UP Board Solutions Class 10 Commerce Chapter 5 Filing

Filing Objective Type Questions (1 Mark)

Question 1. In folder filing system, folder file is made of:
(a) Hard Cardboard Sheet
(b) Soft Cardboard Sheet
(c) Thick Cardboard Sheet
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Thick Cardboard Sheet
In simple words: Folder files are typically made from sturdy, thick cardboard to ensure durability and protection for the documents they hold.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember the material of folder files for their practical application in filing systems.

Question 2. Index cards or guide cards are made of
(a) Cardboard Papers
(b) Hardboard Papers
(c) Colour Papers
(d) Black and White Papers
Answer: (a) Cardboard Papers
In simple words: Index and guide cards are made from durable cardboard paper to help organize and quickly locate documents within a filing system.

🎯 Exam Tip: Note that index and guide cards are primarily made of cardboard for strength and ease of use in sorting.

Question 3. If the Pigeon-hole system is adopted according to English alphabets these are compartments.
(a) 12
(b) 24
(c) 36
(d) 48
Answer: (b) 24
In simple words: The Pigeon-hole filing system, when organized alphabetically, typically uses 24 compartments, one for each letter of the English alphabet (excluding I and J, or combining some letters).

🎯 Exam Tip: Know the standard number of compartments for an alphabetized Pigeon-hole system, often related to the English alphabet.

Question 4. Most modem way of filing under Horizontal filing system is ............. system.
(a) Pigeon-hole Filing System
(b) Vertical or upright Filing System
(c) Shanon Filing System
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Shanon Filing System
In simple words: The Shanon Filing System is considered the most modern method for horizontal filing, offering efficiency and organized storage.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify the Shanon Filing System as a contemporary method within horizontal filing.

Question 5. .......... is an improved form of a folder filing system.
(a) Clip filing
(b) Shanon Filing System
(c) Pigeon-hole Filing System
(d) None of these
Answer: (a) Clip filing
In simple words: Clip filing is an enhanced version of the traditional folder filing system, likely offering better security or organization for documents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Understand that clip filing offers improvements over basic folder filing methods.

Filing Definite Answer Type Questions (1 Mark)

Question 1. Which is the most modern way of filing under the horizontal filing system?
Answer: Shanon Filing System.
In simple words: The Shanon Filing System is recognized as the most up-to-date method for organizing documents horizontally.

🎯 Exam Tip: Directly recall the Shanon Filing System when asked about modern horizontal filing methods.

Question 2. In which filing system a hard and thick steel wire is used?
Answer: Wire filing or Spindle Filling System.
In simple words: Wire filing, also known as spindle filling, uses a sturdy steel wire to hold documents, making it a simple and basic method.

🎯 Exam Tip: Connect the use of a hard steel wire specifically with wire filing or spindle filling systems.

Question 3. Which cards are made of cardboard paper?
Answer: Index cards or guide cards.
In simple words: Both index cards and guide cards are made from cardboard paper to provide durability for their role in organizing files.

🎯 Exam Tip: Remember that index and guide cards are typically cardboard-based for their function in filing.

Question 4. What kind of filing system mostly used in Government offices?
Answer: Cardboard Filing System.
In simple words: Government offices often use the Cardboard Filing System due to its practicality and robust nature for managing official documents.

🎯 Exam Tip: Associate the Cardboard Filing System with common usage in government settings.

Question 5. What kind of file is made of thick cardboard sheet?
Answer: Folder file.
In simple words: Folder files are constructed from thick cardboard sheets to ensure they are durable and can protect the papers inside.

🎯 Exam Tip: Know that folder files are specifically made from thick cardboard for structural integrity.

Filing Very Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)

Question 1. What is filing?
Answer: In common language ‘Filing' means keeping papers in its container i.e., file. The systematic preservation of letters for future reference is known as filing and it is an art of great value to modern business.
In simple words: Filing is the organized process of storing documents, typically letters, in a file or container for easy retrieval and future use in a business.

🎯 Exam Tip: Define filing as the systematic preservation of documents for future reference, emphasizing its value in modern business.

Question 2. What is vertical filing?
Answer: Still, further advancement in the art of filing is the vertical or upright filing system. Under this system, the files or folders containing letters are kept in the vertical position. The letters under this system remain unfastened as against the flat filing system where they are carefully fastened.
In simple words: Vertical filing is an advanced system where documents are stored upright in folders, allowing them to remain unfastened, unlike flat filing where they are secured.

🎯 Exam Tip: Explain vertical filing by highlighting its key characteristic: documents are stored upright and usually unfastened in folders.

Question 3. Explain Shanon Filing.
Answer: This is the most modern way of filing under the horizontal filing system. It contains all the merits of a good filing system. For this system, a cabinet is required which contains 4 to 64 compartments or drawers. The number of compartments varies according to the need. This type of cabinet can be purchased from the market.
In simple words: Shanon Filing is a modern horizontal filing system using cabinets with multiple compartments or drawers (4-64) to efficiently store documents, widely available in the market.

🎯 Exam Tip: Describe Shanon Filing as a modern, efficient horizontal system that uses specialized cabinets with varying numbers of compartments.

Question 4. What is wire filing?
Answer: Wire filing is the oldest and simplest system of filing. In this system, a hard and thick steel wire is used. One end of the wire remains attached to a wooden piece and the other end remains painted and bent letters, vouchers, post-cards etc. are threaded on its hooked piece of wire as they are received.
In simple words: Wire filing is a very old and simple method where documents like letters and vouchers are threaded onto a thick, hooked steel wire attached to a base.

🎯 Exam Tip: Identify wire filing as an ancient and basic system characterized by documents being pierced and held on a steel wire.

Filing Short Answer Type Questions (4 Marks)

Question 1. What are the advantages of vertical filing?
Answer: Advantages of vertical filing are as follows:
1. Secrecy: This system maintains secrecy because under this if the file of a customer is taken out, other files are not founded. This maintain the secrecy.
2. Safety: Due to locking arrangements in the drawers, letters are safe. There is no danger of misplacing of letters.
3. Scientific: Along with the letters of the customers, their replies are also kept inside the folders. Thus, this method is more scientific.
4. Elasticity: This system has the merit of elasticity. The number of folders can easily be increased or decreased according to the requirement.
5. Modern System: This is the most modern system of filing which is most commonly used nowadays.
In simple words: Vertical filing offers advantages like enhanced secrecy through individual file access, improved safety with lockable drawers, a scientific approach by keeping related documents together, flexibility to adjust folder numbers, and its recognition as a widely used modern system.

🎯 Exam Tip: When listing advantages of vertical filing, focus on key benefits such as secrecy, safety, scientific organization, elasticity, and its modern relevance.

Question 2. Give the main objects of filing.
Answer: Following are the main objects of filing:
1. Preservation of letters for future reference.
2. Filing saves important documents from destruction.
3. If there is any dispute arising between the business house and its correspondent. It can be settled with reference to past correspondence. It can act as evidence in the court of law.
4. Some documents are legally required to be preserved for a certain number of years.
5. Sometimes, instead of placing a new order, customers are the supplier to repeat the order. In such a case reference to past letters becomes necessary.
In simple words: The main purposes of filing include preserving documents for future reference, protecting important papers from damage, providing legal evidence in disputes, meeting legal retention requirements, and enabling easy retrieval for repeat orders or historical checks.

🎯 Exam Tip: Enumerate the core objectives of filing, highlighting future reference, protection, legal evidence, compliance, and operational efficiency.

Question 3. Give some essentials of good filing system.
Answer: Essential of good filing system are as follows:
1. Simplicity: Filing system should be very simple so that a man of general intelligence can easily operate it. There should not be any need for training for this type of work.
2. Safety: The main purpose of filing is to preserve the documents, so the filing system should be safe. That system which safeguards the documents from rats, insects, moisture etc.
3. Less Space Required: nowadays business houses suffer the accommodation problem. For this reason, filing should be of that type in which less space is required.
4. Economical: Expenses of filing should not be a burden on business. Cost of filing should be on less as possible. Only that filing system will be popular in which lesser expenses are incurred.
5. Easily Reachable: Files should be kept at a very convenient place where one can reach easily.
In simple words: A good filing system must be simple to operate, safe from damage, space-efficient, economical in terms of cost, and easily accessible for quick retrieval of documents.

🎯 Exam Tip: List the crucial characteristics of an effective filing system, such as simplicity, safety, space efficiency, economy, and accessibility.

Filing Long Answer Type Questions (8 Marks)

Question 1. What is filing? Describe vertical filing in detail. Or Describe the vertical filing system. Or What do you understand by filing? Describe the objectives of filing. Or Define filing. What are the advantages of filing? Describe briefly.
Answer: Meaning and Definition of Filing. In common language 'Filing' means keeping papers in their container i.e. file. But this definition of filing is not at all appropriate. Different authors have defined filing in different ways. Some of the important definitions are given below:

According to Thomas Evelyn, “Filing is the systematic classification of records and their safe preservation. It is the storing of letters, papers and documents so that they can be readily found when required.” According to Stephenson, “Filing provides a mechanism whereby business record may be stored so as to be readily available when required.”

It is very necessary for the proper functioning of a business house that all inward and outward correspondence of business should be carefully preserved for future reference. For this reason, it is required that there should be a good arrangement of preserving the copies of the letter coming in and going out of the office. These letters may be required at any time in future due to one reason or another. The letters should be preserved so systematically that no time would be wasted in finding them out.

The systematic preservation of letters for future reference is known as filing and ' it is an art of great value to modern business. If the filing system is inefficient then it creates a lot of trouble for the business house. So, the primary object of filing is the preservation of letters for future reference in a systematic manner.

Vertical Filing System: Under vertical or upright filing system, files or folders containing letters are kept in a vertical position. This system requires an almirah or cabinet containing drawers or compartments. Under this system, files are kept vertically and for that reason, drawers are made quite deep. The cabinet can also be locked, if needed, for the purpose of safety and secrecy.

Essential Requirements of Vertical Filing System: Following are the requirements of vertical filing system:

1. Cabinet: Under a vertical filing system, an almirah containing drawers or compartment is of prime requirement. A minimum number of drawers is two but the maximum number of drawers depends upon the requirements of the business house. Drawers are quite deep because the files are kept vertically.
2. Folder: In every business house some customer is regular and some irregular. Those customers who are regularly having regular correspondence are allotted a separate folder. This folder is made of strong cardboard which is folded from the middle so that the letters can be easily arranged in it. The back portion of the cardboard is slightly longer than the front side. The portion so extended contains an address or symbol of the customer. These folders are kept in the drawers either numerically, alphabetically or geographically depending upon the circumstances of the business house.
3. Index Cards or Guide Cards: These index cards or guide cards are also made of cardboard paper. The cards are kept in such a manner that they are slightly higher than the folder so that on the higher portion, full detail of the folder is written in short. For example, the folders are kept in alphabetical order and on guide card alphabet 'S' is written. It means that the folder contains all the correspondence of those customers whose names start from letter 'S'.
4. Absent Cards: The colours of absent card is different than the colour of the folder and guide card. When the folder is taken out, this absent card is kept in the drawer in place of a folder. Absent card contains the details like folder number, the date when the folder was taken out, and the name of the person who took out the folder.
5. Transfer Cases: After some time with the regular incoming of letters and other documents, the file becomes full of them and there is no more space left in the file. At this point, all the old letters are removed and kept in a box made of tin or wood known as transfer cases.
6. Sorting Tubs: All the letters which are to be filed are kept in a tub, popularly known as sorting tub. This sorting tub contains guide cards so that the letters are sorted out in a systematic manner.
7. Distribution shelves: When all the letters are sorted out, the letters which are to be put in a particular drawer, are put in the distribution shelf which is attached with the handle of the drawer.
8. Collection Trays: In big organizations, there are two trays placed upon every table; one is meant for keeping incoming letters and the other is meant for letters which are to be despatched. These collection trays may either be made of wood or of wire.
In simple words: Filing is the systematic organization and preservation of documents for future access, crucial for business operations. Vertical filing stores files upright in cabinets, requiring specific components like folders, index cards, and transfer cases for efficient and secure management.

🎯 Exam Tip: For a comprehensive answer, define filing and then detail vertical filing, including its system and essential components like cabinets, folders, and various cards, explaining each's function.

Question 2. What are the essentials of an ideal filing system?
Answer: Characteristics of Essentials of Good Filing System: Each and every filing system confers some merits and demerits too, but for being an ideal filing system it must have the following essentials incorporated in it:

1. Simplicity: Filing system should be so simple as requiring no special training to handle. Where the filing system is technical and very much complicated, it is bound to create a lot of problems of inefficiency in work.
2. Safety: The main purpose of filing is to preserve the documents so that they may be used for future reference. That sort of filing must be adopted as is helpful in the preservation of documents from rats, insects, moisture etc.
3. Less Time Consuming: In business dealing, a lot of papers are taken out and replaced every day. All the letters and documents should be so field and in such a manner that no time is wasted in locating any letter.
4. Less Space Requiring: Already the business houses suffer accommodation problem. Only that filing system is successful which requires as little space as that is possible.
5. Economical: All the business houses cannot afford the filing system which is expensive. A good filing system should be of the kind which requires as little money as possible in its maintenance.
6. Easily Approachable: Files should be kept at such a place and in such a manner that anyone, authorised and willing to extract any document can reach the place conveniently.
7. Secrecy: The filing system should not be such as falling within the reach of anyone, though undesirable. If that is so, it would become very difficult to maintain secrecy. Where secrecy is disclosed, that may prove dangerous for any business house.
8. Elasticity: With the passage of time, the volume of business may grow. When the business is advanced, a number of letters and documents which are incoming and outgoing also increases. Hence, the filing system which is adopted should be capable of being varied or extended in future.
In simple words: An ideal filing system should be simple to use, provide excellent safety for documents, save time in retrieval, require minimal space, be economical, easily accessible, ensure secrecy, and be flexible enough to adapt to growing business needs.

🎯 Exam Tip: When discussing an ideal filing system, list and briefly explain each essential characteristic like simplicity, safety, economy, space-saving, accessibility, secrecy, time-efficiency, and elasticity.