Revision Notes for JEE Physics: Thermal Properties Of Matter
Access comprehensive revision notes for Thermal Properties Of Matter using the JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter Notes Set 02. Designed to align with the 2026-27 academic syllabus for JEE Physics, these concept summaries help students streamline their exam preparation and review complex topics efficiently.
Review Thermal Properties Of Matter for JEE Physics
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Heat, Temperature and Calorimetry
1. Heat absorbed or released: \(Q = mc\Delta T\). During a phase change \(Q = mL\) at constant temperature.
2. Principle of calorimetry: heat lost by hot bodies equals heat gained by cold bodies, if no heat escapes. Write each stage (warming, melting, warming again) separately.
3. Zeroth law: if A is in equilibrium with B and B with C, then A is in equilibrium with C. This makes temperature a well-defined property.
Thermal Expansion
1. Linear \(\Delta l = l\alpha\Delta T\). Area \(\beta = 2\alpha\). Volume \(\gamma = 3\alpha\).
2. Density falls on heating: \(\rho = \rho_0/(1+\gamma\Delta T)\).
3. A cavity or hole expands exactly as if filled with the same material.
4. A pendulum clock loses time in hot weather because \(T \propto \sqrt{l}\) and \(\Delta T/T = \tfrac{1}{2}\alpha\Delta\theta\).
Conduction, Newton's Law and Radiation
| Topic | Result |
|---|---|
| Conduction | Heat current \(H = kA\,\Delta T/l\). In steady state, series layers carry the same \(H\), so \(\Delta T \propto 1/k\). |
| Newton's law of cooling | Rate of fall \(\propto (T - T_0)\). For small drops use \(\dfrac{T_1-T_2}{t} = K\left(\dfrac{T_1+T_2}{2} - T_0\right)\). |
| Stefan's law | Power radiated \(= \epsilon\sigma A T^4\). Net loss \(= \epsilon\sigma A(T^4 - T_0^4)\). |
| Wien's law | \(\lambda_m T = b\). Peak spectral emission scales as \(T^5\). |
| Kirchhoff's law | Good absorbers are good emitters. Black surface absorbs and emits best, shiny surface retains heat. |
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