Official English Grammar Worksheets: Reading Comprehension
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Solved Practice Worksheets for English Grammar
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This English Grammar page offers bank-exam reading practice with two passages, one on India-Japan economic ties and one on health and traditional medicine, with 24 questions in all, with answers and explanations. You will practise inference, statement-based questions, author's view and vocabulary in context. Each answer gives a short reason and a Teacher's Note to help you improve your accuracy.
Passage 3: India and Japan - Economic Co-operation
Directions (Qs. 25-28): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
Since July 1991, the government of India has effectively put the liberalisation policy into practice. The drastic steps even include some administrative reforms for pruning the government agencies. Last year the Japanese business circles represented by the Ishikawa Mission called attention of their Indian counterparts to what they considered to be the major impediments in India. However, thanks to the almost revolutionary reforms put into effect by the Indian government, those impediments either have been removed or now are on their way out. This development gives a new hope for the future of economic co-operation between the two countries. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that there is a stiff competition with other countries, notably China and South-East Asian countries, in this regard. The success stories of ASEAN countries welcoming Japanese investments with adequate infrastructure are already known in India but it may be useful if further studies of Japanese joint ventures in ASEAN countries be made by Indian business circles. The coastal areas of China have initiated a very active campaign to welcome foreign economic participation.
Beyond our bilateral relationship, India’s more active participation in global economy is needed. India certainly deserves a far bigger share of world trade considering its vast resources. It is strongly hoped that the Indian government’s recently initiated effort of enlarging its export market would bear fruit.
India has steadfastly maintained its parliamentary democracy since independence. Considering its size, its population and its internal complexity, the overall maintenance of national integrity and political stability under parliamentary democracy is remarkable and admirable indeed. Here lies the base for the status of India in the world. By effectively implementing its economic reform with the support of public opinion, this democratic polity of India has again demonstrated its viability and resilience. At the same time, it gives hope and inspiration to the whole world which faces the difficult problem of North-South confrontation.
(a) future economic co-operation between Japan and India.
(b) need for removing policy and/or implementation hurdles.
(c) need for a stiff competition.
(d) striking down revolutionary reforms.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) need for removing policy and/or implementation hurdles.
Explanation:
1. The passage says the Mission called attention to what it considered the major impediments in India.
2. Impediments are hurdles, and the government later removed them, so the Mission stressed removing hurdles, (b).
3. Future co-operation is the hope that followed the reforms, not what the Mission emphasised, and the Mission did not oppose reforms.
Teacher's Note:
1. Replace difficult words with simple ones: impediments = hurdles.
2. Separate what was said then from what came as a later result.
(a) The government, in principle, agreed for removal of these hurdles.
(b) Bureaucracy succeeded in maintaining a status quo.
(c) Government thought it was against liberalisation policy.
(d) The Japanese delegation could not forcefully argue their case.
(e) It failed to remove these hurdles.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) The government, in principle, agreed for removal of these hurdles.
Explanation:
1. The passage says the government put revolutionary reforms into effect and the impediments have been removed or are on their way out.
2. So the government accepted the need to remove them, (a).
3. Options (b) and (e) say the hurdles stayed, which the passage denies.
Teacher's Note:
1. Look for the government’s action in the text, which is “reforms put into effect”.
2. Options that say “failed” or “status quo” go against the passage.
(a) It could not gather momentum for want of infrastructure.
(b) The experiment failed because of stiff competition from other countries.
(c) China and South-East Asian countries objected to Japanese investments.
(d) The passage does not provide complete information.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) The passage does not provide complete information.
Explanation:
1. The passage only says that ASEAN countries welcomed Japanese investments with adequate infrastructure and that Indian business circles should study these joint ventures further.
2. It does not describe the results in detail, so (d) is correct.
3. Options (a), (b) and (c) state failure or objection, which the passage does not say.
Teacher's Note:
1. When options claim specific results that the text never gives, “not enough information” can be the answer.
2. Do not invent outcomes.
(a) India should actively contribute in a big way as it had tremendous resources.
(b) India’s sharing in global economy has already been very fast and beyond its resources.
(c) India should refrain from making efforts in enlarging its export market.
(d) India needs to first strengthen its democracy.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) India should actively contribute in a big way as it had tremendous resources.
Explanation:
1. The author says India’s more active participation in the global economy is needed and that it deserves a far bigger share of world trade considering its vast resources.
2. That is (a).
3. He hopes the effort to enlarge exports will bear fruit, so (c) is wrong, and democracy is already called admirable, so (d) is wrong.
Teacher's Note:
1. Match the option to the line “deserves a far bigger share of world trade”.
2. An option that says the opposite of the author’s hope is wrong.
(a) political analyser
(b) Japanese bureaucrat
(c) economist
(d) Japanese politician
(e) Indian Prime Minister
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) economist
Explanation:
1. The passage studies economic reforms, investment, competition and world trade shares in an analytical way.
2. It takes no party position and does not speak as a government official or as the Prime Minister, so an economist, (c), fits best.
3. Nothing in the text shows the author holds office in a government.
Teacher's Note:
1. Infer the author’s field from the subject and the style of the passage.
2. Eliminate roles that need clear signs such as official speech or party views.
A. the size of the country
B. India’s population
C. its internal complexity
(a) None of the three
(b) All the three
(c) A & B only
(d) B & C only
(e) A & C only
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) All the three
Explanation:
1. The passage says, “Considering its size, its population and its internal complexity”, the maintenance of national integrity and stability is remarkable and admirable.
2. All three factors are named, so (b) is correct.
Teacher's Note:
1. A list in the passage often becomes a statement question; tick every item that appears.
2. Check the exact phrase before choosing “all” or “none”.
(a) success in political stability and national integration in democratic set-up.
(b) vast population.
(c) giant size.
(d) effective bilateral relationship with other countries.
(e) foreign economic participation.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) success in political stability and national integration in democratic set-up.
Explanation:
1. The author says, “Here lies the base for the status of India in the world”, referring to the maintenance of national integrity and political stability under parliamentary democracy.
2. That is (a).
3. Size and population are the difficulties that make the achievement remarkable, not the reason for the status.
Teacher's Note:
1. “Here” points back to the previous sentence, so read it carefully.
2. A difficulty overcome is not the same as the cause of success.
A. India’s successful experiment of economic reform has become an inspiration to the world.
B. Size, population and internal complexity of our country are the barriers in the way of attaining national integrity and political stability.
C. A few government agencies were not in favour of liberalisation policy at the beginning.
(a) A only
(b) B only
(c) C only
(d) All the three
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) A only
Explanation:
1. A is true: the author says India’s democratic polity, supporting its reforms, gives hope and inspiration to the whole world.
2. B is false: India maintained integrity and stability in spite of its size, population and complexity, so these were not barriers.
3. C is false: the passage only mentions pruning of government agencies, not opposition from them. So (a).
Teacher's Note:
1. Each statement needs direct support from the text.
2. “Considering X, Y is remarkable” means Y was achieved in spite of X.
Directions (Qs. 33-34): Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
(a) quietening
(b) amplifying
(c) existence
(d) adaptability
(e) rejuvenation
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) adaptability
Explanation:
1. Resilience is the ability to recover quickly and cope with difficulties.
2. Adaptability, the ability to adjust to changes, is the nearest here, (d).
3. Rejuvenation means making young again and is not the same as bouncing back.
Teacher's Note:
1. Resilience = toughness, flexibility.
2. Choose the option that fits the context of a system facing challenges.
(a) activating
(b) trimming
(c) punishing
(d) encouraging
(e) empowering
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) trimming
Explanation:
1. Pruning means cutting away parts of a plant to improve growth.
2. Used for agencies, it means trimming or reducing them, (b).
3. The other options mean strengthening or punishing, which is not what the reforms do.
Teacher's Note:
1. Pruning is a gardening word used figuratively for cutting down.
2. Pairs: prune = trim, cut back.
Directions (Qs. 35-36): Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
(a) stubborn
(b) indelible
(c) tense
(d) yielding
(e) soapy
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) yielding
Explanation:
1. Stiff competition means strong, tough competition that does not give way.
2. The opposite is yielding (giving way, soft), so (d).
3. Stubborn is a synonym of stiff, so it is wrong.
Teacher's Note:
1. A synonym in the options (stubborn) is a common trap in antonym questions.
2. Stiff = firm; opposite = yielding or flexible.
(a) exaggeration
(b) compendium
(c) obstacle
(d) aggravation
(e) furtherance
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) furtherance
Explanation:
1. An impediment is something that hinders progress.
2. The opposite is furtherance, which means helping something to move ahead, (e).
3. Obstacle is a synonym, so (c) is wrong.
Teacher's Note:
1. Impediment = obstacle; opposite = help or furtherance.
2. Check each option for synonym or opposite before deciding.
Passage 4: Health and Medicine
Directions (Qs. 37-44): Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are printed in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions.
There is no field of human endeavour that has been so misunderstood as health. While health which connotes well-being and the absence of illness has a low profile, it is illness representing the failure of health which virtually monopolizes attention because of the fear of pain, disability and death. Even Sushruta has warned that this provides the medical practitioner power over the patient which could be misused.
Till recently, patients had implicit faith in their physician whom they loved and respected, not only for his knowledge but also in the total belief that practitioners of this noble profession, guided by ethics, always placed the patient’s interest above all other considerations. This rich interpersonal relationship between the physician, patient and family has, barring a few exceptions, prevailed till the recent past, for caring was considered as important as curing. Our indigenous systems of medicine like ayurveda and yoga have been more concerned with the promotion of the health of both the body and mind and with maintaining a harmonious relationship not just with fellow-beings but with nature itself, of which man is an integral part. Healthy practices like cleanliness, proper diet, exercise and meditation are part of our culture which sustains people even in the prevailing conditions of poverty in rural India and in the unhygienic urban slums.
These systems consider disease as an aberration resulting from disturbance of the equilibrium of health, which must be corrected by gentle restoration of this balance through proper diet, medicines and the establishment of mental peace. They also teach the graceful acceptance of old age with its infirmities resulting from the normal degenerative process as well as of death which is inevitable.
This is in marked contrast to the western concept of life as a constant struggle against disease, ageing and death which must be fought and conquered with the knowledge and technology derived from their science: a science which, with its narrow dissective and quantifying approach, has provided us the understanding of the microbial causes of communicable diseases and provided highly effective technology for their prevention, treatment and control. This can rightly be claimed as the greatest contribution of western medicine and justifiably termed as ‘high’ technology. And yet the contribution of this science in the field of non-communicable diseases is remarkably poor despite the far greater inputs in research and treatment for the problems of ageing like cancer, heart diseases, paralytic strokes and arthritis which are the major problems of affluent societies today.
A. The real cause and ways of control of communicable diseases
B. Evolution of the concept of harmony between man and nature
C. Special techniques for fighting ageing
(a) Only B and C
(b) Only A and B
(c) Only A
(d) Only B
(e) Only C
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Only A
Explanation:
1. The passage says western science gave us the understanding of the microbial causes of communicable diseases and effective technology to prevent, treat and control them, and calls this its greatest contribution. So A is correct.
2. The harmony between man and nature is an idea of the indigenous systems, so B is wrong.
3. Western science is remarkably poor in the problems of ageing, so C is wrong. Hence (c) Only A.
Teacher's Note:
1. “Greatest contribution” in the passage tells you the exact answer.
2. Do not credit modern medicine with ideas the passage gives to ayurveda and yoga.
(a) High technology
(b) Good knowledge
(c) Professional ethics
(d) Power over patient
(e) Western concept of life
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Professional ethics
Explanation:
1. The second paragraph says practitioners were “guided by ethics” and always placed the patient’s interest above all other considerations.
2. So the guide was professional ethics, (c).
3. High technology and the western concept of life belong to western medicine, and power over the patient is a risk, not a guide.
Teacher's Note:
1. Look for the key word “guided” in the text.
2. Match “ethics” with “professional ethics”.
(a) Their undue concern for the health of the person.
(b) Their emphasis on research on non-communicable diseases.
(c) Their emphasis on curing illness rather than preventive health measures.
(d) Their emphasis on restoring health for affluent members of the society.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) None of these
Explanation:
1. The only warning in the passage is Sushruta’s: attention on illness gives the practitioner power over the patient, which could be misused.
2. None of the options (a)-(d) speaks of misuse of power, so (e) is correct.
3. Option (c) comes close to the idea of the passage but it is not the caution that was sounded.
Teacher's Note:
1. Find the word “warned” in the passage and compare only that sentence with the options.
2. Options that sound sensible but are not stated are traps.
(a) Difficulty in understanding distinction between health and illness.
(b) Confusion between views of indigenous and western system.
(c) Highly advanced technology being used by the professionals.
(d) Not given in the passage.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Difficulty in understanding distinction between health and illness.
Explanation:
1. The first paragraph says health (well-being) has a low profile while illness monopolizes attention. People therefore treat health as mere absence of illness and do not see the difference between the two.
2. So (a) is the nearest answer.
3. The passage does not blame confusion between systems or advanced technology for this misunderstanding.
Teacher's Note:
1. The reason is often in the opening lines of the passage.
2. Choose an option that the first paragraph supports before “not given”.
(a) Their natural resistance to communicable diseases is very high.
(b) They have easy access to western technology.
(c) Their will to conquer diseases
(d) Their harmonious relationship with the physician
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) None of these
Explanation:
1. The passage says healthy practices like cleanliness, proper diet, exercise and meditation, part of our culture, sustain people even in poverty.
2. None of the options mention these healthy cultural practices, so (e) is correct.
3. Natural resistance and western technology are not mentioned, and the physician relationship is a different point.
Teacher's Note:
1. Find the line with “sustains people” and compare each option with it.
2. When all options differ from the text, “None of these” is right.
(a) Western concept of life and science.
(b) Technology and science.
(c) Western physician and western-educated Indian physician.
(d) Indian and western concepts of life.
(e) Knowledge and technology.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Indian and western concepts of life.
Explanation:
1. The third paragraph describes the Indian systems’ view of disease, old age and death, and the next paragraph begins “This is in marked contrast to the western concept of life”.
2. So the contrast is between Indian and western concepts of life, (d).
3. The other pairs put things together that belong to one side.
Teacher's Note:
1. The phrase “in marked contrast” signals the pair to choose.
2. A contrast is between two sides, not between two parts of the same side.
(a) It concentrates more on health than on illness.
(b) It suggests remedies for the poor people.
(c) It demands more inputs in terms of research and technology.
(d) The cost of treatment is low.
(e) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) None of these
Explanation:
1. The author calls the contribution remarkably poor in the field of non-communicable diseases, despite far greater inputs in research and treatment.
2. So the reason is that results are poor in spite of heavy inputs, which none of options (a)-(d) says, so (e).
3. Option (c) says science demands more inputs, but the passage says inputs are already far greater.
Teacher's Note:
1. Read “despite” carefully: results are poor in spite of effort.
2. Option (c) twists the passage into its opposite.
(a) we should give importance to improving the health rather than curing of illness.
(b) we should move towards becoming an affluent society.
(c) ayurveda is superior to yoga.
(d) good interpersonal relationship between the doctor and the patient is necessary but not sufficient.
(e) ayurvedic medicines can be improved by following western approaches and methods of sciences.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) we should give importance to improving the health rather than curing of illness.
Explanation:
1. The author notes that illness gets all the attention while health has a low profile, and praises the indigenous stress on promoting health.
2. So he suggests giving importance to health rather than only curing illness, (a).
3. Affluence brings the diseases of ageing, ayurveda and yoga are not compared, and nothing says the relationship is “not sufficient”.
Teacher's Note:
1. Suggestion questions need the main idea, not a side detail.
2. Be careful with options that add new claims such as “not sufficient”.
Directions (Qs. 45-46): Choose the word which is most OPPOSITE in meaning of the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
(a) Undesirable
(b) Unsuitable
(c) Detestable
(d) Avoidable
(e) Available
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Avoidable
Explanation:
1. Inevitable means certain to happen and impossible to avoid.
2. The opposite is avoidable, (d).
3. The other options are about liking or suitability, not about whether something can be escaped.
Teacher's Note:
1. In-evitable = cannot be avoided; opposite = avoidable.
2. Look at the root: “evit” means to avoid.
(a) Recuperative
(b) Revolving
(c) Productive
(d) Innovative
(e) Integrative
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Recuperative
Explanation:
1. Degenerative means causing gradual decline or deterioration.
2. The opposite is recuperative, that is, helping to recover and regain strength, (a).
3. Productive and innovative are about output and new ideas, not about decline and recovery.
Teacher's Note:
1. De- often means down, and re-/recuper- means regain.
2. Think of the physical meaning: decline versus recovery.
Directions (Qs. 47-48): Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage.
(a) Helps
(b) Cures
(c) Follows
(d) Confirms
(e) Implies
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (e) Implies
Explanation:
1. To connote is to suggest or imply a meaning beyond the literal one.
2. The nearest word is implies, (e).
3. Helps, cures and follows do not fit the sentence.
Teacher's Note:
1. Connote = imply; denote = state the literal meaning.
2. Test by putting the option into the sentence.
(a) Observation
(b) Alternative
(c) Deviation
(d) Outcome
(e) Stimulate
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Deviation
Explanation:
1. An aberration is a departure from what is normal or expected.
2. Deviation has the same meaning, (c).
3. Observation sounds similar but means watching; stimulate is a verb and does not fit the sentence.
Teacher's Note:
1. Aberration = deviation from the normal.
2. Do not choose words that only sound alike.
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