UP Board Solutions Class 12 English Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Excellent General English Grammar Book Class 12 Solutions Vocabulary Exercises

(1) Synonyms (पर्यायवाची)

Synonyms (समानार्थी शब्द)

Synonyms ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जो परस्पर लगभग समान अर्थ के हों। नीचे कुछ शब्द तथा उनके Synonyms दिये गये हैं :

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to words with specific exam years mentioned (like Adept, Adversity, and Abdicate) as board exams frequently repeat vocabulary from previous years.

Question 34. Write the synonyms of: Aid (सहायता)
Answer: help. Providing timely aid can make a significant difference in someone's life.
In simple words: Aid means to give help or support to someone who needs it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'aid' is often used as both a noun and a verb meaning to assist.

Question 35. Write the synonyms of: Beautiful (सुन्दर) (2009)
Answer: handsome, charming, pretty. These words describe something that is very pleasing to look at.
In simple words: Beautiful means looking very nice, attractive, or pleasing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'handsome' usually for men or buildings, and 'pretty' or 'beautiful' for women and nature.

Question 36. Write the synonyms of: Build (बनाना)
Answer: construct. To build means to put parts together to form a complete structure.
In simple words: Build means to make or construct something like a house or a bridge.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Construct' is a formal synonym for 'build' often used in engineering and construction contexts.

Question 37. Write the synonyms of: Brief (संक्षिप्त) (2009)
Answer: concise. A brief explanation is short and clear without wasting any words.
In simple words: Brief means short and to the point.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Concise' is a highly effective synonym to use in writing exams to show strong vocabulary.

Question 38. Write the synonyms of: Bravery (बहादुरी)
Answer: valour, boldness. Showing bravery means facing danger or pain without fear.
In simple words: Bravery means being brave and showing courage when facing danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Valour' is specifically used to describe great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.

Question 39. Write the synonyms of: Battle (युद्ध)
Answer: war, fight, combat. A battle is a fight between two groups or armies.
In simple words: Battle means a fight or war between opposing sides.

🎯 Exam Tip: While 'fight' is common, 'combat' and 'war' are stronger synonyms for formal writing.

Question 40. Write the synonyms of: Begin (आरम्भ करना)
Answer: start. To begin is to perform the first part of an action or activity.
In simple words: Begin means to start doing something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Begin' and 'start' are interchangeable, but 'begin' is slightly more formal.

Question 41. Write the synonyms of: Benefit (लाभ)
Answer: advantage, profit. A benefit is an advantage or profit gained from something.
In simple words: Benefit means a good effect or advantage you get from something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'advantage' when comparing situations, and 'profit' when talking about financial gain.

Question 42. Write the synonyms of: Big (बड़ा)
Answer: vast. Something that is big is large in size, degree, or amount.
In simple words: Big means very large or huge in size.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Vast' is an excellent synonym to describe extremely large open spaces or quantities.

Question 43. Write the synonyms of: Bold (बहादुर)
Answer: brave. A bold person is willing to take risks and show courage.
In simple words: Bold means brave and not afraid of taking risks.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Bold' can also mean strong and clear, like bold letters in print.

Question 44. Write the synonyms of: Banish (वनवास देना)
Answer: exile, expel, dismiss. To banish someone is to send them away from their country or home as an official punishment.
In simple words: Banish means to force someone to leave their home or country as a punishment.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Exile' is the most common synonym used when someone is sent away from their homeland.

Question 45. Write the synonyms of: Bane (नाश, क्षय)
Answer: curse, harm, mischief. A bane is a cause of great distress or annoyance.
In simple words: Bane means something that causes great trouble, ruin, or unhappiness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the phrase "bane of my existence" to easily recall that it means a major source of trouble.

Question 46. Write the synonyms of: Bear (सहन करना)
Answer: endure, tolerate, suffer. To bear means to accept or deal with a difficult situation.
In simple words: Bear means to tolerate or put up with something painful or difficult.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the verb 'bear' (to tolerate) with the animal 'bear'.

Question 47. Write the synonyms of: Belief (विश्वास)
Answer: faith, trust, confidence. A belief is an acceptance that something is true or exists.
In simple words: Belief means having trust or faith that something is true.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Faith' and 'trust' are strong synonyms that show deep confidence in someone or something.

Question 48. Write the synonyms of: Busy (व्यस्त) (2008, 10)
Answer: engaged, occupied, employed. Being busy means having a great deal to do.
In simple words: Busy means actively doing something and having no free time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Occupied' is a very common synonym used to describe someone who is currently busy with work.

Question 49. Write the synonyms of: Capture (पकड़ना)
Answer: arrest, seize. To capture means to take into one's possession or control by force.
In simple words: Capture means to catch or take control of someone or something by force.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Seize' is a powerful synonym often used for taking control of objects or territory quickly.

Question 50. Write the synonyms of: Champion (वीर, योद्धा)
Answer: victor, supporter, protector. A champion is a person who has defeated all opponents in a competition or fights for a cause.
In simple words: A champion is a winner or someone who defends and supports others.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'champion' can mean both a winner (victor) and someone who supports a cause (supporter).

Question 51. Write the synonyms of: Chaste (पवित्र)
Answer: pure, virtuous, clean. Something or someone that is chaste is morally pure and simple in style.
In simple words: Chaste means pure, clean, and morally good.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Pure' and 'virtuous' are the most common synonyms used to describe moral uprightness.

Question 52. Write the synonyms of: Conceal (छिपाना) (2013)
Answer: hide, veil, disguise. To conceal means to keep something secret or out of sight.
In simple words: Conceal means to hide something so that others cannot see or find it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Conceal' is the formal counterpart of the common verb 'hide'.

Question 53. Write the synonyms of: Corrupt (दुष्ट, भ्रष्ट)
Answer: wicked, bribed, dishonest. A corrupt person acts dishonestly in return for money or personal gain.
In simple words: Corrupt means being dishonest or doing bad things for personal benefit.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Dishonest' is a general synonym, while 'corrupt' specifically implies a misuse of power or position.

Question 54. Write the synonyms of: Candid (स्पष्ट, निष्कपट) (2010)
Answer: frank, impartial, straightforward. A candid person is truthful and straightforward in their speech.
In simple words: Candid means being honest, open, and direct in what you say.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Frank' is a very close synonym that describes honest and direct expression.

Question 55. Write the synonyms of: Cruel (निर्दयी)
Answer: merciless. A cruel person willfully causes pain or suffering to others without feeling any pity.
In simple words: Cruel means being very unkind and causing pain to others without caring.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Merciless' is a strong synonym that highlights a complete lack of mercy or pity.

Question 56. Write the synonyms of: Commend (सौंपना, प्रशंसा करना)
Answer: entrust, praise, approve, applaud. To commend means to formally praise someone or entrust them with a task.
In simple words: Commend means to praise someone for doing a good job or to hand over a responsibility.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'commend' has two main meanings: to praise (applaud) and to hand over (entrust).

Question 57. Write the synonyms of: Confess (गलती मान लेना) (2008, 09)
Answer: admit, accept. To confess means to admit that you have done something wrong or illegal.
In simple words: Confess means to openly admit a mistake or a crime.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Admit' is the most common synonym used when acknowledging a truth or mistake.

Question 58. Write the synonyms of: Concern (चिन्ता)
Answer: anxiety, worry. Concern is a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone or something.
In simple words: Concern means feeling worried or caring about a situation or person.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Anxiety' represents a stronger, more stressful form of concern or worry.

Question 59. Write the synonyms of: Conflict (संघर्ष)
Answer: strife, clash, fight. A conflict is a serious disagreement or argument between people or groups.
In simple words: Conflict means a fight, clash, or strong disagreement between opposing sides.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Strife' is a literary synonym for conflict that refers to angry or bitter disagreement.

Question 60. Write the synonyms of: Calamity (आपदा) (2011)
Answer: disaster. A calamity is an event causing great and sudden damage or distress.
In simple words: Calamity means a sudden, terrible event like a flood or earthquake that causes great damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Disaster' is the most direct and widely used synonym for calamity.

Question 61. Write the synonyms of: Conquer (जीतना)
Answer: win, overcome, triumph. To conquer means to take control of a place or people by military force, or to overcome a challenge.
In simple words: Conquer means to win a victory over an enemy or to overcome a big difficulty.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Triumph' is often used to describe a great, celebrated victory or achievement.

Question 62. Write the synonyms of: Considerate (सहानुभूतिपूर्ण)
Answer: thoughtful, kind, sympathetic. A considerate person is careful not to inconvenience or hurt others.
In simple words: Considerate means thinking about other people's feelings and being kind to them.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Thoughtful' is a highly common synonym that describes someone who minds the needs of others.

Question 63. Write the synonyms of: Cost (मूल्य)
Answer: price. The cost is the amount of money needed to buy, do, or make something.
In simple words: Cost means the price you have to pay to buy something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Price' is the most direct synonym for the monetary value of an item.

Question 64. Write the synonyms of: Contribute (योगदान देना) (2010)
Answer: subscribe, help, assist. To contribute means to give something, such as money or help, to achieve a common goal.
In simple words: Contribute means to give money, help, or ideas to a common cause.

🎯 Exam Tip: In older contexts, 'subscribe' was commonly used to mean contributing money to a cause or fund.

Question 65. Write the synonyms of: Convict (अपराधी)
Answer: captive, criminal, prisoner. A convict is a person found guilty of a criminal offense by a court of law.
In simple words: A convict is someone who has been proven guilty of a crime and sent to prison.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Prisoner' and 'criminal' are direct synonyms, though 'convict' specifically implies a legal declaration of guilt.

Question 66. Write the synonyms of: Courage (साहस) (2010)
Answer: bravery, valour, boldness. Courage is the ability to do something that frightens you.
In simple words: Courage means being brave and facing fear or danger without backing down.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Bravery' is the most common synonym, while 'valour' is used for heroic courage in battle.

Question 67. Write the synonyms of: Cultivate (उगाना)
Answer: grow, develop. To cultivate means to prepare and use land for crops, or to develop a skill or quality.
In simple words: Cultivate means to grow crops or to develop a good habit or skill over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Cultivate' can be used literally for farming (growing crops) or figuratively for personal growth (developing skills).

Question 68. Write the synonyms of: Cunning (चालाक)
Answer: witty, shrewd, crafty. A cunning person is good at getting what they want, often by tricking others.
In simple words: Cunning means being very clever or crafty, sometimes in a tricky or dishonest way.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Crafty' and 'shrewd' are excellent synonyms that capture the clever but tricky nature of being cunning.

Question 69. Write the synonyms of: Curtail (कम करना)
Answer: reduce, shorten, diminish. To curtail means to reduce in extent or quantity, or to impose a restriction on something.
In simple words: Curtail means to cut down, shorten, or reduce something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Reduce' is the most common synonym, while 'curtail' is often used for limiting rights, spending, or time.

Question 70. Write the synonyms of: Carriage (रेलगाड़ी का डिब्बा)
Answer: coach. A carriage is a separate section of a train for carrying passengers.
In simple words: Carriage refers to a passenger compartment or coach of a train.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Coach' is the standard modern synonym used for a train carriage.

Question 71. Write the synonyms of: Consolation (सान्त्वना)
Answer: solace, comfort. Consolation is the comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment.
In simple words: Consolation means giving comfort or support to someone who is sad or disappointed.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Solace' is a beautiful, formal synonym that refers to finding comfort in times of sadness.

Question 72. Write the synonyms of: Creed (विश्वास)
Answer: beliefs (religious). A creed is a system of religious belief or a formal statement of Christian beliefs.
In simple words: Creed means a set of religious beliefs or principles that guide someone's life.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Creed' is specifically used to describe formal religious or philosophical beliefs.

Question 73. Write the synonyms of: Custom (रीति-रिवाज)
Answer: usage. A custom is a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something in a society.
In simple words: Custom means a traditional practice or habit followed by a group of people.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Usage' is a synonym that refers to the established way of doing things or using words over time.

Question 74. Write the synonyms of: Confer (प्रदान करना)
Answer: bestow. To confer means to grant or bestow a title, degree, benefit, or right.
In simple words: Confer means to officially give or present an honor, award, or title to someone.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Bestow' is a formal synonym often used when presenting high honors or gifts.

Question 75. Write the synonyms of: Crime (अपराध)
Answer: offence. A crime is an action or omission that constitutes an offense and is punishable by law.
In simple words: Crime means an illegal act that is against the law and can be punished.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Offence' is the standard legal synonym for a crime or illegal act.

Question 76. Write the synonyms of: Contentment (सन्तुष्टि) (2011, 16)
Answer: satisfaction. Contentment is a state of happiness and satisfaction with what one has.
In simple words: Contentment means feeling happy, peaceful, and satisfied with your life.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Satisfaction' is the most direct and common synonym for contentment.

Question 77. Write the synonyms of: Discover (खोज करना)
Answer: invent. To discover means to find unexpectedly or during a search, while invent means to create something completely new.
In simple words: Discover means to find something that already existed but was unknown before.

🎯 Exam Tip: Although often grouped together, remember that 'discover' means finding something existing, while 'invent' means creating something new.

Question 78. Write the synonyms of: Deny (मना करना) (2011)
Answer: refuse. To deny means to state that one refuses to admit the truth or to refuse to give something requested.
In simple words: Deny means to say 'no' to something or refuse to accept it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Refuse' is a very close synonym, though 'deny' is often used specifically for declaring something untrue.

Question 79. Write the synonyms of: Doubt (सन्देह करना)
Answer: suspect. To doubt means to feel uncertain about something or to lack confidence in it.
In simple words: Doubt means to feel unsure about something or to suspect that it might not be true.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Suspect' is a strong synonym used when you believe something might be true but have no proof yet.

Question 80. Write the synonyms of: Defend (रक्षा करना)
Answer: protect. To defend means to keep safe from harm or danger.
In simple words: Defend means to protect someone or something from an attack or danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Protect' is the most common and direct synonym for defend.

Question 81. Write the synonyms of: Drown (डूबना)
Answer: sink. To drown means to die through submersion in and inhalation of water, or to sink completely.
In simple words: Drown means to sink under water and be unable to breathe.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Sink' is used for objects, while 'drown' is specifically used for living beings that cannot breathe underwater.

Question 82. Determination (निश्चय)
Answer: resolution, will. Having strong determination helps a person overcome difficult obstacles in life.
In simple words: Determination means having a firm decision to do something and not giving up.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'resolution' as a key synonym, which is often used for firm decisions like New Year resolutions.

Question 83. Deliberate (जान-बूझकर)
Answer: wilful, cautious, intentional. A deliberate action is done on purpose after careful thought.
In simple words: Deliberate means doing something on purpose rather than by accident.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Intentional' is the most common synonym for deliberate in board exams.

Question 84. Damage (नुकसान या चोट पहुँचाना)
Answer: injure, hurt, harm. Severe storms can cause great damage to old buildings and trees.
In simple words: Damage means to harm or break something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on 'harm' and 'injure' as direct synonyms for damage.

Question 85. Dead (मृत) (2016)
Answer: lifeless, deceased, obsolete. The term deceased is often used in formal or legal contexts to refer to a dead person.
In simple words: Dead means something that is no longer alive.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Lifeless' and 'deceased' are highly important synonyms frequently asked in exams.

Question 86. Decide (तय करना)
Answer: settle, finalize, determine, fix. It is important to decide your goals early to plan your studies effectively.
In simple words: Decide means to make a final choice about something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Finalize' and 'determine' are formal synonyms for decide.

Question 87. Deduce (निष्कर्ष निकालना)
Answer: infer, derive, conclude, reckon. We can deduce the meaning of a difficult word from the context of the sentence.
In simple words: Deduce means to reach a logical conclusion using the information you have.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Infer' and 'conclude' are the most academic synonyms for deduce.

Question 88. Deed (कार्य)
Answer: act, work, action, achievement. Doing a good deed every day brings happiness to others.
In simple words: A deed is an action that someone does, especially a good or brave one.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate 'deed' with 'action' or 'act' for quick recall.

Question 89. Defer (टालना)
Answer: suspend, postpone, delay. The committee decided to defer the meeting until next week due to heavy rains.
In simple words: Defer means to delay or put off an event to a later time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Postpone' is the most common synonym for defer.

Question 90. Dejection (निराशा, दुःख)
Answer: depression, sorrow, grief. He walked away in deep dejection after losing the final match.
In simple words: Dejection is a feeling of sadness or disappointment.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Sorrow' and 'grief' are excellent synonyms to write in exams.

Question 91. Delay (देर करना)
Answer: put off, postpone, defer. It is wise not to delay your exam preparation until the last minute.
In simple words: Delay means to make something happen later than planned.

🎯 Exam Tip: Notice how 'delay', 'postpone', and 'defer' are all synonyms of each other.

Question 92. Delightful (आनन्ददायक) (2013, 15)
Answer: pleasing, charming, enjoyable. Spending time in a beautiful garden is always a delightful experience.
In simple words: Delightful means very pleasant, lovely, or enjoyable.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Pleasing' and 'enjoyable' are simple and highly scoring synonyms.

Question 93. Deliver (देना, छोड़ना)
Answer: give relieve, rescue, discharge. The postman arrived early to deliver the important letters.
In simple words: Deliver means to carry and hand over something to the correct person.

🎯 Exam Tip: Depending on context, deliver can mean to hand over ('give') or to set free ('rescue').

Question 94. Demolish (नष्ट करना)
Answer: destroy, wreck. The old, unsafe building was demolished by the city authorities.
In simple words: Demolish means to completely knock down or destroy a structure.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Destroy' is the primary synonym for demolish.

Question 95. Denounce (दोषी ठहराना)
Answer: accuse, curse, decry. The leaders gathered to publicly denounce the unfair new rules.
In simple words: Denounce means to strongly criticize or accuse someone or something publicly.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Accuse' is a strong synonym that examiners look for.

Question 96. Depict (वर्णन करना)
Answer: exhibit, portray, describe, show. The paintings on the wall depict scenes from ancient history.
In simple words: Depict means to show or describe something using words or pictures.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Portray' and 'describe' are key synonyms for depict.

Question 97. Derogatory (अपमान कर्ता)
Answer: defamatory, discreditable, humiliating. We should never use derogatory remarks against anyone.
In simple words: Derogatory means showing a disrespectful or insulting attitude.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Humiliating' and 'defamatory' are strong synonyms for derogatory.

Question 98. Desolate (निर्जन)
Answer: barren, lonely, forlorn. The travelers found themselves in a desolate desert with no water in sight.
In simple words: Desolate describes a place that is empty, lonely, and has no people.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Barren' and 'lonely' are the most common synonyms for desolate.

Question 99. Despise (तिरस्कार करना)
Answer: scorn, disdain, dislike. Honest people despise lying and cheating under any circumstances.
In simple words: Despise means to feel a strong dislike or lack of respect for someone or something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Dislike' and 'scorn' are excellent synonyms for despise.

Question 100. Destination (नियत स्थान)
Answer: goal, end, target. After a long journey, the travelers finally reached their destination.
In simple words: Destination is the place where someone is going or where something is being sent.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Goal' and 'target' are great figurative synonyms for destination.

Question 101. Destroy (नष्ट करना)
Answer: demolish, ruin. Wildfires can quickly destroy large areas of green forests.
In simple words: Destroy means to damage something so badly that it cannot be used or fixed.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Ruin' and 'demolish' are direct synonyms for destroy.

Question 102. Devastate (नष्ट करना)
Answer: destroy, ruin, pillage. Earthquakes have the power to devastate entire cities in a few seconds.
In simple words: Devastate means to cause great destruction or damage to something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Destroy' and 'ruin' are the primary synonyms for devastate.

Question 103. Develop (बढ़ना, बढ़ाना)
Answer: grow, produce, cultivate. Regular exercise helps to develop strong muscles and good health.
In simple words: Develop means to grow, change, or become more advanced over time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Grow' and 'cultivate' are excellent synonyms for develop.

Question 104. Devotee (भक्त)
Answer: worshipper, votary, disciple. The temple was filled with many a devotee offering prayers.
In simple words: A devotee is a person who strongly loves, supports, or worships someone or something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Worshipper' and 'disciple' are highly relevant synonyms.

Question 105. Dexterous (कुशल)
Answer: skillful, clever, adept. The surgeon's dexterous hands performed the complex operation successfully.
In simple words: Dexterous means showing great skill and cleverness, especially with your hands.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Skillful' and 'adept' are key synonyms for dexterous.

Question 106. Diminish (घटाना)
Answer: reduce, waive. Sharing your worries with friends can help diminish your stress.
In simple words: Diminish means to make or become smaller or less important.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Reduce' is the most common and easy-to-remember synonym for diminish.

Question 107. Disaster (विपत्ति) (2014)
Answer: calamity, misfortune, tragedy. The sudden flood was a major disaster for the farming community.
In simple words: A disaster is a sudden event that causes great damage, harm, or suffering.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Calamity' and 'tragedy' are very important synonyms for exams.

Question 108. Discard (त्यागना)
Answer: abandon, reject. You should discard old, expired medicines safely.
In simple words: Discard means to throw away or get rid of something you no longer need.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Reject' and 'abandon' are strong synonyms for discard.

Question 109. Discord (विरोध, कलह)
Answer: disagreement, strife. Family discord can be resolved through open and honest communication.
In simple words: Discord means a lack of agreement or harmony between people.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Disagreement' and 'strife' are key synonyms for discord.

Question 110. Display (प्रदर्शन) (2012, 16)
Answer: disclose, show. The museum has a beautiful display of ancient coins and weapons.
In simple words: Display means to show something clearly so that people can see it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Show' is the most common synonym for display.

Question 111. Dispute (झगड़ा)
Answer: quarrel, argument, controversy. The neighbors settled their land dispute peacefully with the help of elders.
In simple words: A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Quarrel' and 'argument' are excellent synonyms for dispute.

Question 112. Distress (परेशानी) (2009)
Answer: grief, trouble, discomfort. Seeing animals in distress makes many people feel sad.
In simple words: Distress is a feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Grief' and 'trouble' are highly scoring synonyms for distress.

Question 113. Distribute (बाँटना)
Answer: divide. The teacher asked the monitor to distribute the notebooks to the class.
In simple words: Distribute means to give shares of something to a group of people.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Divide' is a direct synonym for distribute.

Question 114. Diversity (विभिन्नता)
Answer: variety, difference. India is known worldwide for its rich cultural diversity.
In simple words: Diversity means having many different types of things or people together.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Variety' is the most common synonym for diversity.

Question 115. Divine (ईश्वरीय)
Answer: Godlike, superhuman, heavenly. The ancient temple had a peaceful and divine atmosphere.
In simple words: Divine describes something that comes from or is connected to God.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Heavenly' and 'Godlike' are excellent synonyms for divine.

Question 116. Dreadful (भयानक)
Answer: fearful, awful, horrible. The accident was a dreadful sight that shocked everyone.
In simple words: Dreadful means very bad, scary, or unpleasant.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Horrible' and 'awful' are common synonyms for dreadful.

Question 117. Dull (नीरस)
Answer: monotonous, boring. The long lecture was so dull that many students fell asleep.
In simple words: Dull means not interesting, exciting, or bright.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Boring' and 'monotonous' are key synonyms for dull.

Question 118. Dynamic (गतिशील)
Answer: energetic, active, forceful. A dynamic leader can inspire the entire team to work harder.
In simple words: Dynamic describes someone who is full of energy, ideas, and active power.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Energetic' and 'active' are the best synonyms for dynamic.

Question 119. Enemy (दुश्मन)
Answer: foe. Anger is often considered a person's greatest inner enemy.
In simple words: An enemy is a person who hates or fights against you.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Foe' is the classic literary synonym for enemy.

Question 120. Effort (प्रयत्न)
Answer: attempt, exertion. It takes a lot of effort and practice to learn a new language.
In simple words: Effort is the physical or mental energy needed to do something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Attempt' is a very common synonym for effort.

Question 121. Earnest (गम्भीर) (2018)
Answer: serious. The student made an earnest request to the teacher for extra help.
In simple words: Earnest means being very sincere, serious, and honest about something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Serious' is the primary synonym for earnest.

Question 122. Efficient (कार्य कुशल) (2016)
Answer: systematic. An efficient worker completes tasks quickly without wasting time or resources.
In simple words: Efficient means working well and quickly without wasting any time or energy.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Systematic' is a key synonym for efficient.

Question 123. Enormous (बड़ा)
Answer: huge, tremendous. Elephants are enormous animals that live in the forests of Asia and Africa.
In simple words: Enormous means extremely large in size, amount, or degree.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Huge' and 'tremendous' are highly important synonyms for enormous.

Question 124. Enthusiasm (उत्साह) (2009)
Answer: zeal, fervour. The children showed great enthusiasm during the school sports day.
In simple words: Enthusiasm is a feeling of energetic interest and excitement about doing something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Zeal' is a very common synonym for enthusiasm in board exams.

Question 125. Entreat (प्रार्थना करना)
Answer: request, implore. The prisoners began to entreat the king for mercy and forgiveness.
In simple words: Entreat means to ask someone in a very serious and emotional way to do something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Request' and 'implore' are direct synonyms for entreat.

Question 126. Eradicate (समाप्त करना, उखाड़ना)
Answer: uproot, abolish. Governments work hard to eradicate poverty and diseases from society.
In simple words: Eradicate means to completely destroy or get rid of something bad.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Uproot' and 'abolish' are key synonyms for eradicate.

Question 127. Esteem (सम्मान)
Answer: honour, respect, regard. Teachers are held in high esteem by their students and society.
In simple words: Esteem is a feeling of respect and admiration for someone.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Respect' and 'honour' are the most common synonyms for esteem.

Question 128. Eternal (शाश्वत) (2012)
Answer: immortal, endless, everlasting. True love and friendship are often described as eternal bonds.
In simple words: Eternal means lasting forever, with no beginning or end.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Everlasting' and 'immortal' are highly important synonyms for eternal.

Important Synonyms List

Question 177. Ideal (आदर्श) (2015)
Answer: model, example. An ideal represents the best possible standard or a perfect model to follow.
In simple words: An ideal is a perfect example or model that someone wants to copy or follow.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember "model" as a direct synonym for "ideal" to score well in exams.

Question 178. Illustrious (प्रसिद्ध)
Answer: famous, eminent, distinguished. This term is used to describe someone who is highly respected and well-known for their achievements.
In simple words: Illustrious means very famous and respected for doing great things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate "illustrious" with "famous" and "distinguished" as these are frequently asked synonyms.

Question 179. Immense (अत्यधिक)
Answer: huge, vast, tremendous. It refers to something that is extremely large in size, scale, or degree.
In simple words: Immense means extremely large, huge, or massive.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use "huge" or "vast" as direct synonyms for "immense" in exams.

Question 180. Immortal (अमर)
Answer: everlasting, eternal, deathless. It describes something or someone that lives forever and never dies.
In simple words: Immortal means living forever and never dying.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix "im-" means "not", so "im-mortal" literally means "not mortal" (never-ending).

Question 181. Impediment (रुकावट)
Answer: hinderance, obstacle, obstruction. It refers to something that makes it difficult for a person or thing to move forward or progress.
In simple words: An impediment is something that blocks your way or slows you down.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Obstacle" and "hinderance" are the most common synonyms tested for "impediment".

Question 182. Incessant (लगातार)
Answer: endless, unceasing. It describes something unpleasant that continues without stopping or pausing.
In simple words: Incessant means continuing without stopping, like continuous rain.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of "incessant" as "non-stop" or "unceasing" to easily remember its meaning.

Question 183. Incite (उत्तेजित करना)
Answer: provoke, instigate. It means to encourage or stir up violent or unlawful behavior.
In simple words: To incite means to provoke or encourage someone to do something, usually something bad.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Provoke" is the primary synonym for "incite" in multiple-choice questions.

Question 184. Independence (स्वतंत्रता)
Answer: freedom, liberty. It is the state of being free from outside control or influence.
In simple words: Independence means having the freedom to make your own choices without being controlled by others.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Freedom" and "liberty" are standard synonyms that are highly interchangeable with "independence".

Question 185. Indifference (अरुचि)
Answer: apathy, unconcern. It is a lack of interest, feeling, or sympathy towards something.
In simple words: Indifference means not caring about something or having no interest in it.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Apathy" is a high-level synonym for "indifference" that frequently appears in competitive exams.

Question 186. Industrious (मेहनती)
Answer: hardworking, diligent. It describes a person who works hard and puts a lot of effort into their tasks.
In simple words: Industrious means being very hardworking and putting effort into your work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse "industrious" (hardworking) with "industrial" (related to factories).

Question 187. Junk (कबाड़)
Answer: rubbish, refuse. It refers to old or discarded articles that are considered useless or of little value.
In simple words: Junk refers to useless things or trash that we throw away.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Rubbish" and "refuse" are common synonyms for waste or junk.

Question 188. Knave (दुष्ट)
Answer: rascal, rogue. It refers to a dishonest or unscrupulous man.
In simple words: A knave is a dishonest or tricky person who cannot be trusted.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Rogue" and "rascal" are classic literary synonyms for "knave".

Question 189. Legal (कानूनी)
Answer: legitimate, lawful. It describes something that is permitted or required by law.
In simple words: Legal means allowed by the law of the country.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Lawful" and "legitimate" are direct synonyms for "legal".

Question 190. Lack (कमी)
Answer: shortage, need, want. It is the state of not having enough of something.
In simple words: Lack means not having enough of what you need, like a shortage of water.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Shortage" is the most common synonym for "lack" in modern English tests.

Question 191. Lament (विलाप करना) (2016)
Answer: mourn. It means to express deep grief or sorrow for someone or something.
In simple words: To lament means to feel or express great sadness or grief over a loss.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Mourn" is the direct synonym for "lament" and is highly tested.

Question 192. Languish (कमजोर करना)
Answer: weaken, fail, decline. It means to grow weak, lose energy, or suffer in an unpleasant situation.
In simple words:

Important Synonyms and Vocabulary List

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to words with board exam years marked next to them (e.g., Pray, Prevent, Reveal, Rescue) as these high-frequency vocabulary terms are highly likely to be repeated in upcoming exams.

Synonyms List

(2) Antonyms (विलोम)

Antonyms ऐसे शब्द होते हैं जिनका अर्थ परस्पर उल्टा होता है। नीचे कुछ मुख्य शब्द तथा उनके विलोम (Antonyms Or Opposites) दिये गये हैं :

Words and Antonyms with Hindi Meanings

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the parts of speech (like Noun or Verb forms) when writing antonyms, as examiners look for matching grammatical forms to award full marks.

Question 36. What is the antonym of 'Barbaric'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Barbaric' (जंगली, असभ्य) is Civilized (सभ्य). This word describes someone who is polite and behaves well in society.
In simple words: 'Barbaric' means wild or uncivilized, while 'Civilized' means polite, educated, and well-behaved.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'Civilized' is the opposite of 'Barbaric' or 'Savage'. Writing both meanings helps secure full marks.

Question 37. What is the antonym of 'Base'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Base' (नीच) is Noble (सज्जन). It represents high moral character and dignity.
In simple words: 'Base' refers to low or dishonorable behavior, whereas 'Noble' refers to honest, kind, and honorable behavior.

🎯 Exam Tip: In antonym questions, 'Noble' is a very common opposite for words representing low moral standards like 'Base' or 'Vile'.

Question 38. What is the antonym of 'Beautiful'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Beautiful' (सुन्दर) is Ugly (बदसूरत). It is used to describe something that is not pleasing to look at.
In simple words: 'Beautiful' means very pretty or nice to look at, while 'Ugly' means unpleasant or not nice to look at.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a basic antonym pair; ensure correct spelling of 'Beautiful' and 'Ugly' in your answers.

Question 39. What is the antonym of 'Boon'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Boon' (वरदान) is Curse (श्राप). A boon is something helpful or beneficial, while a curse causes trouble or harm.
In simple words: A 'Boon' is a blessing or a helpful gift, whereas a 'Curse' is something that causes harm or bad luck.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Boon' and 'Curse' are frequently asked in board exams. Memorize this pair as it is highly scoring.

Question 40. What is the antonym of 'Blunt'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Blunt' (बिना धार का) is Sharp (नुकीला). It refers to an edge or point that can cut or pierce easily.
In simple words: 'Blunt' means not sharp (like a butter knife), while 'Sharp' means having a thin edge that cuts easily (like a razor).

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Blunt' can also mean speaking too directly, but its primary physical antonym is 'Sharp'.

Question 41. What is the antonym of 'Belief'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Belief' (विश्वास) is Doubt (संदेह). It represents a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction.
In simple words: 'Belief' means trusting that something is true, while 'Doubt' means being unsure or not trusting it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the noun form; the antonym of the noun 'Belief' is 'Doubt', and the verb 'Believe' is 'Disbelieve' or 'Doubt'.

Question 42. What is the antonym of 'Beneficial'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Beneficial' (लाभकारी) is Harmful (हानिकारक). It refers to something that causes damage or injury.
In simple words: 'Beneficial' means something that is good or helpful for you, while 'Harmful' means something that causes hurt or damage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'Harmful' as the direct opposite of 'Beneficial' to secure full marks in vocabulary tests.

Question 43. What is the antonym of 'Big'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Big' (बड़ा) is Small (छोटा). It denotes something of limited size or quantity.
In simple words: 'Big' means large in size, while 'Small' means little or tiny.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a very simple antonym pair; ensure you do not make spelling mistakes.

Question 44. What is the antonym of 'Blame'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Blame' (दोष देना) is Praise (प्रशंसा करना). It means to express warm approval or admiration of someone.
In simple words: 'Blame' means saying someone did something wrong, while 'Praise' means saying someone did a great job.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Praise' is the most accurate antonym for 'Blame' in both noun and verb forms.

Question 45. What is the antonym of 'Boon'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Boon' (वरदान) is Curse (अभिशाप). It represents a cause of great harm or misfortune.
In simple words: 'Boon' is a great benefit or blessing, whereas 'Curse' is something that brings trouble or misery.

🎯 Exam Tip: This word is repeated often in exams; 'Curse' or 'Bane' are both acceptable antonyms for 'Boon'.

Question 46. What is the antonym of 'Care'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Care' (देखभाल करना) is Neglect (उपेक्षा करना). It means to fail to look after or give proper attention to something.
In simple words: 'Care' means looking after someone or something lovingly, while 'Neglect' means ignoring them and not taking care of them.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Neglect' is the standard antonym for 'Care' in academic English exams.

Question 47. What is the antonym of 'Cheerful'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cheerful' (प्रसन्न) is Cheerless or Gloomy (दुःखी). These words describe a state of sadness or lack of brightness.
In simple words: 'Cheerful' means happy and full of energy, while 'Gloomy' or 'Cheerless' means sad, dark, and without joy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'Cheerless' and 'Gloomy' are correct antonyms. Writing either will get you full marks.

Question 48. What is the antonym of 'Courageous'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Courageous' (साहसी) is Fearful (भयभीत). It describes someone who is full of fear or easily scared.
In simple words: 'Courageous' means being brave and facing danger without fear, while 'Fearful' means being scared and afraid.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Cowardly' is also a common antonym for 'Courageous', but 'Fearful' is highly appropriate as well.

Question 49. What is the antonym of 'Compliance'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Compliance' (पालन) is Refusal (अस्वीकृत). It means the act of saying no or declining to follow a rule or request.
In simple words: 'Compliance' means agreeing to follow rules or orders, while 'Refusal' means saying 'no' and refusing to follow them.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Compliance' and 'Refusal' are formal nouns. Make sure to match the noun form in your answer.

Question 50. What is the antonym of 'Confess'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Confess' (स्वीकार करना) is Deny (अस्वीकार करना). It means to state that something is not true or to refuse to admit something.
In simple words: 'Confess' means admitting that you did something wrong, while 'Deny' means saying that you did not do it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'Deny' is the direct opposite of 'Confess' or 'Admit'.

Question 51. What is the antonym of 'Close'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Close' (निकट) is Far (दूर). It refers to a great distance in space or time.
In simple words: 'Close' means nearby or next to you, while 'Far' means a long distance away.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Distant' is also a suitable antonym for 'Close' when referring to physical distance.

Question 52. What is the antonym of 'Certain'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Certain' (निश्चित) is Doubtful (संदेहजनक). It describes something that is uncertain or unlikely to happen.
In simple words: 'Certain' means being 100% sure about something, while 'Doubtful' means having doubts or not being sure.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Uncertain' is also a correct antonym, but 'Doubtful' is highly preferred in board exams.

Question 53. What is the antonym of 'Cheap'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cheap' (सस्ता) is Costly (महंगा). It refers to something that costs a lot of money.
In simple words: 'Cheap' means low in price, while 'Costly' or 'Expensive' means high in price.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'Costly' and 'Expensive' are correct antonyms for 'Cheap'.

Question 54. What is the antonym of 'Clever'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Clever' (चालाक) is Stupid or Dull (मूर्ख). These words describe someone who lacks intelligence or quick learning abilities.
In simple words: 'Clever' means smart and quick to understand things, while 'Stupid' or 'Dull' means slow to learn or not smart.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Foolish' is another excellent antonym for 'Clever' that you can use in exams.

Question 55. What is the antonym of 'Clear'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Clear' (साफ) is Cloudy (बादलों से ढका हुआ). It refers to a sky filled with clouds or something that is not transparent.
In simple words: 'Clear' means bright and easy to see through, while 'Cloudy' means covered with clouds or hard to see through.

🎯 Exam Tip: Depending on context, 'Vague' or 'Opaque' can also be antonyms, but 'Cloudy' is the direct physical opposite.

Question 56. What is the antonym of 'Clean'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Clean' (साफ) is Dirty (गन्दा). It refers to something covered with dirt, dust, or stains.
In simple words: 'Clean' means free from dirt, while 'Dirty' means messy or soiled.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a fundamental antonym pair. Ensure correct spelling of both words.

Question 57. What is the antonym of 'Coarse'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Coarse' (मोटा) is Fine (बारीक). It describes something that is delicate, thin, or of high quality.
In simple words: 'Coarse' means rough or thick in texture, while 'Fine' means smooth, thin, or very delicate.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Coarse' and 'Fine' are often used to describe textures of cloth, sand, or powder.

Question 58. What is the antonym of 'Cold'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cold' (ठण्डा) is Hot (गर्म). It refers to a high temperature.
In simple words: 'Cold' means having a low temperature (like ice), while 'Hot' means having a high temperature (like fire).

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a basic temperature antonym pair. Keep it simple and accurate.

Question 59. What is the antonym of 'Cool'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cool' (ठण्डा) is Warm (गर्म). It refers to a moderate degree of heat.
In simple words: 'Cool' is slightly cold in a pleasant way, while 'Warm' is slightly hot in a comfortable way.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse 'Cool/Warm' with 'Cold/Hot'. They represent different levels of temperature.

Question 60. What is the antonym of 'Common'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Common' (साधारण) is Rare (अपूर्व, अनूठा). It refers to something that is uncommon or hard to find.
In simple words: 'Common' means something you see everywhere, while 'Rare' means something very special and hard to find.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Uncommon' is also correct, but 'Rare' is a stronger and more frequently preferred antonym.

Question 61. What is the antonym of 'Conceal'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Conceal' (छिपाना) is Reveal (प्रकट करना). It means to make something known or visible to others.
In simple words: 'Conceal' means to hide something so no one can see it, while 'Reveal' means to show it clearly to everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a very popular board exam question. Remember that 'Reveal' is the exact opposite of 'Conceal'.

Question 62. What is the antonym of 'Construction'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Construction' (निर्माण) is Destruction (विनाश). It refers to the action of damaging or destroying something completely.
In simple words: 'Construction' means building something up, while 'Destruction' means breaking or destroying it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both words end with the suffix '-tion', which helps you remember they are matching noun forms.

Question 63. What is the antonym of 'Casual'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Casual' (आकस्मिक) is Regular (नियमित). It refers to something done or happening at uniform intervals.
In simple words: 'Casual' means happening by chance or occasionally, while 'Regular' means happening consistently and on time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Formal' can also be an antonym for 'Casual' (e.g., casual clothes vs. formal clothes), but 'Regular' is correct in the context of frequency.

Question 64. What is the antonym of 'Conquer'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Conquer' (जीतना) is Surrender or Yield (झुकना, हार मानना). It means to stop fighting and admit defeat.
In simple words: 'Conquer' means to win or take control by force, while 'Surrender' means to give up and accept defeat.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Surrender' is the most common and highly recommended antonym for 'Conquer' in exams.

Question 65. What is the antonym of 'Cruel'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cruel' (निष्ठुर) is Kind or Merciful (दयावान). It describes someone who shows care, compassion, and forgiveness to others.
In simple words: 'Cruel' means hurting others without caring, while 'Kind' or 'Merciful' means being gentle and helping others.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Kind' is a simple and universally accepted antonym for 'Cruel'.

Question 66. What is the antonym of 'Conclude'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Conclude' (निष्कर्ष निकालना, अन्त करना) is Begin (आरम्भ करना). It means to start doing something.
In simple words: 'Conclude' means to finish or bring something to an end, while 'Begin' means to start it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Begin' or 'Start' are both correct antonyms for 'Conclude'.

Question 67. What is the antonym of 'Confidence'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Confidence' (विश्वास) is Diffidence (अविश्वास). It refers to a lack of self-confidence or shyness.
In simple words: 'Confidence' means feeling sure of your abilities, while 'Diffidence' means feeling shy and unsure of yourself.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Diffidence' is a high-scoring vocabulary word. Memorize its spelling carefully.

Question 68. What is the antonym of 'Continue'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Continue' (जारी रखना) is Discontinue (जारी न रखना). It means to stop doing or providing something.
In simple words: 'Continue' means to keep going without stopping, while 'Discontinue' means to stop doing it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adding the prefix 'dis-' to 'continue' is the easiest way to form its antonym.

Question 69. What is the antonym of 'Complicated'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Complicated' (जटिल) is Simple (साधारण). It refers to something that is easy to understand or do.
In simple words: 'Complicated' means hard to understand because it has many parts, while 'Simple' means easy and straightforward.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Easy' is also acceptable, but 'Simple' is the most precise antonym for 'Complicated'.

Question 70. What is the antonym of 'Civilized'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Civilized' (सभ्य) is Savage (असभ्य). It refers to someone or something that is wild, untamed, or uncivilized.
In simple words: 'Civilized' means polite and living in an organized society, while 'Savage' means wild and rough.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Savage' or 'Uncivilized' are both correct antonyms for 'Civilized'.

Question 71. What is the antonym of 'Compare'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Compare' (तुलना करना) is Contrast (अन्तर बताना). It means to look at things to see how they are different.
In simple words: 'Compare' means finding how things are similar, while 'Contrast' means finding how they are different.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Compare and Contrast' is a common phrase in English; remembering this phrase helps you recall the antonym.

Question 72. What is the antonym of 'Consent'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Consent' (सहमति) is Dissent (असहमति). It refers to holding or expressing opinions that are different from those commonly held.
In simple words: 'Consent' means agreeing to something, while 'Dissent' means disagreeing or saying no.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Dissent' is a formal word. Make sure to spell it correctly with a double 's'.

Question 73. What is the antonym of 'Concord'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Concord' (संयोग) is Discord (विरोध). It refers to disagreement or lack of harmony between people.
In simple words: 'Concord' means agreement and peace, while 'Discord' means disagreement and fighting.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Concord' and 'Discord' are classic antonyms often tested in vocabulary sections.

Question 74. What is the antonym of 'Converge'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Converge' (एक केन्द्र में मिलना) is Diverge (एक केन्द्र से विस्तृत होना). It means to separate and go in different directions.
In simple words: 'Converge' means coming together at one point, while 'Diverge' means splitting apart and going different ways.

🎯 Exam Tip: These terms are also used in science and math, making them highly important to learn.

Question 75. What is the antonym of 'Creation'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Creation' (सृष्टि) is Destruction (विनाश). It refers to the act of destroying or ruining something.
In simple words: 'Creation' means making or bringing something new into existence, while 'Destruction' means wiping it out.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Destruction' is the standard antonym for 'Creation' in board exams.

Question 76. What is the antonym of 'Cautious'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Cautious' (सावधान) is Negligent (असावधान). It describes someone who fails to take proper care in doing something.
In simple words: 'Cautious' means being very careful to avoid danger, while 'Negligent' means being careless and ignoring safety.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Careless' is also a correct antonym, but 'Negligent' is a more formal and high-scoring alternative.

Question 77. What is the antonym of 'Definite'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Definite' (निश्चित) is Indefinite (अनिश्चित). It refers to something that is not clearly defined or determined.
In simple words: 'Definite' means clear and certain, while 'Indefinite' means vague, unclear, or not fixed.

🎯 Exam Tip: Simply add the prefix 'in-' to 'definite' to form its antonym.

Question 78. What is the antonym of 'Distant'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Distant' (दूर) is Near (पास). It refers to a short distance away in space or time.
In simple words: 'Distant' means far away, while 'Near' means close by.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Close' is also an acceptable antonym for 'Distant'.

Question 79. What is the antonym of 'Defeat'?
Answer: The antonym of 'Defeat' (हार) is Victory (जीत). It refers to winning a game, battle, or competition.
In simple words: 'Defeat' means losing a fight or a game, while 'Victory' means winning it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Triumph' or 'Victory' are both excellent antonyms for 'Defeat'.

Important Antonyms and Vocabulary List

Important Antonyms (Opposite Words) List

Question 127. Write the antonym of 'Final'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Final' (अन्तिम) is 'Initial' (प्रारम्भिक). These terms are frequently used to describe the starting and ending stages of a process.
In simple words: 'Final' means the last or end of something, while 'Initial' means the very beginning.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'initial' refers to the first stage, which is a common keyword in comprehension passages.

Question 128. Write the antonym of 'Finite'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Finite' (निश्चित) is 'Infinite' (अनन्त). In mathematics and science, understanding these boundaries helps define limits.
In simple words: 'Finite' means something that has a limit or end, while 'Infinite' means something that goes on forever without stopping.

🎯 Exam Tip: Spell 'infinite' carefully, as students often confuse it with 'definite'.

Question 129. Write the antonym of 'Frank'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Frank' (स्पष्ट वक्ता) is 'Reserved' (सुरक्षित, चुप रहने वाला). Being frank is often seen as a sign of honesty and directness.
In simple words: A 'Frank' person speaks their mind openly, whereas a 'Reserved' person keeps their thoughts to themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'reserved' when describing characters in literature who do not express their feelings easily.

Question 130. Write the antonym of 'Foolish'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Foolish' (मूर्ख) is 'Wise' (बुद्धिमान). Making wise choices is a key theme in many moral stories.
In simple words: 'Foolish' means acting without thinking, while 'Wise' means making smart and sensible decisions.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Wise' is a high-scoring synonym for 'smart' or 'intelligent' in essay writing.

Question 131. Write the antonym of 'Fresh'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Fresh' (ताजा) is 'Stale' (बासी). This pair is most commonly used when describing food items or air quality.
In simple words: 'Fresh' food is newly made and good to eat, while 'Stale' food is old and no longer good.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always pair 'stale' with bread or air in sentence-formation questions to show clear usage.

Question 132. Write the antonym of 'Full'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Full' (भरा हुआ) is 'Empty' (खाली). These words help describe the capacity or volume of containers.
In simple words: 'Full' means containing as much as possible, while 'Empty' means containing nothing at all.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Empty' is often used metaphorically, such as 'empty promises', which is a great phrase to use in writing.

Question 133. Write the antonym of 'Fair'.
Answer: The antonyms of 'Fair' (साफ, सुन्दर) are 'Rough' (खुरदरा) and 'Unfair' (बदसूरत). Depending on the context, 'fair' can describe texture, appearance, or justice.
In simple words: 'Fair' can mean smooth or beautiful, so its opposites are 'Rough' or 'Unfair' depending on how it is used.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the context of 'fair' in the sentence before choosing its opposite, as it has multiple meanings.

Question 134. Write the antonym of 'False'.
Answer: The antonym of 'False' (झूठ) is 'True' (सत्य). This fundamental pair is widely used in objective-type school examinations.
In simple words: 'False' means something that is incorrect or a lie, while 'True' means the real facts.

🎯 Exam Tip: In true/false questions, ensure your handwriting clearly distinguishes 'T' from 'F' to avoid losing marks.

Question 135. Write the antonym of 'Firm'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Firm' (दृढ़) is 'Weak' (कमजोर). A firm decision shows determination and strength of character.
In simple words: 'Firm' means strong and steady, while 'Weak' means easily broken or not strong.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'firm' to describe a strong grip or a solid belief in your English compositions.

Question 136. Write the antonym of 'First'.
Answer: The antonym of 'First' (पहला) is 'Last' (अन्तिम). These ordinal indicators are essential for sequencing events in a narrative.
In simple words: 'First' is the one that comes before all others, while 'Last' is the one at the very end.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'first' and 'last' to structure your paragraphs logically when writing essays.

Question 137. Write the antonym of 'Foul'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Foul' (अशुद्ध) is 'Fair' (शुद्ध). In sports, a foul play is the opposite of fair play.
In simple words: 'Foul' means dirty or bad, while 'Fair' means clean, pure, or good.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the famous quote "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" from Shakespeare's Macbeth to impress examiners.

Question 138. Write the antonym of 'Fear'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Fear' (भय) is 'Courage' (साहस). Overcoming fear is a sign of true mental strength.
In simple words: 'Fear' is being afraid of something, while 'Courage' is being brave even when you are scared.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Courage' is a noun; do not confuse it with the adjective 'courageous' when writing opposites.

Question 139. Write the antonym of 'Fine'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Fine' (बारीक) is 'Coarse' (मोटा). This pair is often used to describe the texture of fabrics or soil particles.
In simple words: 'Fine' means very thin, smooth, or small particles, while 'Coarse' means rough or thick.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Coarse' is spelled with an 'oa', unlike 'course' which means a path of study.

Question 140. Write the antonym of 'Flexible'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Flexible' (लचीला) is 'Rigid' (कठोर). Materials like rubber are flexible, whereas metals are usually rigid.
In simple words: 'Flexible' means easy to bend without breaking, while 'Rigid' means stiff and hard to bend.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Rigid' is a highly formal word that examiners love to see in scientific or descriptive writing.

Question 141. Write the antonym of 'Frown'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Frown' (त्योरी चढ़ाना) is 'Smile' (मुस्कुराना). Facial expressions play a vital role in non-verbal communication.
In simple words: A 'Frown' shows anger or worry on your face, while a 'Smile' shows happiness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'frown' to describe a character's disapproval or worry in creative writing.

Question 142. Write the antonym of 'Front'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Front' (सामने) is 'Back' (पीछे). These spatial terms help in giving clear directions.
In simple words: 'Front' is the forward part of something, while 'Back' is the rear part.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always use 'back' or 'rear' as the direct opposite of 'front' in spatial contexts.

Question 143. Write the antonym of 'Foreign'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Foreign' (विदेशी) is 'Native' (देशवासी). Learning about foreign cultures helps broaden our perspective.
In simple words: 'Foreign' refers to another country, while 'Native' refers to your own home country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the silent 'g' in 'foreign' to avoid spelling errors.

Question 144. Write the antonym of 'Fortune'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Fortune' (सौभाग्य) is 'Misfortune' (दुर्भाग्य). Good fortune is often celebrated, while misfortune tests our resilience.
In simple words: 'Fortune' is good luck, while 'Misfortune' is bad luck or trouble.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adding the prefix 'mis-' is a common way to form opposites, which is useful to remember for exams.

Question 145. Write the antonym of 'Gain'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Gain' (लाभ) is 'Loss' (हानि). In business and mathematics, calculating gain and loss is essential.
In simple words: 'Gain' means getting or winning something useful, while 'Loss' means losing it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Keep your answers concise when defining financial terms in comprehension tests.

Question 146. Write the antonym of 'Glory'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Glory' (यश) is 'Shame' (शर्म). Achieving glory brings pride to one's family and nation.
In simple words: 'Glory' is great praise and honor, while 'Shame' is feeling bad or embarrassed about doing something wrong.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Glory' is associated with victory, so its opposite 'shame' represents defeat or dishonour.

Question 147. Write the antonym of 'Genuine'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Genuine' (असली) is 'Duplicate' (नकली). It is important to verify that products are genuine before purchasing them.
In simple words: 'Genuine' means real and original, while 'Duplicate' means a fake copy.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Genuine' is a high-vocabulary word; using it instead of 'real' scores better marks.

Question 148. Write the antonym of 'Grant'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Grant' (स्वीकार करना) is 'Refuse' (अस्वीकार करना). Authorities have the power to grant or deny requests.
In simple words: To 'Grant' means to agree or give permission, while to 'Refuse' means to say no.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Grant' is a formal verb, so its opposite 'refuse' should also be used in formal contexts.

Question 149. Write the antonym of 'Gallant'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Gallant' (शूरवीर) is 'Coward' (कायर). Gallant soldiers are honored for their bravery on the battlefield.
In simple words: A 'Gallant' person is very brave and heroic, while a 'Coward' is easily scared and runs away from danger.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Gallant' is an adjective, while 'coward' is a noun; the adjective form of coward is 'cowardly'.

Question 150. Write the antonym of 'Gather'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Gather' (इकट्ठा करना) is 'Scatter' (फैलाना). Birds gather twigs to build their nests.
In simple words: To 'Gather' means to bring things together in one place, while to 'Scatter' means to throw them all around.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'scatter' to describe things spreading out in different directions.

Question 151. Write the antonym of 'Glad'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Glad' (प्रसन्न) is 'Sad' (दुःखी). Being glad brings positive energy to those around us.
In simple words: 'Glad' means feeling happy or pleased, while 'Sad' means feeling unhappy.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Glad' is a simple synonym for happy, making 'sad' its most direct and natural opposite.

Question 152. Write the antonym of 'Grave'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Grave' (गंभीर) is 'Cheerful' (प्रसन्न). A grave situation requires careful and serious thought.
In simple words: 'Grave' means very serious or solemn, while 'Cheerful' means happy and bright.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the noun 'grave' (burial place) with the adjective 'grave' (serious) in exams.

Question 153. Write the antonym of 'General'.
Answer: The antonym of 'General' (सामान्य) is 'Particular' (विशेष). General rules apply to everyone, but there are always exceptions.
In simple words: 'General' refers to common things that apply to everyone, while 'Particular' refers to one specific thing.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'particular' when you want to focus on one specific detail in your answers.

Question 154. Write the antonym of 'Gentle'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Gentle' (सभ्य) is 'Rude' (असभ्य). A gentle breeze is pleasant, while a rude remark can hurt feelings.
In simple words: A 'Gentle' person is kind and polite, while a 'Rude' person is impolite and behaves badly.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Gentle' can describe both behavior and nature, so choose the opposite accordingly.

Question 155. Write the antonym of 'Grand'.
Answer: The antonym of 'Grand' (शानदार) is 'Ordinary' (साधारण). The grand palace stood out among the simple houses.
In simple words: 'Grand' implies luxury and scale, making 'ordinary' or 'humble' its best

Question 170. Innocent (2008, 09)
Answer: Guilty (Innocent = निर्दोष, Guilty = अपराधी). In legal terms, a person is considered innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.
In simple words: 'Innocent' means someone who has done nothing wrong, while 'Guilty' means someone who has committed a mistake or crime.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'innocent' and 'guilty' are direct opposites often used in legal and everyday contexts.

Question 171. Increase
Answer: Decrease (Increase = बढ़ाना, Decrease = घटाना). These terms are frequently used to describe changes in temperature or quantity over time.
In simple words: 'Increase' means to make something larger or more, and 'Decrease' means to make it smaller or less.

🎯 Exam Tip: These terms are commonly used in graphs, mathematics, and science to show changes in quantity.

Question 172. Ignorance
Answer: Knowledge (Ignorance = अज्ञानता, Knowledge = ज्ञान). Gaining knowledge is the most effective way to overcome ignorance in any field of study.
In simple words: 'Ignorance' is when you do not know about something, whereas 'Knowledge' is having information and understanding.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Knowledge' is the standard antonym for 'ignorance' in board exams.

Question 173. Intentional
Answer: Accidental (Intentional = इच्छानुसार, Accidental = अचानक). An accidental action happens by chance without any deliberate planning.
In simple words: 'Intentional' means doing something on purpose, while 'Accidental' means it happened by chance or mistake.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the spelling of 'accidental' as it has a double 'c'.

Question 174. Import (2009)
Answer: Export (Import = आयात, Export = निर्यात). Countries balance their trade by managing the goods they import and export.
In simple words: 'Import' means bringing goods into a country, and 'Export' means sending goods out to another country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'Im-' as 'in' (bringing in) and 'Ex-' as 'exit' (sending out) to easily remember these opposites.

Question 175. Inhale (2012)
Answer: Exhale (Inhale = वायु भरना, Exhale = वायु निकालना). Proper breathing exercises require you to inhale and exhale deeply.
In simple words: 'Inhale' means to breathe in air, and 'Exhale' means to breathe out air.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'in-' means inside and 'ex-' means outside, which helps identify their meanings.

Question 176. Illiterate
Answer: Educated (Illiterate = अनपढ़, Educated = पढ़ा-लिखा). Becoming educated opens up many opportunities for personal and professional growth.
In simple words: 'Illiterate' refers to someone who cannot read or write, while 'Educated' refers to someone who has received schooling.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Literate' is also a common antonym for 'illiterate', but 'educated' is widely accepted as well.

Question 177. Include (2013)
Answer: Exclude (Include = शामिल करना, Exclude = निकालना). When you include everyone in an activity, you make sure not to exclude anyone.
In simple words: 'Include' means to put something in a group, and 'Exclude' means to leave it out.

🎯 Exam Tip: Notice the 'in-' and 'ex-' prefixes again, which represent opposite directions.

Question 178. Joy
Answer: Sorrow (Joy = आनन्द, Sorrow = दुःख). Life is a mixture of joy and sorrow, and both feelings are natural parts of human experience.
In simple words: 'Joy' is a feeling of great happiness, while 'Sorrow' is a feeling of deep sadness.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Sorrow' is the most appropriate literary antonym for 'joy' in English literature questions.

Question 179. Junior
Answer: Senior (Junior = कनिष्ठ, Senior = वरिष्ठ). A senior officer usually guides and supports the junior staff members.
In simple words: 'Junior' means someone of lower rank or younger age, and 'Senior' means someone of higher rank or older age.

🎯 Exam Tip: These words are comparative terms often used in schools and workplaces.

Question 180. Keen
Answer: Dull (Keen = उत्सुक, Dull = उदासीन). A keen mind can quickly grasp complex ideas that might seem dull to others.
In simple words: 'Keen' means very interested or sharp, while 'Dull' means uninterested or slow.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Keen' can mean sharp (like a knife or mind), so its opposite 'dull' fits both physical and mental contexts.

Question 181. Kind (2016)
Answer: Cruel (Kind = दयालु, Cruel = क्रूर). Being kind to animals is a noble quality, whereas being cruel to them is highly discouraged.
In simple words: 'Kind' means being helpful and caring to others, while 'Cruel' means causing pain or suffering on purpose.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Cruel' is the standard antonym for 'kind' and is frequently asked in primary and secondary exams.

Question 182. Lenient (2015)
Answer: Strict (Lenient = उदार, Strict = कठोर). While some teachers are lenient with deadlines, others are very strict.
In simple words: 'Lenient' means being mild or gentle with rules, while 'Strict' means demanding that rules be followed exactly.

🎯 Exam Tip: Learn the spelling of 'lenient' carefully as students often misspell it.

Question 183. Light
Answer: Heavy (Light = हल्का, Heavy = भारी). A feather is extremely light, whereas a large rock is very heavy to lift.
In simple words: 'Light' means weighing very little, and 'Heavy' means weighing a lot.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that 'light' can also mean bright, in which case its antonym would be 'dark'. Context is key!

Question 184. Love
Answer: Hatred (Love = प्यार, Hatred = घृणा). Choosing love over hatred helps build a peaceful and harmonious society.
In simple words: 'Love' is a strong feeling of liking someone very much, and 'Hatred' is a strong feeling of dislike.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Hate' is a verb, but 'hatred' is the noun form that perfectly matches the noun 'love'.

Question 185. Laborious
Answer: Lazy (Laborious = परिश्रमी, Lazy = आलसी). A laborious student works hard to achieve high marks, while a lazy student avoids studying.
In simple words: 'Laborious' describes someone who works very hard, while 'Lazy' describes someone who avoids work.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Laborious' comes from 'labor' (hard work), making 'lazy' its direct opposite.

Question 186. Lie (N)
Answer: Truth (Lie (N) = झूठ, Truth = सत्य). Speaking the truth builds trust, whereas telling a lie can ruin relationships.
In simple words: As a noun, a 'Lie' is something that is not true, and the 'Truth' is what is real and factual.

🎯 Exam Tip: The '(N)' stands for Noun, so make sure to pair it with the noun 'truth' rather than an adjective.

Question 187. Lie (V)
Answer: Get up (Lie (V) = लेटना, पड़े रहना, Get up = उठ जाना). After you lie down to rest, you must get up to start your day.
In simple words: As a verb, to 'Lie' means to rest flat on a surface, and to 'Get up' means to stand or rise.

🎯 Exam Tip: The '(V)' stands for Verb, indicating an action like lying down, which is opposite to getting up.

Question 188. Little
Answer: Much (Little = थोड़ा, Much = बहुत). Having a little patience can make a much bigger difference than you think.
In simple words: 'Little' refers to a small amount of something, while 'Much' refers to a large amount.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'little' and 'much' for uncountable nouns (like water or time).

Question 189. Loose
Answer: Tight (Loose = ढीला, Tight = तंग). If your shoes are too loose, you can tie the laces tight to secure them.
In simple words: 'Loose' means not fitting closely or not held tightly, and 'Tight' means fitting very closely.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse 'loose' (not tight) with 'lose' (to misplace or fail to win).

Question 190. Limited
Answer: Unlimited (Limited = सीमित, Unlimited = असीमित). While resources on Earth are limited, our imagination is completely unlimited.
In simple words: 'Limited' means having a fixed boundary or amount, while 'Unlimited' means having no boundaries or endless.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adding the prefix 'un-' is a common way to form antonyms in English.

Question 171. Lad
Answer: Lass (Lad = कुमार, Lass = कुमारी). In traditional Scottish songs, a young lad and a bonnie lass are often mentioned together.
In simple words: 'Lad' is an old-fashioned or regional word for a boy, and 'Lass' is the word for a girl.

🎯 Exam Tip: These are traditional terms often found in classic English literature and poetry.

Question 192. Lack
Answer: Abundance (Lack = कमी, Abundance = पर्याप्त). A lack of rain can cause a drought, but a good monsoon brings an abundance of water.
In simple words: 'Lack' means not having enough of something, while 'Abundance' means having a very large quantity of it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Abundance' is a strong vocabulary word that examiners love to see in descriptive writing.

Question 193. Like
Answer: Dislike (Like = पसन्द करना, Dislike = नापसन्द करना). It is completely normal to like some flavors of ice cream and dislike others.
In simple words: 'Like' means to enjoy or approve of something, and 'Dislike' means to not enjoy it.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'dis-' is used here to create the direct opposite of the verb 'like'.

Question 194. Logical
Answer: Illogical / Absurd (Logical = तर्कसंगत, Illogical = तर्कहीन, Absurd = भद्दा). A logical argument is based on facts, whereas an illogical one makes no sense.
In simple words: 'Logical' means making sense using reason, while 'Illogical' or 'Absurd' means not making any sense.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both 'illogical' and 'absurd' are correct antonyms, but 'illogical' is the most direct opposite.

Question 195. Legible
Answer: Illegible (Legible = स्पष्ट, पढ़ने लायक, पढ़े जाने योग्य, Illegible = अस्पष्ट, न पढ़ने योग्य). Writing neatly ensures your answers are legible and easy for the examiner to read.
In simple words: 'Legible' handwriting is clear enough to read easily, while 'Illegible' handwriting is messy and cannot be read.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'il-' is added to words starting with 'l' to form their opposites.

Question 196. Legitimate (2012)
Answer: Illegitimate (Legitimate = कानून के अनुसार, Illegitimate = गैर-कानूनी). A legitimate business operates within the law, while an illegitimate one does not.
In simple words: 'Legitimate' means allowed by law or rules, and 'Illegitimate' means against the law or rules.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the spelling rule: add 'il-' to 'legitimate' to form its antonym.

Question 197. Merit (2012)
Answer: Demerit (Merit = योग्यता, Demerit = अयोग्यता). Every action has its own merit and demerit that we must consider carefully.
In simple words: 'Merit' is a good quality or advantage, while 'Demerit' is a fault or disadvantage.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'de-' is used here to turn a positive quality into a negative one.

Question 198. Miser
Answer: Spendthrift (Miser = कंजूस, Spendthrift = अतिव्ययी). A miser hoards every penny, whereas a spendthrift wastes money on unnecessary things.
In simple words: A 'Miser' is someone who hates spending money, while a 'Spendthrift' is someone who spends money too freely and wastefully.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Spendthrift' is a compound word that acts as the perfect noun antonym for 'miser'.

Question 199. Mortal (2008)
Answer: Immortal (Mortal = नश्वर, Immortal = अमर). Human beings are mortal, but their good deeds can make them immortal in history.
In simple words: 'Mortal' means something that must eventually die, while 'Immortal' means living forever and never dying.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'im-' is added to words starting with 'm' or 'p' to make them opposite.

Question 200. Mourn
Answer: Rejoice (Mourn = शोक मनाना, Rejoice = खुशी मनाना). We mourn the loss of loved ones, but we rejoice when celebrating their achievements.
In simple words: To 'Mourn' is to feel or show deep sadness, especially after a loss, while to 'Rejoice' is to feel or show great joy.

🎯 Exam Tip: Both words are verbs representing opposite emotional actions.

Question 201. Make (2014)
Answer: Mar (Make = बनाना, Mar = बिगाड़ना). A single bad habit can mar all the progress you make over the years.
In simple words: To 'Make' means to create or build something, and to 'Mar' means to spoil or ruin it.

🎯 Exam Tip: The phrase 'make or mar' is a common idiom meaning to either bring success or complete ruin.

Question 202. Minor
Answer: Major (Minor = अल्पवयस्क, Major = वयस्क). A minor issue can easily be resolved before it turns into a major problem.
In simple words: 'Minor' refers to someone who is underage or something of less importance, while 'Major' refers to an adult or something of great importance.

🎯 Exam Tip: These words are direct opposites used in both legal age contexts and general comparisons.

Question 203. Masculine
Answer: Feminine (Masculine = पुल्लिंग, Feminine = स्त्रीलिंग). In English grammar, nouns can have masculine or feminine gender forms.
In simple words: 'Masculine' relates to qualities or grammar associated with males, and 'Feminine' relates to females.

🎯 Exam Tip: These terms are fundamental when studying grammatical genders in English and other languages.

Question 204. Maximum
Answer: Minimum (Maximum = अधिकतम, Minimum = न्यूनतम). The maximum speed limit is set for safety, while the minimum speed ensures smooth traffic flow.
In simple words: 'Maximum' is the largest possible amount, and 'Minimum' is the smallest possible amount.

🎯 Exam Tip: These terms are widely used in mathematics, science, and daily limits.

Question 205. Mad
English Grammar - Antonyms and Opposites List

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to words with multiple antonyms (like Sacred - Profane/Unholy) as examiners often test these to check the depth of your vocabulary.

Important Antonyms List

Prefix (dis, in, im, il, un, ab, ig, ir) आदि लगाकर—

कुछ Antonyms उपर्युक्त Prefix (उपसर्ग) जोड़कर भी बनाये जाते हैं जिनमें से मुख्य-मुख्य इस प्रकार हैं—

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to words with years next to them (like Strange, Triumph, Virtue) as they are frequently asked in board exams. Memorizing common prefixes like 'dis-', 'un-', and 'in-' can help you easily form opposites of unfamiliar words.

Opposite Words (Antonyms) with Hindi Meanings

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to prefixes like 'un-', 'in-', 'dis-', 'il-', and 'im-' as they are commonly used to form antonyms. Memorizing these patterns will help you easily identify opposite words in exams.

Antonyms (विलोम शब्द)

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to common prefixes like 'un-', 'im-', 'in-', 'dis-', and 'ir-' as they are frequently tested in board exams to form opposites.

Homophones (समध्वनिक शब्द)

Homophone तथा Homonym दो शब्द हैं। Homophones के अन्तर्गत वे शब्द आते हैं जिनके उच्चारण में ध्वनि समान हो, किन्तु Spelling तथा अर्थ में अन्तर हो; जैसे – Peace = शान्ति, Piece = टुकड़ा। Homonyms वे शब्द हैं जिनकी Spelling तथा उच्चारण दोनों समान हों किन्तु अर्थ में अन्तर हो; जैसे – bear = भालू, bear = सहन करना। Intermediate के पाठ्यक्रम में केवल Homophones हैं Homonyms नहीं, जिनमें से कुछ मुख्य निम्नलिखित हैं –

🎯 Exam Tip: When writing sentences for homophones, ensure the context clearly brings out the specific meaning of the word to secure full marks.

Question 2. Distinguish between Assent and Ascent.
Answer:
• Assent = सहमति: The principal has given his assent to preside at the cultural programme.
• Ascent = चढ़ाई: The ascent of Mt. Everest is really a heroic deed.
In simple words: 'Assent' means giving agreement or approval, whereas 'Ascent' refers to the act of climbing or rising upward.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'Assent' has 'double s' like 'consent' (agreement), while 'Ascent' has 'sc' like 'scale' (climbing up).

Question 3. Distinguish between Accident and Incident.
Answer:
• Accident (2016) = दुर्घटना: Three persons were killed in a bus accident today.
• Incident = घटना: There are some memorable incidents in the life of some people.
In simple words: An 'accident' is an unpleasant event that happens unexpectedly and causes damage, while an 'incident' is any event or occurrence, which can be good or bad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'accident' specifically for unintentional mishaps causing harm, and 'incident' for general events or happenings.

Question 4. Distinguish between Allusion and Illusion.
Answer:
• Allusion = सूचना, संकेत: I can give you so many allusions to prove my statement true.
• Illusion = छल, इन्द्रजाल: This world is nothing but an illusion.
In simple words: An 'allusion' is an indirect reference to something, whereas an 'illusion' is a false belief or a deceptive appearance.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Allusion' starts with 'A' like 'indirect reference', while 'Illusion' starts with 'I' like 'imagination' or 'unreal'.

Question 5. Distinguish between Altar and Alter.
Answer:
• Altar (2011) = पूजा की वेदी: Many people sacrifice a goat at the altar of Goddess Kali.
• Alter = बदलना: You should not alter anything in whatever you have written.
In simple words: An 'altar' is a raised table or platform used in religious ceremonies, while 'alter' means to change or modify something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Alter' with an 'e' means to chang'e', whereas 'altar' with an 'a' is a sacred pl'a'ce.

Question 6. Distinguish between Apposite and Opposite.
Answer:
• Apposite = योग्य, यथार्थ: A saint tries to find out the apposite in the world.
• Opposite = विरुद्ध, सामने: You will find my shop just opposite to the post office.
In simple words: 'Apposite' means highly appropriate or suitable for a situation, while 'opposite' means completely different or facing something.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Apposite' starts with 'A' like 'appropriate', whereas 'opposite' starts with 'O' like 'contrary' or 'facing'.

Question 7. Distinguish between Affect and Effect.
Answer:
• Affect = प्रभाव डालना: The company of Gandhiji affected everyone.
• Effect = प्रभाव, परिणाम: This medicine has no effect on this patient.
In simple words: 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence something, while 'effect' is usually a noun meaning the result or outcome of an action.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember 'RAVEN': Remember Affect is a Verb, Effect is a Noun.

Question 8. Distinguish between Avenge and Revenge.
Answer:
• Avenge = बदला लेना: She avenged her father's murder.
• Revenge = प्रतिकार करना: The demonstrators revenged for attack on them by killing several police men.
In simple words: 'Avenge' is to seek justice or punish a wrongdoer on behalf of someone else, while 'revenge' is driven by personal anger and resentment to hurt someone back.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Avenge' is usually about achieving justice for others, whereas 'revenge' is personal retaliation.

Question 9. Distinguish between Accede and Exceed.
Answer:
• Accede (2011) = सहमत होना: I do not accede to your proposal.
• Exceed = अधिकता: The number of candidates must not exceed the sitting capacity.
In simple words: 'Accede' means to agree to a request or demand, while 'exceed' means to go beyond a set limit or number.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Accede' is related to agreement, while 'exceed' is related to excess or quantity.

Question 10. Distinguish between Amiable and Amicable.
Answer:
• Amiable (2011) = मित्रवत्: Her parents are very amiable to everybody.
• Amicable = प्रिय एवं विनम्र: They lived together amicably for few years helping one another.
In simple words: 'Amiable' describes a friendly and pleasant person, while 'amicable' describes a peaceful and friendly relationship or agreement between people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'amiable' for friendly individuals, and 'amicable' for friendly interactions or settlements.

Question 11. Distinguish between All ready and Already.
Answer:
• All ready = सभी पूर्ण तैयार: The N.C.C. cadets are all ready to march.
• Already = पहले से ही: I have already seen the Taj Mahal.
In simple words: 'All ready' means completely prepared, while 'already' means before now or by this time.

🎯 Exam Tip: If you can replace it with 'completely prepared', use the two-word phrase 'all ready'. Otherwise, use 'already'.

Question 12. Distinguish between All together and Altogether.
Answer:
• All together = सभी मिलकर: The members of opposition walked out all together.
• Altogether = पूर्णतया: Your answers are altogether different from mine.
In simple words: 'All together' means everyone or everything gathered in one place, while 'altogether' means completely or entirely.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use 'all together' when referring to a group acting together, and 'altogether' when you mean 'completely'.

Question 13. Distinguish between Aught and Ought.
Answer:
• Aught = कोई वस्तु: Have you aught to tell me in secrecy?
• Ought = चाहिए (नैतिक कर्तव्य): You ought to serve your old parents.
In simple words: 'Aught' is an old-fashioned word meaning 'anything', while 'ought' is a helper verb used to show duty or correctness.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Ought' is almost always followed by 'to' (e.g., ought to help) to express moral obligation.

Question 14. Explain the different meanings and uses of Adopt.
Answer:
• Adopt (2010) = गोद लेना: My uncle has adopted a boy because he has no son.
• Adopt = विचार अपनाना: We have adopted Western culture to a great extent.
In simple words: 'Adopt' can mean legally taking someone else's child as your own, or choosing to follow a new idea, method, or culture.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be careful not to confuse 'adopt' (to take up) with 'adapt' (to adjust) or 'adept' (highly skilled).

Adapt / Adept
Answer:
(i) Adapt (बदली हुई परिस्थितियों के अनुकूल बनाना) - The animals adapt themselves to the atmosphere in which they live.
(ii) Adept (चतुर) - Your younger brother is adept in making friends. Learning to adapt to new environments is a key survival skill for both humans and animals.
In simple words: 'Adapt' means to adjust to new conditions or surroundings. 'Adept' means being highly skilled or expert at a particular task.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'adapt' has an 'a' for 'adjust', while 'adept' has an 'e' for 'expert'. This simple trick will help you never mix them up in exams.

Question 15. Berth / Birth
Answer:
(i) Berth (सोने का स्थान) - I have got two berths reserved for me in train.
(ii) Birth (जन्म) - Sh. Lal Bahadur Shastri took birth in a poor family. Celebrating the birth of a child brings immense joy to the entire family.
In simple words: A 'berth' is a bunk or sleeping place on a train or ship. 'Birth' refers to the start of life when a baby is born.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate 'berth' with 'bunk' (both start with 'b' and relate to sleeping), and 'birth' with 'born' to keep their spellings and meanings clear.

Question 16. Bail (2010, 12) / Bale
Answer:
(i) Bail (जमानत) - This murderer may be released on bail.
(ii) Bale (गाँठ) - I purchased one bale of coarse cloth from the cotton mill. Large farms often use machines to tie hay into a tight bale for storage.
In simple words: 'Bail' is the money paid to release an accused person from jail temporarily. 'Bale' is a large, tightly bound bundle of goods like cotton or hay.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to the spelling; 'bail' is a legal term, whereas 'bale' refers to a large wrapped bundle of agricultural or industrial goods.

Question 17. Bridal / Bridle
Answer:
(i) Bridal (वैवाहिक) - The bridal ceremony of my son will be performed on 17th April.
(ii) Bridle (लगाम) - The rider controls the horse with a bridle. A sturdy bridle is essential for ensuring the safety of both the horse and the rider.
In simple words: 'Bridal' relates to a bride or a wedding ceremony. 'Bridle' is the leather strap and metal bit used to control a horse.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'bridal' as connected to a 'bride' (both have 'brid-'), while 'bridle' is the gear used for riding a horse.

Question 18. Beside / Besides
Answer:
(i) Beside (निकट) - The boy sitting beside me is my son.
(ii) Besides (अतिरिक्त) - My uncle presented me a watch besides sweets. Learning multiple languages besides your mother tongue can open up many global opportunities.
In simple words: 'Beside' means next to or by the side of someone or something. 'Besides' means in addition to or apart from.

🎯 Exam Tip: The extra 's' in 'besides' means "extra" or "in addition to". Use this visual cue to remember the difference easily.

Question 19. Boar / Bore
Answer:
(i) Boar (सुअर) - A boar likes to live in dirty places.
(ii) Bore (ऊबना) - Talkative people bore others in their company. A long and repetitive lecture can easily bore the students in a classroom.
In simple words: A 'boar' is a wild pig with tusks. 'Bore' means to make someone feel tired and uninterested by being dull.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'boar' refers to the animal, while 'bore' is the verb for feeling uninterested or making a hole.

Question 20. Bad / Bed
Answer:
(i) Bad (बुरा) - Nobody likes a bad boy.
(ii) Bed (बिस्तर) - I like to sleep on a soft bed. A comfortable bed is crucial for getting a good night's rest after a tiring day.
In simple words: 'Bad' means not good or unpleasant. 'Bed' is the piece of furniture that you sleep on.

🎯 Exam Tip: These are basic words, but be careful with pronunciation and spelling to avoid silly mistakes in writing.

Question 21. Bag / Beg
Answer:
(i) Bag (थैला) - Where have you left your bag of books?
(ii) Beg (माँगना, प्रार्थना करना) - I beg you to pardon me. It is always better to work hard and earn a living rather than beg for help.
In simple words: A 'bag' is a container made of paper, plastic, or cloth used for carrying things. 'Beg' means to ask for food, money, or forgiveness.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse the noun 'bag' (carrying item) with the verb 'beg' (to ask or plead earnestly).

Question 22. Brake (2014) / Break
Answer:
(i) Brake (गति अवरोधक यन्त्र) - Keep the brakes of your bicycle in order.
(ii) Break (तोड़ना) - All the sons could not break the bundle of sticks. Be careful not to drop the glass vase, as it will break into many sharp pieces.
In simple words: A 'brake' is a device used to stop or slow down a vehicle. 'Break' means to smash, damage, or split something into pieces.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'brake' stops a car or bicycle, while 'break' means to damage something or take a short rest.

Question 23. Blue / Blew
Answer:
(i) Blue (नीला) - In clear weather the sky is blue.
(ii) Blew (हवा में उड़े) - Some important papers blew away into the wind. The strong autumn wind blew all the dry leaves off the trees.
In simple words: 'Blue' is a primary color like the sky or the ocean. 'Blew' is the past tense of 'blow', meaning the movement of air.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Blue' is always the color, while 'blew' is an action word showing that wind or air was moving.

Question 24. Berry / Bury
Answer:
(i) Berry (एक फल) - Do you like to eat berry?
(ii) Bury (दफ़नाना) - Muslims bury the dead body. Many animals bury their food underground to save it for the cold winter months.
In simple words: A 'berry' is a small, round, juicy fruit without a stone. 'Bury' means to put something under the ground and cover it.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Berry' is a delicious fruit, whereas 'bury' is an action verb that means putting something deep into the earth.

Question 25. Beer / Bier
Answer:
(i) Beer (एक प्रकार की शराब) - Many people like to take cold beer.
(ii) Bier (शवयान, अर्थी) - The people are carrying the dead body on a bier. A solemn silence filled the air as the funeral procession moved forward with the bier.
In simple words: 'Beer' is an alcoholic drink made from grain. A 'bier' is a wooden frame or stand on which a coffin or dead body is carried.

🎯 Exam Tip: Be very careful with the spelling here; 'beer' is a beverage, while 'bier' is associated with funerals and mourning.

Question 26. Cannon / Canon
Answer:
(i) Cannon (तोप) - Cannons were fired in the battle-field.
(ii) Canon (सिद्धान्त) - A gentleman never goes against his canon. Every profession has its own canon of ethics that all members must strictly follow.
In simple words: A 'cannon' is a large, heavy gun mounted on wheels used in old warfare. A 'canon' is a general rule, law, or principle.

🎯 Exam Tip: The word with double 'n' ('cannon') is the heavy weapon, while the single 'n' ('canon') refers to a rule or standard.

Question 27. Cast / Caste / Cost
Answer:
(i) Cast (डालना, फेंकना) - A fisherman casts his nets early in the morning.
(ii) Caste (जाति) - Pt. Nehru was Brahmin by caste.
(iii) Cost (कीमत) - The cost of this pen is Rs. 7. The rising cost of living makes it difficult for families to save money.
In simple words: 'Cast' means to throw something. 'Caste' is a social class or group. 'Cost' is the amount of money you need to buy something.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'caste' with an 'e' at the end refers to social division, while 'cast' is a verb for throwing or selecting actors.

Question 28. Complement (2014) / Compliment
Answer:
(i) Complement (पूरक) - Some verbs have complements to make the meaning complete.
(ii) Compliment (सम्मान, प्रणाम) - Please accept my best compliments. It is always polite to give a sincere compliment when someone does a great job.
In simple words: 'Complement' means to complete or go well with something else. 'Compliment' is a polite expression of praise or admiration.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'complement' as something that completes (both have 'e'). 'Compliment' has an 'i', which you can associate with 'I like your style!'

One Word Substitution

शब्द समूह के लिए एक शब्द

नीचे कुछ ऐसे शब्द दिये गये हैं जिनका प्रयोग शब्दों के समूह के लिए किया जाता है –

Question 9. A person who can easily be approached.
Answer: Accessible (सुलभ). This term is commonly used in both physical and social contexts.
In simple words: Someone or something that is easy to reach, meet, or talk to.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that 'accessible' comes from 'access', which means the ability to approach or enter a place.

Question 10. People assembled to hear the speech.
Answer: Audience (श्रोता). They are the listeners or spectators at a public event.
In simple words: A group of people who gather together to listen to a speaker, watch a performance, or attend a show.

🎯 Exam Tip: The root word 'audi' relates to hearing, which helps you remember that 'audience' refers to listeners.

Question 11. A traveller in space.
Answer: Astronaut (अंतरिक्ष यात्री). These individuals undergo rigorous training before their space missions.
In simple words: A person who is trained to travel and work in outer space.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'astro' means star, which is a great clue for space-related terms.

Question 12. Government by one person only.
Answer: Autocracy (निरंकुश शासन). In this system, the ruler holds absolute power without any constitutional limitations.
In simple words: A system of government where one single person has complete power and control over everything.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Auto' means self, and 'cracy' means rule, so autocracy literally means self-rule by one person.

Question 13. Government by the nobles.
Answer: Aristocracy (कुलीनतंत्र). This class is usually privileged by birth and wealth.
In simple words: A form of government where power is held by the highest social class or noble families.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate 'aristo' with the elite or noble class to easily remember this term.

Question 14. A life history of a man written by himself. (2011, 13)
Answer: Autobiography (आत्मकथा). It provides a personal perspective on the author's own life experiences.
In simple words: The story of a person's life written by that person themselves.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay attention to 'auto' (self) + 'bio' (life) + 'graphy' (writing) to distinguish it from a regular biography.

Question 15. A place for keeping birds.
Answer: Aviary (पक्षीशाला). These structures are designed to give birds a larger living space than standard cages.
In simple words: A large cage or enclosure where birds are kept and cared for.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'avi' relates to birds (like aviation), which helps you identify 'aviary'.

Question 16. Animals which live in water.
Answer: Aquatic (जल में रहने वाले जन्तु). These organisms have adapted to survive in freshwater or marine environments.
In simple words: Animals or plants that live, grow, or spend most of their lives in water.

🎯 Exam Tip: The root word 'aqua' means water, making it easy to link to aquatic life.

Question 17. Animals which live both on land and sea.
Answer: Amphibians (मण्डूक श्रेणी के जन्तु). They typically undergo a metamorphosis from a water-breathing larva to a land-breathing adult.
In simple words: Creatures like frogs that can live comfortably both on land and in water.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Amphi' means both or double, indicating a double life on land and water.

Question 18. A sound which can be heard.
Answer: Audible (जो सुना जा सके). The sound waves must fall within the range of human hearing to be considered as such.
In simple words: Any sound that is loud or clear enough for people to hear.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'audio' to remember that 'audible' means something you can hear.

Question 19. A book or writing, etc. of unknown or undeclared source or authorship. (2016)
Answer: Anonymous (अज्ञात). This is often done to protect the identity of the creator.
In simple words: Written or made by someone whose name is not known or kept secret.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'an-' means without, and 'onym' means name, meaning 'without a name'.

Question 20. Yearly return of the date of an event. (2016)
Answer: Anniversary (वर्षगाँठ). It serves as a milestone to remember and celebrate past events.
In simple words: A date that is celebrated every year because a special event happened on that day in the past.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Anni' or 'annu' refers to year, which helps you connect it to yearly events.

Question 21. A medicine which counteracts poison.
Answer: Antidote (विषनाशक). It works by neutralizing the toxic effects of the poison in the body.
In simple words: A substance or medicine that stops the harmful effects of a poison.

🎯 Exam Tip: The prefix 'anti-' means against, so an antidote works against poison.

Question 22. The study of the nature of beauty.
Answer: Aesthetics (सौंदर्यशास्त्र). It explores how we perceive and appreciate beautiful things around us.
In simple words: The branch of philosophy that studies beauty, art, and taste.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the spelling 'aesthetics' as it is a common word in vocabulary tests.

Question 23. The school or college in which one has been educated.
Answer: Alma mater (वह स्कूल जिसमें किसी ने शिक्षा पायी है). It is a Latin term that translates to 'nourishing mother'.
In simple words: The school, college, or university that a person used to attend and graduated from.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a Latin phrase meaning 'nourishing mother', used for one's former educational institution.

Question 24. Which can be interpreted in any way.
Answer: Ambiguous (अस्पष्ट). Such statements can lead to confusion or multiple interpretations.
In simple words: Something that is not clear because it can be understood in more than one way.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Ambi' means both, so an ambiguous statement has double or unclear meanings.

Question 25. One who has infinite power.
Answer: Almighty (सर्वशक्तिमान). This term is most frequently used in religious contexts to describe God.
In simple words: Having complete and unlimited power, usually referring to God.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'All' + 'mighty' (powerful) combines to form 'Almighty'.

Question 26. A diplomatic messenger of the highest order sent by one sovereign power to another.
Answer: Ambassador (राजदूत). They play a crucial role in maintaining peaceful international relations.
In simple words: An official representative sent by a country's government to live and work in another country.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the spelling of 'ambassador' with double 's' as it is frequently asked in spelling tests.

Question 27. A place for keeping water plants, animals, fish, etc.
Answer: Aquarium (जलशाला). It allows people to observe aquatic life closely in a controlled environment.
In simple words: A glass tank or building where fish and other water creatures are kept.

🎯 Exam Tip: Just like 'aquatic', 'aquarium' starts with 'aqua', which means water.

Question 28. A life history of a man written by someone else.
Answer: Biography (जीवन कथा). It is based on factual details collected from various sources about the person.
In simple words: The story of a person's life written by another author.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast this with 'autobiography' where the person writes their own story.

Question 29. A person who is lover and collector of book. (2014)
Answer: Bibliophile (पुस्तकों का प्रेमी एवं संग्रहकर्ता). Such individuals often possess a deep appreciation for the physical format of books.
In simple words: Someone who loves reading, collecting, and owning books.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Biblio' means book, and 'phile' means lover, making it a book-lover.

Question 30. Government by officials.
Answer: Bureaucracy (नौकरशाही). It is characterized by strict adherence to rules and a hierarchy of authority.
In simple words: A system of government where important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to the spelling of 'bureaucracy' (b-u-r-e-a-u-c-r-a-c-y), which is notoriously tricky.

Question 31. A person who is fond of fighting.
Answer: Bellicose (लड़ाका). This attitude often leads to unnecessary conflicts and arguments.
In simple words: Someone who is eager to fight or start a war.

🎯 Exam Tip: The root 'belli' means war (like rebellion), which helps you identify war-like behavior.

Question 32. A person who studies plants. (2009)
Answer: Botanist (वनस्पतिशास्त्र का पण्डित). Their research helps us understand plant ecology and agriculture better.
In simple words: A scientist who specializes in studying plant life.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Botany' is the study of plants, so a 'botanist' is the person who does it.

Question 33. A person who is not married or who has taken the first degree of a university. (2011)
Answer: Bachelor (कुँआरा, स्नातक). This term can refer to either marital status or an academic achievement.
In simple words: A man who is not married, or a person who has completed their first college degree.

🎯 Exam Tip: This word has two distinct meanings: an unmarried man and a holder of a basic university degree.

Question 34. A person who holds an opinion or belief strongly in defiance of reason or argument.
Answer: Bigot (धर्मांध). Such a person is usually intolerant of any opposing views.
In simple words: Someone who is stubbornly devoted to their own opinions and refuses to accept other viewpoints.

🎯 Exam Tip: A bigot is highly intolerant of other people's ideas or beliefs.

Question 35. Practice of having two husbands or wives at a time.
Answer: Bigamy (द्विविवाह). This practice is considered illegal in many modern legal systems.
In simple words: The act of marrying someone while already being legally married to another person.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Bi' means two, and 'gamy' refers to marriage, meaning two marriages.

Question 36. The state of being unmarried. (2016)
Answer: Bachelorhood (कुँआरापन). It represents the phase of life before a man enters into marriage.
In simple words: The period of time or state of being an unmarried man.

🎯 Exam Tip: Adding the suffix '-hood' to 'bachelor' denotes the state or condition of being one.

Question 37. That which happens once in two years.
Answer: Biennial (द्विवार्षिक). This term is often used in botany to describe plants that complete their life cycle in two years.
In simple words: An event that takes place once every two years.

🎯 Exam Tip: Do not confuse 'biennial' (every two years) with 'biannual' (twice a year).

Question 38. Speaking disrespectfully about sacred things.
Answer: Blasphemy (ईश्वर निन्दा). It is often considered a serious offense in many religious communities.
In simple words: Saying or doing something that is highly disrespectful to God or holy things.

🎯 Exam Tip: This term is often used in religious or moral contexts for disrespectful speech.

Question 39. A person with good taste and judgement.
Answer: Connoisseur (पारखी). Their expertise allows them to judge the quality of artistic works accurately.
In simple words: An expert who knows a lot about art, food, music, or other fine things.

🎯 Exam Tip: Memorize the spelling of 'connoisseur' (c-o-n-n-o-i-s-s-e-u-r) as it is frequently tested.

Question 40. A person who regards the whole world as his country.
Answer: Cosmopolitan (विश्वमित्र). Such a person embraces diversity and feels comfortable in any cultural setting.
In simple words: Someone who feels at home anywhere in the world and is familiar with many different cultures.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Cosmo' refers to the universe or world, indicating a global citizen.

Question 41. An animal living on flesh of other animals.
Answer: Carnivorous (मांसाहारी पशु). These animals have specialized teeth and claws for hunting.
In simple words: Animals that eat meat or the flesh of other animals to survive.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Carni' means flesh, and 'vour' means to eat, which helps you remember meat-eaters.

Question 42. A person who eats human flesh.
Answer: Cannibal (नरभक्षी). This behavior is observed in some animal species under extreme conditions.
In simple words: A person or animal that eats the flesh of its own kind.

🎯 Exam Tip: A cannibal specifically eats members of their own species, most commonly referring to humans eating human flesh.

Question 43. A person who is very simple and easily believes whatever is told. (2007, 14)
Answer: Credulous (सहज विश्वासी). This trait makes them highly susceptible to deception and scams.
In simple words: Someone who is too trusting and easily fooled because they believe everything they hear.

🎯 Exam Tip: The root 'cred' means belief or trust, which is also found in words like 'credible'.

Question 44. A person or an artist that draws comic pictures.
Answer: Cartoonist (व्यंग्य चित्रकार). Their work often combines humor with social or political commentary.
In simple words: An artist who draws funny or satirical pictures and animations.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a straightforward term derived from 'cartoon' with the suffix '-ist' for the person.

Question 45. A person who is opposed to changes.
Answer: Conservative (रूढ़िवादी). They value stability and the preservation of established customs.
In simple words: Someone who prefers traditional values and is against sudden or major changes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of 'conserving' or keeping things the same to remember 'conservative'.

Question 46. People living at the same time. (2013, 15)
Answer: Contemporary (समकालीन). This term helps historians group events and people of the same era.
In simple words: People who live during the same period of time or events happening at the same time.

🎯 Exam Tip: 'Con-' means together, and 'temp' refers to time, meaning existing together in time.

Question 47. A list of books. (2016)
Answer: Catalogue (सूचीपत्र). It is an essential tool for organizing large collections of items systematically.
In simple words: A complete list of items, such as books in a library, arranged in a systematic order.

🎯 Exam Tip: A catalogue helps organize and locate items easily in a collection.

(5) Idioms and Phrases (मुहावरे और वाक्यांश)

Idiomatic Adjective and Noun Phrases

Question 193. To bring to account
Answer: Meaning: to call explanation (जवाब-तलब करना). Example: For being absent, the peon was brought to account by the principal. It is important to hold people responsible for their duties.
In simple words: To make someone explain their actions or mistakes.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use this idiom when someone is held responsible for doing something wrong.

Question 194. To bring to light
Answer: Meaning: to disclose the truth (सत्य बात प्रकाश में लाना). Example: He was pressed hard to bring the secret to light. Revealing hidden facts helps in maintaining transparency.
In simple words: To reveal a secret or make something known to everyone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that "light" represents truth or knowledge, so bringing something to light means making it visible.

Question 195. To bring to book
Answer: Meaning: to give due punishment (उचित दण्ड देना). Example: The thief was brought to book by the judge. Justice is served when wrongdoers face the consequences of their actions.
In simple words: To punish someone for doing something wrong or illegal.

🎯 Exam Tip: This phrase is commonly used in legal contexts or when authority figures punish wrongdoers.

Question 196. To burn the candle at both ends
Answer: Meaning: to spend money very quickly (तेजी से धन खर्च करना). Example: After the death of his father he burnt the candle at both ends and now he is penniless. Saving money is crucial for a secure future.
In simple words: To waste your money or energy very quickly.

🎯 Exam Tip: This idiom can refer to wasting money or working so hard that you exhaust yourself.

Question 197. To burn the midnight oil
Answer: Meaning: to work hard day and night (रात-दिन काम करना). Example: When the examinations are near, the students burn the midnight oil. Consistent hard work is the key to academic success.
In simple words: To study or work late into the night.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a highly popular idiom for exam preparation, making it a favorite for examiners.

Question 198. To blow one's own trumpet
Answer: Meaning: to boast of one's own achievement (अपनी शेखी मारना). Example: I hate a man who blows his own trumpet. Humility is a highly respected virtue in society.
In simple words: To praise oneself or boast about one's own achievements.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use this idiom to describe someone who is constantly bragging about themselves.

Question 199. To breathe one's last
Answer: Meaning: to die (मरना). Example: Mahatma Gandhi breathed his last on 30th January. His legacy continues to inspire generations.
In simple words: To take one's final breath and pass away.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a polite and literary way of saying someone has died.

Question 200. To bury the hatchet
Answer: Meaning: to stop quarrelling (लड़ाई-झगड़ा समाप्त करना). Example: You have found your book, so bury the hatchet now. Forgiving others brings peace of mind.
In simple words: To end a conflict and become friendly again.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Hatchet" is a weapon, so burying it symbolises putting away weapons to make peace.

Question 201. To call bad names
Answer: Meaning: to rebuke (गाली देना). Example: It is a bad habit to call bad names to anybody. Respectful communication builds stronger relationships.
In simple words: To use abusive language or insult someone.

🎯 Exam Tip: Ensure you use the correct preposition "to" when using this phrase in a sentence.

Question 202. To carry coal to newcastle
Answer: Meaning: to do something absurd (सूर्य को दीपक दिखाना). Example: To import sugar to India is to carry coal to new castle. Doing redundant tasks wastes valuable time and resources.
In simple words: To do something completely unnecessary because the place already has plenty of it.

🎯 Exam Tip: Newcastle is famous for coal, so bringing coal there is pointless. Use this logic to remember the meaning.

Question 203. To cut a sorry figure
Answer: Meaning: to leave a poor impression (अच्छा प्रभाव न डाल सकना). Example: My friend could not speak well in the function and he cut a sorry figure. Preparation is essential to perform confidently in public.
In simple words: To perform poorly and make a bad impression on others.

🎯 Exam Tip: This idiom is often used to describe a disappointing performance in public speaking or exams.

Question 204. To chalk out a plan
Answer: Meaning: to lay out (योजना बनाना). Example: It is good to chalk out a plan before starting a work. Proper planning prevents poor performance.
In simple words: To design, draft, or prepare a detailed plan.

🎯 Exam Tip: Think of drawing a plan on a blackboard with chalk to easily remember this phrase.

Question 205. To come to the conclusion
Answer: Meaning: to come to a decision (परिणाम पर पहुँचना). Example: After a long discussion, they came to the conclusion. Reaching a mutual agreement resolves conflicts.
In simple words: To reach a final decision or judgment after thinking or discussing.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a very common formal phrase used in essays and debates to summarize findings.

Question 206. To come off with flying colours
Answer: Meaning: to get a good position (अच्छी सफलता प्राप्त करना). Example: Working hard, he came off with flying colours in the examination. Dedication always leads to outstanding achievements.
In simple words: To achieve great success or win with excellent results.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Flying colours" refers to victorious flags, so it always means succeeding brilliantly.

Question 207. To cry over spilt milk
Answer: Meaning: to be sorry for the past (बीते पर पछताना). Example: You did not listen to my advice, now it is no use crying over spilt milk. It is better to focus on the future rather than regretting the past.
In simple words: To waste time worrying about past mistakes that cannot be changed.

🎯 Exam Tip: This is a very common proverb; remember that it is always used in a negative sense (e.g., "no use crying...").

Question 208. To cry for the moon
Answer: Meaning: to desire for impossible (असम्भव की इच्छा करना). Example: Your desire to go to America is a cry for the moon. Setting realistic goals helps us achieve success step by step.
In simple words: To want something that is completely impossible to get.

🎯 Exam Tip: Since reaching the moon was historically impossible, crying for it means wishing for the unreachable.

Question 209. To count chickens before they are hatched
Answer: Meaning: to expect something before the proper time (उचित समय से पूर्व आशा करना). Example: Wait for the result because it is no use of counting chickens before they are hatched. Patience is necessary when waiting for outcomes.
In simple words: To make plans based on future events that might not actually happen.

🎯 Exam Tip: This idiom warns against being overconfident about future success before it is guaranteed.

Question 210. To fall a victim
Answer: Meaning: to suffer (शिकार बनना). Example: Many students fell victim to a strict invigilator. Being careful helps avoid unnecessary trouble.
In simple words: To be harmed, cheated, or badly affected by someone or something.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Fall a victim" or "fall victim to" are both acceptable, but ensure the subject matches the verb tense.

Question 211. To find fault with
Answer: Meaning: to point out defects (कमी निकालना). Example: It is not good to find fault with others. Focusing on positive traits builds better friendships.
In simple words: To constantly criticize or look for mistakes in someone or something.

🎯 Exam Tip: This phrase is always followed by the preposition "with" when referring to a person or object.

Question 212. To flash across one's mind
Answer: Meaning: to strike in mind (दिमाग में कोई बात आना). Example: Sometimes a good idea flashes across our mind. Writing down sudden thoughts helps us remember them later.
In simple words: To suddenly think of an idea or a thought.

🎯 Exam Tip: Use this idiom to describe a sudden spark of inspiration or a quick realization.

Question 213. To fall out
Answer: Meaning: to quarrel (झगड़ा करना). Example: Ram and Rahim fell out on a trifle. Small misunderstandings should not ruin long-term friendships.
In simple words: To have an argument or disagreement with someone.

🎯 Exam Tip: "Fall out" is a phrasal verb, so make sure to change "fall" to "fell" when writing in the past tense.

Question 214. To gain ground
Answer: Meaning: to make progress (उन्नति करना). Example: It will take time for gaining ground in your new business. Steady efforts lead to long-term growth.
In simple words: To make progress, become more popular, or get closer to success.

🎯 Exam Tip: This idiom is highly useful in business and political contexts to show steady advancement.