UP Board Solutions Class 10 English Chapter 3 The Ganga

Class 10 English Prose Chapter 3 Questions And Answers Up Board The Ganga (Jawaharlal Nehru).

कक्षा 10 अंग्रेजी पाठ 3 प्रश्न उत्तर

Comprehension Questions On Paragraphs

In the examination paper, there are asked only two questions from each paragraph. Given below are some more questions for extra practice. Read the following passages and answer the questions put thereupon :

(1) I have received so much -retained or preserved. [From para 1]

Question 1. What is the most precious gift that the author has received from his countrymen?
(वह सबसे मूल्यवान उपहार कौन-सा है जो लेखक को अपने देशवासियों से प्राप्त हुआ है ?)
Answer: 1. The most precious gift that the author has received from his countrymen is their love and affection. (सबसे मूल्यवान उपहार जो लेखक को अपने देशवासियों से प्राप्त हुआ है, वह है उनका प्रेम तथा स्नेह ।)
In simple words: The author considers the love and affection he received from his fellow citizens as the most valuable present.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on identifying the core sentiment of gratitude and the reciprocal relationship between a leader and their people for scoring well.

Question 2. What has overwhelmed the writer of the lesson ?
(किस वस्तु ने इसे पाठ के लेखक को अभिभूत कर दिया है?).
Answer: 2. The affection of all classes of Indian people has overwhelmed the writer. (भारतीय लोगों के सभी वर्गों के व्यक्तियों के स्नेह ने लेखक को अभिभूत कर दिया है।)
In simple words: The widespread affection from all sections of Indian society has deeply moved and affected the writer.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understanding the emotional impact of public sentiment on the author is key; emphasize the depth and universality of this affection.

Question 3. What does the author owe to his comrades and colleagues ?
(लेखक अपने सहकर्मियों और साथियों का किस बात का ऋणी है ?)
Answer: 3. The author owes deeper debt of gratitude to his comrades and colleagues,because they had been joint partners in great works and in triumphs and sorrows. (लेखक अपने साथियों और सहकर्मियों के अधिक आभारी हैं, क्योंकि वे सभी महान् कार्यों में तथा विजय एवं दुःखों में उनके सहभागी रहे हैं ।)
In simple words: The author feels deeply indebted to his comrades and colleagues because they shared successes and hardships in their collective efforts.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the shared experiences of 'great works, triumphs, and sorrows' to illustrate the strong bond and the reason for the author's gratitude.

Question 4. What does the writer hope in the remaining years of his life?
(अपने शेष बचे हुए जीवन में लेखक क्या आशा करता है ?)
Answer: 4. The writer hopes that in the remaining years of his life he would not be unworthy of his people and their affection. (लेखक आशा करता है कि अपने जीवन के शेष बचे हुए दिनों में वह अपने लोगों के तथा उनके स्नेह के अयोग्य नहीं होगा।)
In simple words: The writer hopes to remain deserving of his people's love and affection for the rest of his life.

🎯 Exam Tip: This question tests the author's commitment. Emphasize his desire to uphold the trust and affection placed in him by his countrymen.

Question 5. What is the desire of the writer after his death?
(मृत्यु के बाद लेखक की क्या इच्छा है ?)
Or
How does the writer want his body to be treated after his death?
(अपनी मृत्यु के बाद लेखक अपने शरीर के साथ कैसा व्यवहार चाहता है ?) ।
Answer: 5. The writer desires that after his death his body should be cremated where he dies.. (लेखक की इच्छा है कि मृत्यु के बाद उनके शरीर का दाह-संस्कार वहीं कर दिया जाए जहाँ वे मरें ।)
In simple words: The writer wishes for his body to be cremated at the place where he passes away.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note the specific instruction regarding cremation location, which reflects a personal preference over traditional practices.

Question 6. Where should his ashes be sent in case he dies in a foreign country?
(यदि उनकी मृत्यु विदेश में हो तो उनकी राख को कहाँ भेजा जाए ?)
Or
What does the author wish if he died in a foreign country?
(लेखक की क्या इच्छा है यदि उनकी मृत्यु विदेश में हो ?)
Answer: 6. If the author dies in a foreign country, he wishes that his body should be cremated there and his ashes should be sent to Allahabad. (यदि लेखक की मृत्यु विदेश में हो तब उसकी इच्छा है कि उसका शरीर वहीं जला दिया जाए और उसकी राख को इलाहाबाद भेज दिया जाए ।)
In simple words: If the author dies abroad, he wishes for cremation there, but his ashes should be sent to Allahabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Distinguish between the cremation location (where he dies) and the desired destination for his ashes (Allahabad), as both are key details.

(2) My desire to have -their flowing waters. [From para 2]

Question 1. Whose varying moods', etc. has the author referred to in this passage?
(इस गद्यांश में 'varying mood' आदि शब्दों से लेखक ने किस ओर इंगित किया है ?)
Answer: 1. The author has referred to the varying moods of the rivers Ganga and Jamuna. (लेखक ने गंगा नदी व जमुना नदी के varying moods की ओर इंगित किया है ।)
In simple words: The author is referring to the ever-changing characteristics and states of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify "Ganga and Jamuna" as the specific rivers whose dynamic nature the author describes.

Question 2. Why was the author deeply attached to the Ganga ?
(लेखक गंगा से इतना अधिक प्यार क्यों करता था?)
Answer: 2. The author was deeply attached to the Ganga because since his childhood he has been watching moods of the Ganga and Jamuna. As the seasons changed he has thought of their history, myth, tradition, song and story. (लेखक गंगा से अत्यधिक जुड़ा हुआ था, क्योंकि अपने बचपन से ही वह गंगा और जमुना के स्वरूपों को देखता रहा है। जैसे-जैसे मौसम बदले, उसने उनके इतिहास, पौराणिक कथा, परम्परा, गीत और कहानी के विषय में सोचा है ।)
In simple words: The author felt a deep connection to the Ganga and Jamuna due to a lifelong observation of their changing nature and reflections on their historical and cultural significance.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the long-term, childhood attachment and the cultural/historical reflection (history, myth, tradition, song, story) as reasons for his deep bond.

Question 3. Why did Nehru want a handful of his ashes immersed in the Ganga at Allahabad?
(नेहरू जी अपने शरीर की एक मुट्ठी राख को इलाहाबाद में गंगा में क्यों बहाना चाहते थे ?)
Answer: 3. Nehru wanted a handful of his ashes to be immersed in the Ganga at Allahabad because he had been attached to the Ganga and Jamuna since his childhood. (नेहरू जी अपने शरीर की एक मुट्टी राख को इलाहाबाद में गंगा में बहाना चाहते थे, क्योंकि गंगा और जमुना से उनका लगाव बचपन से ही रहा था।)
In simple words: Nehru desired a small portion of his ashes to be scattered in the Ganga at Allahabad due to his profound, lifelong sentimental attachment to these rivers.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core reason is his 'childhood attachment' and emotional bond, not religious belief, which is a crucial distinction for this question.

(3) The Ganga especially-work have been cast. [From para 3]

Question 1. Why is the author reminded of the snow-covered mountain on seeing the river Ganga ?
(गंगा नदी को देखकर लेखक को बर्फीले पहाड़ों की याद क्यों आती है ?) ।
Answer: 1. The river Ganga reminds the author of the snow-covered mountains because he loved these mountains very much. (गंगा नदी को देखकर लेखक को बर्फीले पहाड़ों की याद इसलिए आती है, क्योंकि वे उसे बहुत प्रिय हैं ।)
In simple words: The Ganga reminds the author of snow-covered mountains because of his deep personal affection for them.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key point is the author's personal love for the mountains, establishing an emotional connection rather than a purely visual one.

Question 2. How can it be said that the river Ganga represents India's culture and civilization?
(यह कैसे कहा जा सकता है कि गंगा नदी भारतीय संस्कृति और सभ्यता का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है ?)
Answer: 2. The river Ganga has been a symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization. So it can be said that it represents India's culture and civilization. (गंगा नदी भारत की युगों पुरानी संस्कृति और सभ्यता की प्रतीक रही है। इस कारण कहा जा सकता है कि यह भारत की सभ्यता और संस्कृति का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है ।)
In simple words: The Ganga is seen as representing India's culture and civilization because it has historically served as a continuous symbol of the nation's ancient heritage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the Ganga's role as an "age-long symbol" to explain its representation of India's cultural and civilizational identity.

Question 3. Why is the Ganga beloved of the Indian people?
(गंगा भारत के लोगों को क्यों प्रिय है ?)
Answer: 3. The Ganga is beloved of the Indian people because her racial memories, her hopes and fears, her songs of triumph and defeats are intertwined round her. (गंगा भारत के लोगों की प्रिय है क्योंकि उसके चारों ओर भारत की जातीय स्मृतियाँ, उसकी आशाएँ और भय, उसकी विजय और पराजय के गीत जुड़े हुए हैं ।)
In simple words: The Ganga is cherished by Indians because it embodies their collective historical memories, aspirations, anxieties, and the narratives of both their victories and defeats.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize the deep emotional and historical intertwining of the Ganga with the 'racial memories, hopes, fears, triumphs, and defeats' of the Indian people.

Question 4. What does the Ganga symbolize?
Answer: 4. The Ganga symbolizes India's age-long culture and civilization. (गंगा भारत की युगों पुरानी संस्कृति और सभ्यता की प्रतीक है ।)।
In simple words: The Ganga symbolizes the enduring culture and civilization of India that spans across ages.

🎯 Exam Tip: A concise answer focusing on "India's age-long culture and civilization" is sufficient to score well here.

Question 5. What does the Ganga remind Pt. Nehru of?
(गंगा पं० नेहरू को किस बात की याद दिलाती है ?)
Answer: 5. The Ganga reminds Pt. Nehru of snow-covered peaks and deep valleys of Himalayas and the rich and vast plains below. (गंगा पं० नेहरू को हिमालय की बर्फ से ढकी चोटियों, गहरी घाटियों तथा नीचे विशाल और उपजाऊ मैदानों की याद दिलाती है ।)
In simple words: The Ganga reminds Pt. Nehru of the majestic Himalayan peaks, their deep valleys, and the vast, fertile plains of India below.

🎯 Exam Tip: List both the geographical features (snow-covered peaks, deep valleys) and the expansive plains to fully answer what the Ganga evokes for Nehru.

Question 6. Which words in the passage mean :
(a) victory,
(b) mixed intimately
Answer: 6. (a) victory = triumph, (b) mixed intimately = intertwined.
In simple words: This question asks for synonyms of "victory" and "mixed intimately" as found in the text, which are "triumph" and "intertwined" respectively.

🎯 Exam Tip: For vocabulary questions, search the passage for words that perfectly capture the meaning of the given terms, ensuring exact matches or close synonyms.

(4) Smiling and dancing -ocean of the future. [From para 4]

Question 1. What, according to the writer, is the scene of the Ganga like in the morning and when the evening shadows fall?
(लेखक के अनुसार प्रातःकाल तथा सायंकाल के समय गंगा का दृश्य कैसा होता है ?)
Or
How does the Ganga look in the morning sunlight?
(गंगा प्रातःकाल कैसी दिखाई पड़ती है ?)
Answer: 1. According to the writer the Ganga looks smiling and dancing in the morning and dark, gloomy and full of mystery in the evening. (लेखक के अनुसार प्रातःकाल के समय गंगा मुस्कुराती हुई और नाचती हुई दिखाई देती है जबकि शाम को अँधेरी, उदास तथा रहस्यमयी प्रतीत होती है ।)
In simple words: In the morning, the Ganga appears cheerful and lively, while in the evening, it becomes dark, somber, and enigmatic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Contrast the morning imagery ("smiling and dancing") with the evening's ("dark, gloomy, and full of mystery") to highlight the Ganga's different moods.

Question 2. How does, according to the writer, the Ganga look during the winter?
(लेखक के अनुसार जाड़ों में गंगा कैसी दिखाई देती है ?)
Or
When does the Ganga become a narrow, slow and graceful stream?
(गंगा संकीर्ण, मन्द तथा शोभायुक्त जलधारा कब बन जाती है ?)
Answer: 2. The Ganga looks like a narrow, slow and graceful stream in winter. (जाड़ों में गंगा संकीर्ण, मन्द तथा शोभायुक्त जलधारा के रूप में प्रतीत होती है ।)
In simple words: During winter, the Ganga transforms into a narrow, slow, and elegantly flowing stream.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the three key adjectives - 'narrow, slow, and graceful' - used to describe the Ganga's appearance in winter.

Question 3. What is the scene of the Ganga like during the monsoon?
(मानसून के मौसम में गंगा का दृश्य कैसा लगता है ?)
Answer: 3. During monsoon the Ganga looks broad bosomed and with sea's power to destroy (बरसात में गंगा विशाल वक्षःस्थल वाली तथा समुद्र की विनाशकारी शक्ति लिये हुए दिखाई देती है ।)
In simple words: During the monsoon, the Ganga appears wide and powerful, reminiscent of the sea's destructive force.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the Ganga's expansion ("broad bosomed") and increased power ("sea's power to destroy") during the monsoon season.

Question 4. How does, according to the writer the Ganga look during the winter?
(लेखक के अनुसार सर्दी में गंगा कैसी दिखाई पड़ती है ?)
Answer: 4. According to the writer, the Ganga looks a narrow, slow and graceful stream during the winter. (लेखक के अनुसार सर्दी में गंगा सँकरी, धीमी और सुशोभित धारा प्रतीत होती है।)
In simple words: In winter, the author describes the Ganga as a narrow, slow, and graceful stream.

🎯 Exam Tip: This repeats Question 2; ensure the description of 'narrow, slow, and graceful' is consistently applied for winter months.

(5)And though I have-wishes India's shores. [From para 5]

Question 1. Write the name of the lesson from which the above passage has been taken. Who is the author of this lesson?
(उपर्युक्त गद्यांश जिस पाठ से लिया गया है उसका नाम लिखिए। इसे पाठ का लेखक कौन है?)
Answer: 1. The above passage has been taken from the lesson ‘The Ganga'. The author of this lesson is Jawaharlal Nehru. (उपर्युक्त गद्यांश “The Ganga' नामक पाठ से लिया गया है। इसके लेखक जवाहरलाल नहेरू हैं।)
In simple words: The passage is from 'The Ganga,' and its author is Jawaharlal Nehru.

🎯 Exam Tip: Always remember the lesson title and author for basic identification questions.

Question 2. Why has Nehru discarded much of the past traditions ?
(नेहरू ने भूतकाल की बहुत-सी परम्पराओं को क्यों त्याग दिया है ?)
Answer: 2. Nehru has discarded much of past traditions and customs because they bind and constrain her, and divide people of India. (नेहरू ने भूतकाल की बहुत-सी परम्पराओं और रीति-रिवाजों को त्याग दिया है, क्योंकि वे उसे बाँधती हैं, सीमित करती हैं और भारत के लोगों को विभाजित करती हैं।)
In simple words: Nehru rejected many past traditions and customs because he believed they constrained, limited, and divided the people of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Key reasons for discarding traditions are their binding, constraining, and divisive nature; emphasize these negative impacts.

Question 3. What does the author want India to get rid herself of ?
(लेखक भारत को किन बातों से छुटकारा दिलाना चाहता है?)
Answer: 3. The author wants India to get rid herself of all shackles that bind and constrain and divide her people. (लेखक चाहता है कि भारत उन जंजीरों से छुटकारा पा ले जो भारत के लोगों को बाँधती हैं और विभाजित करती हैं।)
In simple words: The author wants India to shed all restricting bonds that limit and separate its people.

🎯 Exam Tip: The answer should clearly state the author's desire for India to overcome obstacles that 'bind, constrain, and divide' its citizens.

Question 4. What is the writer conscious of ?
(लेखक किस बात से सचेत है ?)
Answer: 4. The writer is conscious of, that he too, like all of us is a link in the unbroken chain which goes back to the dawn of history in the immemorial past of India. (लेखक इस बात से सचेत है कि हम सभी के समान वह भी उस अटूट कड़ी का अंग है, जो भारत के अति प्राचीन अतीत में इतिहास के आरम्भ तक जाती है ।)
In simple words: The writer is aware that he, like everyone else, is a part of India's continuous historical legacy, linking back to its ancient past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the concept of being a "link in the unbroken chain" of India's ancient history to explain the author's consciousness.

Question 5. What gives inspiration to the writer?
(लेखक को कौन-सी बात प्रेरणा देती है ?)
Answer: 5. The unbroken chain gives inspiration to the writer. (अटूट जंजीर लेखक को प्रेरणा देती है ।)
In simple words: The continuous flow of historical and cultural heritage of India inspires the writer.

🎯 Exam Tip: The "unbroken chain" is the direct source of inspiration, representing continuity and heritage.

Question 6. Which chain would the author not break?
(लेखक कौन-सी जंजीर को नहीं तोड़ेगा ?)
Answer: 6. The author would not break the unbroken chain which goes back to the dawn of history in the immemorial past of India. (लेखक उस अटूट कड़ी को नहीं तोड़ेगा जो भारत के अति-प्राचीन अतीत में इतिहास के आरम्भ तक जाती है ।)
In simple words: The author refuses to sever the continuous historical and cultural link that connects modern India to its ancient past.

🎯 Exam Tip: Specify "the unbroken chain going back to the dawn of history" to demonstrate understanding of the deep historical connection the author wishes to maintain.

Question 7. What is the last homage of the author to India's cultural inheritance?
(भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत के प्रति लेखक की अंतिम श्रद्धांजलि क्या है ?)
Answer: 7. The last homage of the author to India's cultural inheritance was that he wanted that a handful of his ashes be thrown into the Ganga at Allahabad. (भारत की सांस्कृतिक विरासत के प्रति लेखक की अंतिम श्रद्धांजलि थी कि वे चाहते थे कि उनकी एक मुट्ठी राख इलाहाबाद में गंगा में प्रवाहित कर दी जाए ।)
In simple words: The author's ultimate tribute to India's heritage is his wish for a small portion of his ashes to be immersed in the Ganga at Allahabad.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state the specific act of homage: immersing ashes in the Ganga at Allahabad, linking it to India's cultural inheritance.

Question 8. Why did Pt. Nehru not want to discard the past completely?
(पं० नेहरू अतीत को पूरी तरह से क्यों छोड़ना नहीं चाहते ?),
Answer: 8. Pt. Nehru did not want to discard the past completely because he himself was a part of that great inheritance. (पं० नेहरू अतीत को पूरी तरह छोड़ना नहीं चाहते थे, क्योंकि वे स्वयं भी उस महान विरासत का एक भाग थे।)
In simple words: Pt. Nehru did not wish to entirely abandon the past because he considered himself an integral part of that rich heritage.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core reason is his self-identification as "a part of that great inheritance," showing his reverence for historical continuity.

Long Answer Type Questions

Answer the following questions in about 60 words :

Question 1. What did the Ganga mean to Jawaharlal Nehru? Why does Nehru call the Ganga ‘the river of India'? What did the Ganga remind Nehru of? |
(गंगा से जवाहरलाल नेहरू के लिए क्या तात्पर्य था ? नेहरू जी गंगा को भारत की नदी' क्यों कहते हैं ? गंगा नेहरू जी को किस बात की याद दिलाती है ?)
Or
What feelings has the writer expressed about the Jamuna and the Ganga in the lesson "The Ganga'?
("The Ganga' पाठ में लेखक ने जमुना और गंगा के बारे में क्या भावनाएँ व्यक्त की हैं?)
Or
why was Nehruji so attached to the Ganga?
(नेहरू जी को गंगा के प्रति लगाव क्यों था?)
Or
What is the significance of the Ganga for Nehru and for India ?
(नेहरू जी तथा भारत के लिए गंगा का क्या महत्त्व है ?)
Or
What were the views of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru about the river Ganga and about the people of the country?
(पं० जवाहरलाल नेहरू के गंगा नदी तथा देश की जनता के बारे में क्या विचार थे?)
Or
What do you come to know about Pt. Nehru after reading the lesson “The Ganga'?
Answer: The Ganga and the Jamuna meant a lot to Jawaharlal Nehru. He had been attached to them ever since his childhood. His attachment had grown with years. He had watched their changing moods with the change of seasons. They had been a source of great inspiration for him. Inspite of this his attachment to the Ganga was not religious. Nehru calls the Ganga ‘the river of India' because it is loved by her people. The songs of India's victories, defeats, racial memories, hopes and fears are interwoven round the Ganga. It is also a symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization which have ever been changing and ever-flowing like the Ganga. The Ganga reminded Nehru of the snow-covered peaks and the deep valleys of the Himalayas which he loved so much and of the rich and vast plains below, where his life and work had been shaped. (नेहरू जी के लिए गंगा और जमुना का अत्यधिक महत्त्व है। वे अपने बचपन से ही इनसे जुड़े हुए हैं। समय के साथ इनसे उनका लगाव बढ़ता ही गया है। उन्होंने बदलती ऋतुओं के साथ-साथ इनके बदलते स्वरूप को देखा है। ये उनके लिए प्रेरणा के महान स्रोत हैं। इसके बावजूद गंगा से उनका लगाव धार्मिक नहीं था। गंगा नदी को नेहरू जी 'भारत की नदी' कहते हैं, क्योंकि यह यहाँ के सभी लोगों को प्रिय है। भारत की हार-जीत, प्रजातीय संस्मरण, आशा और आशंकाएँ सभी गंगा से गुंथी हुई हैं। यह भारत की उस प्राचीन संस्कृति एवं सभ्यता की प्रतीक है, जो गंगा की तरह सतत् प्रवाह में है तथा सतत् परिवर्तनशील भी है। गंगा नेहरू जी को बर्फ से ढकी चोटियों, हिमालय की गहरी घाटियों, जिनको वे बेहद प्यार करते थे, की याद दिलाती है; साथ ही उन विशाल मैदानों की भी जहाँ उन्होंने जीवनभर कार्य किया तथा उनका जीवन गढ़ा गया ।)
In simple words: For Nehru, the Ganga and Jamuna were deeply significant, representing India's enduring culture and civilization, evolving like the rivers themselves, and holding personal memories of the Himalayas and the plains where his life's work unfolded, despite his attachment not being religious.

🎯 Exam Tip: When addressing multiple facets of the Ganga's significance to Nehru and India, ensure you cover his personal attachment, its symbolic role (culture, civilization, memories), its dynamic nature, and what it reminded him of, emphasizing the non-religious aspect of his bond.

Question 2. what was the will of Pt. Nehru ? Describe its main points. Why did Nehru want his ashes to be immersed into the Ganga ?
(पं० नेहरू की वसीयत क्या थी ? इसके मुख्य बिन्दुओं का वर्णन कीजिए। नेहरू जी अपनी राख को गंगा में प्रवाहित कराना क्यों चाहते थे ?)
Or
How does Nehru want his ashes to be disposed of
(पं० नेहरू अपनी राख को किस प्रकार समाप्त कराना चाहते थे ?)
Or
Why did Nehru want his ashes to be scattered over the fields of India?
(नेहरू जी क्यों चाहते थे कि उनकी रार, का अधिकांश भाग भारत के खेतों में बिखेर दिया जाए ?)
Or
What does Pt. Nehru desir: to be done to his body after his death?
(अपनी मृत्यु के बाद पं० नेहरू अपने शरीर को कैसे समाप्त कराना चाहते थे ?)
Answer:
1. According to his Will Pt. Nehru wanted that when he should die, his body should be cremated.
2. He wanted that a handful of his ashes should be thrown in the Ganga at Allahabad. He made it clear that it was only due to his intense love for the Ganga and the Jamuna since his childhood.
3. He also wanted that the major portion of his ashes should be scattered over the fields of India, so that the ashes of his body should be mixed in the soil of India of which it was made. (अपनी वसीयत के अनुसार पं० नेहरू चाहते थे कि जब वे मरें तब उनका दाह-संस्कार किया जाए। 2. वे चाहते थे कि उनके शरीर की एक मुट्ठी राख इलाहाबाद में गंगा में डाल दी जाए। उन्होंने यह भी स्पष्ट किया कि वे ऐसा इसलिए चाहते हैं क्योंकि वे बचपन से ही गंगा और यमुना के प्रति आकर्षित रहे हैं। 3. वे यह भी चाहते थे कि उनकी राख का अधिकांश भाग भारत के खेतों में बिखेर दिया जाए, जिससे उनके शरीर की राख भारत की मिट्टी में मिल जाए जिससे यह बना है ।)
In simple words: Pt. Nehru's will stipulated cremation upon death, with a small portion of his ashes immersed in the Ganga at Allahabad due to his childhood affection, and the majority scattered over India's fields to mingle with its soil.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly enumerate the three main points of Nehru's will: cremation, scattering a handful of ashes in the Ganga (with the reason), and scattering the major portion over Indian fields (with the reason).

Question 3. Why does Nehru want much of the past traditions and customs to be discarded? What part of it does he want to preserve?
(नेहरू जी अतीत के रीति-रिवाज को क्यों छोड़ देना चाहते हैं ? इसके कौन-से भाग को वे बचाना चाहते हैं ?)
Or
Why does Nehruji want India to get rid herself of?
Answer: Nehru is proud of India's past. But he does not like many of its customs and traditions. These are very harmful. They divide her people. They prevent the free development of spirit. Nehru wants the people to get rid of all such customs and traditions. But, he wants some of our past customs and traditions to be preserved. They remind us of our glorious past. They serve as a link between the past and the present. Nehru wants to preserve this part of our past customs and traditions. He values it greatly. He calls it a treasure. He gets inspiration from it. (नेहरू जी को भारत के अतीत पर गर्व है। परन्तु वे इसके अधिकतर पुराने रीति-रिवाजों को पसन्द नहीं करते हैं। ये रीति-रिवाज बहुत हानिकारक हैं। ये इसके लोगों के बीच फूट डालते हैं। ये आत्मा के स्वतन्त्र विकास को भी रोकते हैं। नेहरू जी चाहते हैं कि लोग ऐसी सभी पुरानी रीतियों और परम्पराओं से छुटकारा पा लें। किन्तु वे चाहते हैं कि हमारी पुरानी रीतियों और परम्पराओं के कुछ भाग को बचाकर रखा जाए। वे हमें हमारे वैभवपूर्ण अतीत की याद दिलाते हैं। वे वर्तमान तथा अतीत के बीच एक कड़ी का भी कार्य करते हैं। नेहरू जी हमारी इन्हीं पुरानी रीतियों एवं परम्पराओं के इसी भाग को बचाकर रखना चाहते हैं। वे इसे बहुमूल्य समझते हैं। वे इससे प्रेरणा भी प्राप्त करते हैं।)
In simple words: Nehru advocates discarding harmful past traditions that divide people and hinder spiritual growth, yet he wishes to preserve beneficial customs that connect India to its glorious past, providing inspiration and acting as a valuable link to its heritage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Differentiate between the traditions Nehru wants to discard (those that bind, divide, and suppress) and those he wants to preserve (those that offer inspiration, remind of glory, and link past to present).

Question 4. What does Pt. Nehru say about the Ganga and her different moods in different seasons?
(पं० नेहरू गंगा के विषय में और भिन्न-भिन्न मौसमों में उसके भिन्न-भिन्न स्वरूपों के विषय में क्या कहते हैं ?)
Answer: Pt. Nehru says that the Ganga is especially is the river of India and is the beloved of her people. She has been a symbol of India's age long culture and civilization. She has different moods in different seasons. She looks smiling and dancing in the morning sunlight and dark and gloomy as the evening shadows fall. She becomes a narrow, slow and graceful stream in winter and a vast roaring thing during the monsoon having the power of sea to destroy. To Pt. Nehru Ganga has been a symbol and memory of the past, present and future of India. (पं० नेहरू कहते हैं कि गंगा विशेष रूप से भारत की नदी है और उसकी जनता की प्रिय है। वह भारत की युगों पुरानी संस्कृति और सभ्यता की प्रतीक रही है। भिन्न-भिन्न मौसमों में उसके भिन्न-भिन्न स्वरूप होते हैं। वह, प्रातः काल सूर्य के प्रकाश में मुस्कराती तथा नृत्य करती मालूम होती है और संध्या के समय उदास तथा रहस्यमय मालूम पड़ती है। सर्दियों में वह एक संकरी, धीमी और सुन्दर नदी बन जाती है और वर्षा ऋतु में समुद्र के समान विशाल और शोर करती हुई वस्तु हो जाती है मानों समुद्र की नष्ट करने की शक्ति प्राप्त कर ली हो। पं० नेहरू के लिए गंगा भूतकाल, वर्तमान काल तथा भविष्य की एक प्रतीक और स्मृति रही है।)
In simple words: Pt. Nehru describes the Ganga as India's beloved river, a symbol of its ancient culture and civilization, displaying varied moods through seasons—joyful in morning, mysterious in evening, graceful in winter, and powerful like the sea during monsoon—ultimately representing India's past, present, and future.

🎯 Exam Tip: Structure your answer by first stating the Ganga's general significance (beloved, symbol of culture), then detailing its appearance across different seasons (morning, evening, winter, monsoon), and finally its overarching symbolism (past, present, future).

Short Answer Type Questions

Read the following questions and answer them in about 25 words:

Question 1. To Nehru what was the most precious gift? who gave it to him in plenty?
What did he hope for?
Answer: The love and affection of his countrymen was the most precious gift to Nehru. All classes of people gave it to him in plenty. He hopes that in the remaining years he may live, he shall not be unworthy of his people and their affection. (अपने देशवासियों का प्रेम और स्नेह नेहरू के लिए सबसे कीमती उपहार था। सभी वर्गों के लोगों ने उन्हें यह पर्याप्त मात्रा में दिया। उनकी यही आशा थी कि उनके जीवन के शेष समय में वे अपने लोगों तथा उनके प्यार के अयोग्य सिद्ध न हों ।)
In simple words: Nehru considered his countrymen's abundant love and affection his most precious gift and hoped to remain worthy of it throughout his life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify "love and affection" as the precious gift and "all classes of people" as the givers. Conclude with his hope to remain worthy.

Question 2. what was Nehru unable to repay to the Indian people?
Answer: Nehru was unable to repay the love and affection which he received from the Indian people. (भारतीयों से जो प्रेम और स्नेह नेहरू को मिला, उसे चुकाने में वे असमर्थ रहे थे।)
In simple words: Nehru felt incapable of fully returning the immense love and affection he received from the Indian populace.

🎯 Exam Tip: The key point is the inability to repay the "love and affection," highlighting the priceless nature of public sentiment.

Question 3. Can Pt. Nehru repay the love and affection of Indian people? Why or why not?
(क्या पं० नेहरू भारतीयों के प्रेम तथा स्नेह का मूल्य चुका सकते हैं ? क्यों या क्यों नहीं ?)
Answer: Pt. Nehru cannot repay the love and affection of Indian people because he has nothing to repay so precious a thing. (पं० नेहरू भारतीयों के प्यार तथा स्नेह का मूल्य नहीं चुका सकते, क्योंकि इतनी मूल्यवान् वस्तु का मूल्य चुकाने के लिए उनके पास कुछ भी नहीं है ।)
In simple words: Pt. Nehru cannot repay the love and affection of Indian people because such a precious sentiment is invaluable and cannot be quantified or returned.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain that the love and affection are invaluable, therefore unpayable, emphasizing the spiritual rather than material nature of the bond.

Question 4. Did Nehru consider the Ganga a holy river? Why did he want his a shes immersed in the Ganga ?
(क्या नेहरू गंगा को एक पवित्र नदी मानते थे ? वे क्यों चाहते थे कि उनकी राख गंगा में विसर्जित की जाए ?)
Answer: Nehru did not consider the Ganga a holy river. He wanted his ashes immersed in the Ganga because he had been attached to it since his childhood. (नेहरू गंगा को एक पवित्र नदी नहीं मानते थे। वे चाहते थे कि उनकी राख गंगा में प्रवाहित कर दी जाए, क्योंकि बचपन से ही उनका लगाव गंगा से था ।)
In simple words: Nehru did not view the Ganga as holy but desired his ashes immersed there due to his deep, lifelong childhood attachment to the river.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly state Nehru's non-religious view of the Ganga, then explain his desire for immersion based purely on sentimental, childhood attachment.

Question 5. Why does Nehru call the Ganga 'the river of India'?
Answer: Nehru calls the Ganga ‘the river of India' because it has been the symbol of India's culture and civilization. It reminds of the hopes, fears, successes and defeats of the people of India. (नेहरू गंगा को भारत की नदी' कहते हैं, क्योंकि यह भारत की संस्कृति और सभ्यता का प्रतीक रही है। यह मरत के लोगों की आशाओं, भय, सफलता तथा हार की याद दिलाती है।)
In simple words: Nehru calls the Ganga 'the river of India' because it symbolizes the nation's culture, civilization, and embodies the collective experiences—hopes, fears, successes, and defeats—of its people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on its symbolic role for India's culture and civilization, and its embodiment of the people's collective history and emotions.

Question 6. What does the Ganga symbolize?
Answer: The Ganga symbolizes India's age-long culture and civilization. (गंगा भारत की दीर्घकालीन संस्कृति और सभ्यता की प्रतीक है ।)
In simple words: The Ganga represents the enduring culture and civilization of India throughout its long history.

🎯 Exam Tip: A direct and concise answer stating "India's age-long culture and civilization" is key here.

Question 7. what did the Ganga remind him of?
Answer: The Ganga reminded Nehru of the snow-covered peaks and deep valleys of the Himalayas, and its rich and vast plains. (गंगा नेहरू को हिमालय पर्वत की बर्फ से ढकी चोटियों और गहरी घाटियों तथा अपने उपजाऊ एवं विस्तृत मैदानों की याद दिलाती है ।)
In simple words: The Ganga brought to Nehru's mind the majestic snow-capped Himalayas, their deep valleys, and the expansive, fertile plains of India.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate the specific geographical features: "snow-covered peaks," "deep valleys of the Himalayas," and "rich and vast plains."

Question 8. How long before he died, did Nehru write his will? How do you know?
(अपनी मृत्यु से कितने समय पूर्व नेहरू जी ने अपनी वसीयत लिखी ? आप इस बात को कैसे जानते हैं?)
Answer: Nehru wrote his Will about ten years before he died. I know he wrote his Will on June 21, 1954 and he died on May 27, 1964. (नेहरू जी ने अपनी वसीयत अपने मरने के लगभग दस वर्ष पूर्व लिखी थी। मैं जानता हूँ कि उन्होंने अपनी वसीयत 21 जून, 1954 ई० को लिखी और उनकी मृत्यु 27 मई, 1964 ई० को हुई ।)
In simple words: Nehru penned his will approximately ten years before his demise, with specific dates indicating it was written on June 21, 1954, and he passed away on May 27, 1964.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide both the approximate duration (ten years) and the exact dates of writing the will and his death for a complete and accurate answer.

Question 9. what is Nehru anxious of ?
(नेहरू जी किस बात के लिए उत्सुक हैं ?)
Answer: Nehru is anxious that India should get rid herself of all traditions and customs that bind, constrain and divide her people. (नेहरू जी इस बात के लिए उत्सुक हैं कि भारत उन सभी परम्पराओं और रीति-रिवाजों से छुटकारा पा ले जो उसे बाँधती हैं, कैद करती हैं और उसकी जनता को विभाजित करती हैं ।)
In simple words: Nehru is eager for India to shed traditions and customs that limit, restrict, and create divisions among its people.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the negative impacts of traditions ("bind, constrain and divide") to accurately describe Nehru's anxiety for India.

Question 10. what did Nehru receive from Indian people?
Answer: Nehru received love and affection from Indian people. (नेहरू जी ने भारतीयों से प्यार और स्नेह प्राप्त किया।
In simple words: Nehru was given immense love and affection by the Indian populace.

🎯 Exam Tip: The straightforward answer is "love and affection," highlighting the primary sentiment he received.

Question 11. why is the Ganga beloved of the people of India?
(गंगा भारतीय लोगों की प्रिय क्यों है ?)
Answer: Ganga is beloved of the people of India because she has been the symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization ever changing, ever flowing. (गंगा भारतीयों की प्रिय है क्योंकि वह भारत की युगों पुरानी संस्कृति और सभ्यता की प्रतीक रही है, जो कि सदैव परिवर्तनशील होते हुए भी सदैव अग्रसर रही है ।)
In simple words: The Ganga is cherished by Indians as it embodies the country's enduring and dynamic culture and civilization, constantly evolving yet ever-present.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the Ganga's symbolism of "age-long culture and civilization" with its dynamic "ever changing, ever flowing" nature to explain its beloved status.

Question 12. what were the two main points which Nehru made in his will ?
(वे दो कौन-सी मुख्य बातें थीं जो नेहरू जी ने अपनी वसीयत में लिखीं ?)
Answer: The two main points which Nehru wrote in his Will were:
1. His body should be cremated where he dies.
2. A handful of his ashes should be thrown in the Ganga and its major portion should be scattered on the fields of India. (दो मुख्य बातें जो नेहरू जी ने अपनी वसीयत में लिखीं, वे थीं :
In simple words: Nehru's will primarily specified that his body should be cremated wherever he died, and his ashes partially immersed in the Ganga, with the greater part scattered across India's fields.

🎯 Exam Tip: Clearly list both main directives: the cremation location and the two distinct destinations for his ashes (Ganga and fields of India).

Question 13. Why did Nehru want the major portion of his ashes scattered over the fields of India?
(नेहरू जी क्यों चाहते थे कि उनकी राख का अधिकांश भाग भारत के खेतों में बिखेर दिया जाए ?)
Answer: Nehru wanted that major portion of his ashes should be scattered over the fields of India so that the ashes of his body should be mixed in the soil of India of which it was made. (नेहरू जी चाहते थे कि उनकी राख का अधिकांश भाग भारत के खेतों में बिखेर दिया जाए ताकि वह उसी मिट्टी में मिल जाए जिससे यह बना है ।)
In simple words: Nehru desired his ashes to be scattered across India's fields so they could reintegrate with the soil from which he believed his body originated.

🎯 Exam Tip: The core reason is the desire for his ashes to become one with the "soil of India," symbolizing a deep connection to the land.

Question 14. How does Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru express his thankfulness to the country men ?
(पंडित जवाहरलाल नेहरू अपने देशवासियों के प्रति अपनी कृतज्ञता कैसे व्यक्त करते हैं ?)
Answer: Pt. Nehru is overwhelmed by the affection and respect bestowed upon him by his countrymen. He expresses his thankfulness to them by sincerely hoping to remain worthy of their affection throughout the remaining part of his life. (पंडित नेहरू अपने देशवासियों द्वारा दिये गये सम्मान व स्नेह से अभिभूत हैं। वे उनके प्रति कृतज्ञता प्रकट करने के लिए कहते हैं कि वे जीवन-पर्यन्त उनके स्नेह के योग्य बने रहेंगे ।)
In simple words: Overwhelmed by his countrymen's love and respect, Pt. Nehru expresses gratitude by striving to remain deserving of their affection for the rest of his life.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight his feeling of being "overwhelmed" and his commitment to "remain worthy" as the key expressions of his thankfulness.

Question 15. Why did Nehru owe a deep debt of gratitude to his friends and comrades?
(नेहरू अपने मित्रों एवं साथियों के प्रति कृतज्ञता का एक कर्ज क्यों मानते हैं ?)
Answer: Nehru's friends and comrades worked shoulder to shoulder with him in great undertakings. They shared many joys and sorrows with him. So, Nehru felt a debt of gratitude towards them. (नेहरू जी के मित्रों और साथियों ने कन्धे से कन्धा मिलाकर महान् कार्यों में उनके साथ काम किया। उन्होंने उनके साथ उनकी खुशियाँ और दुःख बाँटे । इसी कारण नेहरू जी उनके प्रति कृतज्ञता का ऋण महसूस करते हैं।)
In simple words: Nehru felt a profound debt to his friends and comrades because they shared significant endeavors, joys, and sorrows, working alongside him throughout.

🎯 Exam Tip: Emphasize their collaborative work ("shoulder to shoulder in great undertakings") and shared emotional experiences ("joys and sorrows") as the basis for his gratitude.

Question 16. Why did Nehru feel so much attached to the Ganga and the Jamuna?
9नेहरू गंगा व यमुना नदी से इतना अधिक लगाव क्यों महसूस करते थे ?)
Or
How was Nehru attached to the Ganga?
Answer: Nehru had been watching the Ganga and the Jamuna at Allahabad closely since his childhood. He had watched their moods all these years. So he was greatly attached to these rivers. (नेहरू जी बचपन से ही गंगा व जमुना नदी को इलाहाबाद में करीब से देखते आ रहे हैं। उन्होंने इनके बदलते रूप को भी देखा है। इसी कारण इनके प्रति उनका लगाव इतना गहरा था ।)
In simple words: Nehru felt a strong attachment to the Ganga and Jamuna because he had observed their changing moods closely since his childhood in Allahabad, fostering a lifelong connection.

🎯 Exam Tip: The central reason is his "childhood" connection and continuous observation of their "moods" at "Allahabad."

Question 17. To Nehru, how does the Ganga look like in the morning and in the evening?
(सुबह और शाम को गंगा नेहरू जी को कैसे दिखायी देती है ?)
Answer: To Nehru, Ganga looks smiling and dancing in the morning sunlight. But it looks dark and gloomy and full of mystery as the evening shadows fall. (नेहरू जी को गंगा प्रातःकालीन सूर्य के प्रकाश में मुस्कराती और नाचती प्रतीत होती है। लेकिन जैसे ही सायंकाल की छाया पड़ती है यह अँधियारी और उदास तथा रहस्यपूर्ण दिखाई पड़ती है ।)
In simple words: In the morning, the Ganga appears cheerful and vibrant to Nehru, while in the evening, it becomes dark, somber, and enigmatic.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight the contrast: "smiling and dancing" in the morning versus "dark, gloomy and full of mystery" in the evening.

Question 18. What does the Ganga look like in winter and during the monsoon?
(शीत ऋतु और मानसून के दौरान गंगा किसके समान दिखायी पड़ती है ?)
Answer: In winter the Ganga becomes a narrow stream and looks very graceful. During the monsoon it again turns into a roaring and vast river with something of the sea's power to destroy. (शीत ऋतु में गंगा एक सँकरी धारा का रूप ले लेती है जो कि बड़ी शोभायमान प्रतीत होती है। मानसून के दौरान यह फिर से विशाल और गर्जनशील नदी का रूप ले लेती है जिसमें सागर को कुछ विनाशकारी अंश आया प्रतीत होता है ।)
In simple words: In winter, the Ganga is a narrow, graceful stream, but during monsoon, it transforms into a vast, roaring river, embodying the sea's destructive power.

🎯 Exam Tip: Provide distinct descriptions for each season: "narrow and graceful stream" for winter, and "roaring and vast river with sea's power to destroy" for monsoon.

Question 19. What, according to Nehru, should India get rid of?
Answer: According to Nehru, India should get rid of the past traditions and customs that bind, divide and suppress her people. They prevent the free development of one's body and spirit. (नेहरू जी के अनुसार भारत को पुराने रीति-रिवाजों से मुक्ति प्राप्त करनी चाहिए जो कि उसके लोगों को बेड़ियों में बाँधते हैं, बॉटते हैं और उनका दमन करते हैं। ये मनुष्य के मुक्त आत्मिक व शारीरिक विकास में बाधक हैं ।)
In simple words: Nehru believes India should discard past traditions and customs that restrict, divide, and suppress its people, hindering their physical and spiritual freedom.

🎯 Exam Tip: Focus on the negative consequences of the traditions—"bind, divide and suppress" and "prevent free development of body and spirit"—to explain what India should discard.

Question 20. Why does Nehru not wish to cut himself off from the past completely?
(नेहरू जी अतीत से पूर्णतया अलग होने की चाह क्यों नहीं रखते ?)
Answer: Nehru does not wish to cut himself off the past completely because he is proud of that great inheritance. It is like an unbroken chain of which he himself is a link. (नेहरू जी अतीत से पूर्णतया अलग होना इसलिए नहीं चाहते क्योंकि उन्हें अपनी महान् विरासत पर गर्व है। यह एक बिना टूटी जंजीर के समान है, जिसकी वे भी एक कड़ी हैं।)
In simple words: Nehru refuses to detach entirely from the past because he cherishes India's rich heritage and sees himself as an integral, continuous link in that historical chain.

🎯 Exam Tip: The main reasons are his "pride" in India's "great inheritance" and his view of himself as a "link in an unbroken chain" of history.

Question 21. How can it be said that the Ganga at Allahabad was very dear to Pt. Nehru? |
(यह कैसे कह सकते हैं कि इलाहाबाद में स्थित गंगा नेहरू जी को बहुत प्रिय थी?)
Answer: The Ganga at Allahabad was very dear to Nehruji since his childhood. She reminded him of the rich and vast plains where his life and work had been cast. (इलाहाबाद में स्थित गंगा नेहरू जी को अपने बचपन से ही बहुत अधिक प्रिय थी। यह उन्हें उस उपजाऊ और विशाल मैदानों की याद दिलाती थी जहाँ उनका जीवन व कार्य ढले थे ।)
In simple words: The Ganga at Allahabad was very dear to Nehru because of his childhood attachment and its association with the vast plains that shaped his life and work.

🎯 Exam Tip: Highlight two key aspects: his "childhood" connection to the Ganga at Allahabad and its reminder of the "rich and vast plains" integral to his life and work.

Vocabulary

(a) Match the words in List 'A' with their nearest meaning in List 'B':

🎯 Exam Tip: Pay close attention to nuances in meaning and word families. Practice with a wide range of vocabulary to improve your matching skills.

(b) Fill in the blanks with proper words given below :
(1) Words : owe, gratitude, inevitably, sentiments
Answer:
1. Try to understand the sentiments of your countrymen.
2. You will inevitably get first division.
3. We owe greatly devotion and love to our motherland.
4. I can never forget your gratitude.
In simple words: This exercise tests your understanding of context-specific vocabulary by requiring you to select the most appropriate word to complete each sentence accurately.

🎯 Exam Tip: Read each sentence carefully to understand its meaning and identify grammatical cues that help in choosing the correct word from the given options.

(2) Words: symbol, discarded, constrain, inspiration
Answer:
1. Now the people have discarded many blind faiths.
2. We get inspiration from our forefathers.
3. Many old traditions constrain the people of India.
4. This gift is only the symbol of affection.
In simple words: This fill-in-the-blanks exercise helps reinforce vocabulary by applying appropriate words like 'discarded', 'inspiration', 'constrain', and 'symbol' into relevant sentences.

🎯 Exam Tip: Consider the grammatical role and semantic fit of each word within the sentence to ensure accuracy. Practicing similar sentence completion exercises improves vocabulary usage.

(c) Use the following words and phrases in your own sentences so as to make their meanings clear :
Words: disposed off, discarded, abundance, varying, gloomy
Answer:
1. He has disposed off all his old furniture.
2. The scientists have discarded many old theories.
3. Pt. Nehru got love from the people of India in abundance.
4. I can't guess anything from his varying moods.
5. Due to an accident, the atmosphere has become gloomy.
In simple words: This section requires you to construct clear sentences using provided vocabulary words to demonstrate your understanding of their meanings in context.

🎯 Exam Tip: For each word, create a sentence that distinctly illustrates its meaning, ensuring grammatical correctness and a natural flow. Use simple and direct constructions.