UP Board Solutions Class 8 English Chapter 14 The Man Who Gave India Wings

Word Meanings (शब्दार्थ)

ancestor - पूर्वज, recruited - भर्ती किया, heir - उत्तराधिकारी, tirelessly - बिना थके, excelled - बहुत अच्छा किया, philanthropist - मानवतावादी, educationist - शिक्षाविद्, sculptor - मूर्तिकार

Translation Of The Lesson (पाठ का हिन्दी अनुवाद)

हिन्दी अनुवाद- क्या तुम उस व्यक्ति का नाम जानते हो जिसने भारत को पंख दिए? वह व्यक्ति था जहाँगीर रतनजी दादाभाई टाटा । वे आमतौर पर जे आर डी के नाम से जाने जाते थे। उनका जन्म 29 जुलाई, 1904 में पेरिस में हुआ । उनके पिता रतन जी दादाभाई टाटा पारसी तथा माँ सुजैन ब्रिअरी फ्रेंच थीं। टाटा का बचपन भारत तथा फ्रांस के बीच यात्रा करते हुए बीता। कुछ लोगों ने मज़ाक में कहा कि उनका उपनाम उन्हें एक पूर्वज से मिला जो मुम्बई के तट पर खड़े होकर जाते हुए जहाजों को 'टा-टा' किया करते थे। 1924 में 20 वर्ष की उम्र में फ्रांस का नागरिक होने के कारण वे फ्रांस की सेना में भर्ती हुए। एक वर्ष बाद उन्हें कैम्ब्रिज विश्वविद्यालय में दाखिला लेने की तैयारी करने के लिए इंग्लैण्ड भेज दिया गया। परन्तु उनके पिता रतन जी ने उनसे मुम्बई वापस आकर उनके स्टील प्लांट, ‘टाटा स्टील इंडस्ट्री में काम करने को कहा। उनके पिता कॉलेज की डिग्री को जीवन में सफलता प्राप्त करने के लिए आवश्यक नहीं समझते थे। एक वर्ष बाद रतन जी का देहान्त हो गया। रतन जी का सबसे बड़ा पुत्र तथा उत्तराधिकारी होने के कारण जहाँगीर को 'टाटा सन्स और बोर्ड का निदेशक बना दिया गया। जे आर डी 1929 में भारत के पहले लाइसेंसड पायलट बने । जे आर डी ने 1932 में भारत को उड़ने के लिए पंख दिए। जे आर डी ने एक छोटे-से हवाई जहाज से कराची से मुम्बई तक स्वयं पायलट बनकर एवं उसकी यात्रा कर 'टाटा एविएशन सर्विस' की स्थापना की। 34 साल की आयु में जे आर डी को टाटा एंड संस का अध्यक्ष मनोनीत किया गया, जिससे वे भारत के सबसे बड़े औद्योगिक समूह के सबसे छोटी आयु के प्रधान बने। 1948 में भारत सरकार ने जे आर डी के साथ जुड़कर एयर इण्डिया शुरू किया। 1953 में जे आर डी को एयर इण्डिया का अध्यक्ष बना दिया गया। अगले 25 वर्षों तक उन्होंने एयर इण्डिया को सफल बनाने के लिए बिना थके काम किया। जे आर डी ने केवल विमानचालक के रूप में ही अच्छा कार्य नहीं किया परन्तु वे एक मानवतावादी, शिक्षाविद्, खिलाड़ी, कवि तथा मूर्तिकार भी थे। 1992 में उन्हें भारत सरकार द्वारा सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान, भारत रत्न, द्वारा सम्मानित किया गया। जे आर डी की सार्वजनिक रूप से अन्तिम अपील भारत में शान्ति बनाए रखने की थी। 29 नवम्बर, 1993 को उनका निधन हो गया। क्या तुम जानते हो कि जे आर डी केवल टाटा कम्पनी के निदेशक ही नहीं अपितु एक अच्छे व्यक्ति भी थे? वे अपनी कम्पनी के मुनाफे का 75 प्रतिशत कम्पनी के मजदूरों तथा ज़रूरतमन्द लोगों की सहायता में खर्च किया करते थे।

Exercise (अभ्यास)

Comprehension Questions

1. Answer the following questions:

Question a. What was the name of JRD's parents and which country did they belong to?
Answer: JRD's father, Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, was from India and was a Parsi. His mother, Suzanne Briere, was French. Their diverse backgrounds contributed to JRD's global upbringing.
In simple words: JRD's father, Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, was Indian. His mother, Suzanne Briere, was French.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked about a person's background, remember to mention both their parents' names and their nationalities clearly.

Question b. Name the aviation service setup by JRD.
Answer: JRD set up the Tata Aviation Service. This service later grew into Air India, playing a big role in India's air travel history.
In simple words: JRD started the Tata Aviation Service.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify key terms like "aviation service" and link them directly to the name mentioned in the text for a precise answer.

Question c. Why did he not have a college degree?
Answer: JRD did not get a college degree because his father called him back to Bombay when he was getting ready to join Cambridge University. His father believed that a college degree was not necessary to be successful in life. This shows a different perspective on education from that era.
In simple words: JRD did not finish college because his father asked him to come back to Bombay. His father felt a degree was not needed for success.

🎯 Exam Tip: When explaining reasons, make sure to state both the action (called back) and the underlying belief (degree not necessary) mentioned in the text.

Question d. Who became the Director of Tata Boards after Ratanji's death?
Answer: After Ratanji's death, his oldest son and rightful heir, Jahangir, became the Director of Tata Boards. This meant he took over the leadership role in the company. Succession often follows family lines in large businesses.
In simple words: After Ratanji died, his eldest son, Jahangir, became the Director of Tata Boards.

🎯 Exam Tip: For "who" questions, state the person's name clearly and briefly mention their relation to the previous leader.

Question e. Why was JRD awarded the Bharat Ratna?
Answer: JRD was awarded the Bharat Ratna because he was not just a great aviator, but also a helper of people (philanthropist), a teacher, a sportsman, a poet, and a sculptor. The Indian Government recognized his many achievements and contributions to society with this top award. This highlights his diverse talents and positive impact.
In simple words: JRD got the Bharat Ratna because he was an excellent pilot, a philanthropist, an educationist, a sportsman, a poet, and a sculptor. The Indian Government gave him the award for his many achievements.

🎯 Exam Tip: List all the key achievements or roles mentioned in the text as reasons for a significant award like the Bharat Ratna.

Question f. What was JRD's last public statement?
Answer: JRD's last public statement was an appeal to all Indians to work together to maintain peace. He always cared deeply about the well-being of the nation. This message showed his constant concern for national harmony.
In simple words: JRD's last public statement asked all Indians to keep peace.

🎯 Exam Tip: When asked for a specific statement, quote or accurately paraphrase the core message. Note if it was an appeal or instruction.

Question g. What different areas did JRD excel in?
Answer: Besides being an excellent pilot, JRD was very good in many other areas. He was a philanthropist (someone who helps people), an educationist (a teacher or expert in education), a sportsman, a poet, and a sculptor. His abilities stretched across many different fields, showing his versatile nature.
In simple words: JRD was great at flying planes, and also very good as a philanthropist, an educationist, a sportsman, a poet, and a sculptor.

🎯 Exam Tip: For questions about multiple achievements, list each area of excellence clearly and completely.

2. Choose the correct option:

Question 1. JRD's father did not consider a college degree necessary
(a) to succeed in life
(b) to earn in life
(c) to help others
Answer: (a) to succeed in life
In simple words: JRD's father thought that you do not need a college degree to do well and be successful in life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read the options carefully to find the one that perfectly matches the reason given in the lesson for his father's view.

Question 2. JRD received the highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna in
(a) 1980
(b) 1989
(c) 1992
Answer: (c) 1992
In simple words: JRD was given India's top civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in the year 1992.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember important dates like when major awards were received, as these are often tested.

Question 3. JRD spent 75% of the company's profit on
(a) maintenance of the industries
(b) looking after the need of the workers
(c) his personal luxuries
Answer: (b) looking after the need of the workers
In simple words: JRD used most of the company's money (75%) to help his workers and people who needed help.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to specific percentages and their corresponding purposes, especially in philanthropic contexts mentioned in the text.

Word Power

1. Watch the words given in column 'A' with their meanings in column 'B':

🎯 Exam Tip: Creating connections between words and their meanings helps improve vocabulary and comprehension. Practice with flashcards or matching games.

Language Practice

1. Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition from the box:

Question. He was born in Paris on July 29,1904. He was recruited into the French Army. He was sent to England. He received the Bharat Ratna Award in 1992 from the Indian Government.
Answer: He was born **in** Paris **on** July 29,1904. He was recruited **into** the French Army. He was sent **to** England. He received the Bharat Ratna Award **in** 1992 **from** the Indian Government. Prepositions help show the relationship between words in a sentence, like location or time.
In simple words: The correct filling of the blanks with prepositions makes the sentences grammatically sound and meaningful.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the context for each blank to choose the most fitting preposition (e.g., 'on' for specific dates, 'in' for years, 'into' for movement, 'from' for source).

2. Change the following Direct Speech into Indirect Speech

Question 1. Madhu said, “I am very busy now.” – Madhu said that she was very busy then.
Answer: Madhu said that she was very busy then. Changing from direct to indirect speech often involves altering pronouns, verb tenses, and time expressions.
In simple words: When Madhu's words are reported, "now" changes to "then" and the verb tense also changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember to change the tense of the verb (e.g., 'am' to 'was') and the time adverb ('now' to 'then') when converting direct speech to indirect speech.

Question 2. He said, "I go to school everyday.” – He said that he goes to school everyday.
Answer: He said that he goes to school everyday. For habitual actions or universal truths, the tense in indirect speech does not change. This is a key exception to the usual tense change rules.
In simple words: Since "goes to school everyday" is a habit, the verb tense stays the same even when reporting his words.

🎯 Exam Tip: For statements describing habitual actions or universal truths, the verb tense usually remains unchanged in indirect speech.

Question 3. Ram said, “Anand is a good boy.” – Ram said that Anand was a good boy.
Answer: Ram said that Anand was a good boy. The verb tense changes from present to past in indirect speech when the reporting verb is in the past tense. This is a standard rule for most conversions.
In simple words: When Ram's words are reported, the verb "is" changes to "was".

🎯 Exam Tip: If the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., "said"), change the present tense in direct speech to the corresponding past tense in indirect speech.

Question 4. The girl said, “I like singing.” – The girl said that she liked singing.
Answer: The girl said that she liked singing. Similar to other examples, the verb 'like' changes to 'liked' to reflect the past tense of the reporting verb 'said'. Also, the pronoun changes from 'I' to 'she'.
In simple words: When reporting what the girl said, "I like" changes to "she liked".

🎯 Exam Tip: Always adjust pronouns (I to she/he) and verb tenses (present to past) appropriately when converting statements into indirect speech.

Activity

Let's Read And Write Do It Yourself.

Find out the names of some great industrialists of India. Also mention the field in which they have contributed.

🎯 Exam Tip: When researching influential figures, focus on their primary area of impact and any specific innovations or companies they founded.