehyde stage.
2. Acidic KMnO4 and dichromate carry toluene on to benzoic acid.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aldehyde syntheses: Rosenmund (acid chloride, H2, Pd/BaSO4), Stephen (nitrile, SnCl2/HCl), Etard (toluene, CrO2Cl2), Gattermann-Koch (benzene, CO/HCl, AlCl3).
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) \( \ce{CH4} \)
(b) \( \ce{C2H6} \)
(c) \( \ce{C2H4} \)
(d) \( \ce{C2H2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \ce{C2H2} \)
Explanation:
1. Hydration of ethyne under these conditions forms vinyl alcohol, which tautomerises to acetaldehyde.
Teacher's Note:
1. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) Heating acetaldehyde with methanol
(b) Oxidation of propyl alcohol
(c) Oxidation of isopropyl alcohol
(d) Reduction of propionic acid
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Oxidation of isopropyl alcohol
Explanation:
1. Oxidising the secondary alcohol propan-2-ol gives acetone.
2. Propyl alcohol is primary and gives propanal or propanoic acid.
Teacher's Note:
1. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) Acetaldehyde
(b) Acetone
(c) Formaldehyde
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Acetone
Explanation:
1. Markovnikov hydration of propyne gives the enol of acetone, which tautomerises to propanone.
Teacher's Note:
1. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) \( \ce{HCHO} \)
(b) \( \ce{CH3CHO} \)
(c) \( \ce{C6H5CHO} \)
(d) \( \ce{C6H5CH2CHO} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) \( \ce{HCHO} \)
Explanation:
1. Six molecules of methanal with four of ammonia give hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine), used as a urinary antiseptic.
Teacher's Note:
1. Urotropine, (CH2)6N4, comes from methanal and ammonia; it is a urinary antiseptic.
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) Ethylene only
(b) Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde
(c) Propionaldehyde and formaldehyde
(d) Acetaldehyde only
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Propionaldehyde and formaldehyde
Explanation:
1. \( \ce{CH3CH2CH=CH2} \) is cleaved at the double bond to give propanal, \( \ce{CH3CH2CHO} \), and methanal, \( \ce{HCHO} \).
Teacher's Note:
1. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) Clemmensen reduction
(b) Cannizzaro reaction
(c) Rosenmund reduction
(d) Oppenauer oxidation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Oppenauer oxidation
Explanation:
1. Oppenauer oxidation converts secondary alcohols to ketones with aluminium alkoxide and excess acetone.
2. The other reactions do not form ketones.
Teacher's Note:
1. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) Ethylene oxide
(b) \( \ce{HCHO} \)
(c) Ethylene glycol
(d) Ethyl alcohol
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) \( \ce{HCHO} \)
Explanation:
1. Cleavage of \( \ce{CH2=CH2} \) at the double bond gives two molecules of methanal.
Teacher's Note:
1. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) \( \ce{CH3CH2COCH3} \)
(b) \( \ce{CH3CH2CH2CHO} \)
(c) \( \ce{CH3CH2CH2COOH} \)
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) \( \ce{CH3CH2COCH3} \)
Explanation:
1. Markovnikov hydration of the terminal alkyne puts the carbonyl on the second carbon, giving butan-2-one.
Teacher's Note:
1. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) Methanoic acid
(b) Ethanal
(c) Methanol
(d) Methanal
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Methanal
Explanation:
1. Controlled oxidation of methane over molybdenum oxide gives methanal.
Teacher's Note:
1. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) A compound containing an aldehyde and a ketonic group
(b) An alpha,beta-unsaturated acid
(c) An alpha-hydroxy aldehyde
(d) An alpha-hydroxy ketone
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) An alpha-hydroxy ketone
Explanation:
1. Benzoin is \( \ce{C6H5CH(OH)COC6H5} \), an alpha-hydroxy ketone formed by benzoin condensation of benzaldehyde.
Teacher's Note:
1. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) Benzyl alcohol
(b) Benzoic acid
(c) Benzaldehyde
(d) p-Chlorobenzaldehyde
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Benzaldehyde
Explanation:
1. Benzyl chloride heated with aqueous lead nitrate (or copper nitrate) is oxidised to benzaldehyde.
Teacher's Note:
1. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
2. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
(a) Mendius reaction
(b) Oxo process
(c) Sandmeyer reaction
(d) Stephen reaction
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Oxo process
Explanation:
1. Hydroformylation of an alkene with CO and H2 over a cobalt catalyst is the oxo process.
Teacher's Note:
1. Check each reagent for whether it stops at the carbonyl stage or goes on to the acid.
2. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
(a) Allyl iodide
(b) Acryl aldehyde
(c) Allyl sulphate
(d) Glycerol trisulphate
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Acryl aldehyde
Explanation:
1. KHSO4 dehydrates glycerol twice to acrolein, \( \ce{CH2=CH-CHO} \) (acryl aldehyde).
Teacher's Note:
1. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) \( \ce{Pb/BaSO4} \)
(b) Alkaline \( \ce{KMnO4} \)
(c) Acidic \( \ce{KMnO4} \)
(d) \( \ce{CO + HCl} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \ce{CO + HCl} \)
Explanation:
1. Benzene is formylated by CO and HCl with anhydrous AlCl3 and CuCl.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aldehyde syntheses: Rosenmund (acid chloride, H2, Pd/BaSO4), Stephen (nitrile, SnCl2/HCl), Etard (toluene, CrO2Cl2), Gattermann-Koch (benzene, CO/HCl, AlCl3).
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylhex-3-ene
(b) 2,2,6-Trimethylhex-3-ene
(c) 2,3,4-Trimethylpent-2-ene
(d) 2,2,4-Trimethylhex-2-ene
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) 2,2,4-Trimethylhex-3-ene
Explanation:
1. Joining \( \ce{(CH3)3C-CH} \) and \( \ce{C(CH3)CH2CH3} \) through the double bond gives \( \ce{(CH3)3C-CH=C(CH3)CH2CH3} \), which is 2,2,4-trimethylhex-3-ene.
Teacher's Note:
1. List the standard preparations: oxidation of alcohols, ozonolysis, hydration of alkynes, Rosenmund, Stephen, Etard, Gattermann-Koch and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
2. Decide whether the product should be an aldehyde or a ketone from the type of alcohol or alkene given.
(a) X = \( \ce{MgCl2} \); Y = \( \ce{CH3CH=CH2} \)
(b) X = \( \ce{CH3MgCl} \); Y = \( \ce{C2H5COCH3} \)
(c) X = \( \ce{CH3MgCl} \); Y = \( \ce{(CH3)3C-OH} \)
(d) X = \( \ce{C2H5MgCl} \); Y = \( \ce{(CH3)3C-OH} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) X = \( \ce{CH3MgCl} \); Y = \( \ce{(CH3)3C-OH} \)
Explanation:
1. Methylmagnesium chloride adds to the carbonyl of acetone to give the alkoxide \( \ce{(CH3)3C-OMgCl} \), and hydrolysis gives tert-butyl alcohol.
Teacher's Note:
1. Use the tests: Tollens' and Fehling's for aldehydes, iodoform for CH3CO- and CH3CH(OH)-, 2,4-DNP for any carbonyl.
2. Aldol needs alpha-hydrogen; Cannizzaro needs none.
(a) 1,2-Bis(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol
(b) m-Hydroxybenzoate and m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol
(c) m-Chlorobenzoate and m-chlorobenzyl alcohol
(d) 1,2-Bis(3-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diol
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) m-Chlorobenzoate and m-chlorobenzyl alcohol
Explanation:
1. The aldehyde has no alpha-hydrogen, so it undergoes Cannizzaro reaction in strong alkali.
2. The aryl chlorine is not replaced.
Teacher's Note:
1. Cannizzaro reaction: an aldehyde with no alpha-hydrogen, in strong alkali, gives equal amounts of alcohol and carboxylate through hydride transfer.
2. Aldol needs alpha-hydrogen; Cannizzaro needs none.
(a) A = \( \ce{RR'C(OH)CN} \), B = \( \ce{LiAlH4} \)
(b) A = \( \ce{RR'C(OH)COOH} \), B = \( \ce{NH3} \)
(c) A = \( \ce{RR'C(OH)CN} \), B = \( \ce{H3O^+} \)
(d) A = \( \ce{RR'C(OH)CH2CN} \), B = NaOH
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) A = \( \ce{RR'C(OH)CN} \), B = \( \ce{LiAlH4} \)
Explanation:
1. HCN adds to the carbonyl to give the cyanohydrin A. Reducing the cyano group with LiAlH4 gives the amino alcohol.
Teacher's Note:
1. Compare reactivity with steric hindrance and electron donation: HCHO > RCHO > ArCHO > R2CO > Ar2CO.
2. Use the tests: Tollens' and Fehling's for aldehydes, iodoform for CH3CO- and CH3CH(OH)-, 2,4-DNP for any carbonyl.
(a) Zinc amalgam and HCl
(b) \( \ce{Pd/BaSO4} \)
(c) Anhydrous \( \ce{AlCl3} \)
(d) Ni/Pt
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Zinc amalgam and HCl
Explanation:
1. Zn-Hg with concentrated HCl (Clemmensen reduction) reduces >C=O to >CH2.
Teacher's Note:
1. Clemmensen (Zn-Hg/HCl, acid) and Wolff-Kishner (N2H4/KOH, base) both convert C=O to CH2; choose by the acid or base sensitivity of the rest of the molecule.
2. Use the tests: Tollens' and Fehling's for aldehydes, iodoform for CH3CO- and CH3CH(OH)-, 2,4-DNP for any carbonyl.
(a) Catalytic reduction
(b) \( \ce{Na/C2H5OH} \)
(c) Wolff-Kishner reduction
(d) \( \ce{LiAlH4} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Wolff-Kishner reduction
Explanation:
1. Catalytic reduction, Na/alcohol and LiAlH4 give alcohols.
2. Hydrazine with KOH (Wolff-Kishner) converts the carbonyl to a methylene group.
Teacher's Note:
1. Clemmensen (Zn-Hg/HCl, acid) and Wolff-Kishner (N2H4/KOH, base) both convert C=O to CH2; choose by the acid or base sensitivity of the rest of the molecule.
2. Aldol needs alpha-hydrogen; Cannizzaro needs none.
(a) On oxidation it yields benzoic acid
(b) It is used in perfumery
(c) It is an aromatic aldehyde
(d) On reduction it yields phenol
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) On reduction it yields phenol
Explanation:
1. Reduction of benzaldehyde gives benzyl alcohol or toluene, never phenol.
Teacher's Note:
1. Compare reactivity with steric hindrance and electron donation: HCHO > RCHO > ArCHO > R2CO > Ar2CO.
2. Use the tests: Tollens' and Fehling's for aldehydes, iodoform for CH3CO- and CH3CH(OH)-, 2,4-DNP for any carbonyl.
(a) \( \ce{FeCl3} \) is used in the detection of phenols
(b) Fehling solution is used in the detection of glucose
(c) Tollens' reagent is used in the detection of unsaturation
(d) \( \ce{NaHSO3} \) is used in the detection of carbonyl compounds
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Tollens' reagent is used in the detection of unsaturation
Explanation:
1. Tollens' reagent detects aldehydes (a reducing group); unsaturation is detected with Baeyer's reagent or bromine water.
Teacher's Note:
1. Tollens' reagent, [Ag(NH3)2]+, is reduced to silver by aldehydes and not by ketones.
2. Aldol needs alpha-hydrogen; Cannizzaro needs none.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 4
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) 1 and 3
Explanation:
1. Oxidation of the secondary alcohol and Friedel-Crafts acylation both give acetophenone.
2. Benzaldehyde with CH3MgBr gives 1-phenylethanol, and calcium benzoate gives benzophenone.
Teacher's Note:
1. Compare reactivity with steric hindrance and electron donation: HCHO > RCHO > ArCHO > R2CO > Ar2CO.
2. Use the tests: Tollens' and Fehling's for aldehydes, iodoform for CH3CO- and CH3CH(OH)-, 2,4-DNP for any carbonyl.
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