Download JEE MCQs for JEE Physics: Thermal Properties Of Matter
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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Thermal Properties Of Matter
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) \( \frac E4 \)
(b) \( \frac E2 \)
(c) 2E
(d) \( \frac E{16} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \frac E{16} \)
Explanation:
1. Stefan's law: \( E\propto T^4 \).
2. \( \left(\frac12\right)^4=\frac1{16} \), so the new rate is E/16.
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93. .
(a) cube
(b) sphere
(c) hemisphere
(d) equal in all
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) sphere
Explanation:
1. Radiated heat is proportional to surface area.
2. Cube \( 6r^2 \), sphere \( 4\pi r^2\approx12.6r^2 \), hemisphere \( 3\pi r^2\approx9.4r^2 \). The sphere has the greatest area.
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85. .
(a) 1 minute
(b) 2 minutes
(c) 4 minutes
(d) 16 minutes
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) 1 minute
Explanation:
1. Series: length 2L, area A, rate \( =\frac{KA\Delta T}{2L} \). Parallel: length L, area 2A, rate \( =\frac{2KA\Delta T}{L} \).
2. The parallel arrangement conducts 4 times faster, so the time is 4/4 = 1 minute.
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66. .
(a) 80°C
(b) 20°C
(c) 60°C
(d) 40°C
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 20°C
Explanation:
1. The heat current is the same: \( K_b(100-T)=K_c(T-0) \) with \( K_c=4K_b \).
2. \( 100-T=4T\Rightarrow T=20°C \).
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137. .
(a) 4 : 7
(b) 7 : 4
(c) 16 : 49
(d) 49 : 16
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 7 : 4
Explanation:
1. The same heat melts the ice in each vessel, so the rate of heat flow is inversely proportional to the time.
2. K₁/K₂ = t₂/t₁ = 35/20 = 7/4.
Teacher's Note:
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56. .
(a) sea and land breeze
(b) boiling of water
(c) warming of the glass of a bulb due to the filament
(d) heating of air around a furnace
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) warming of the glass of a bulb due to the filament
Explanation:
1. Sea and land breeze, boiling water and rising hot air are convection currents.
2. The glass bulb is warmed mainly by radiation from the filament.
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97. .
(a) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the brightest
(b) it is the darkest body at all times
(c) it cannot be distinguished at all times
(d) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it cannot be distinguished
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the brightest
Explanation:
1. A black body absorbs all radiation, so at room temperature it looks darkest.
2. As it heats up it emits more strongly than other bodies and becomes the brightest; in thermal equilibrium all bodies finally look the same, but the question asks for the observation during heating.
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38. .
(a) distance from the earth
(b) size
(c) temperature
(d) mass
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) temperature
Explanation:
1. By Wien's law the peak wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature.
2. So the colour indicates the surface temperature.
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37. .
(a) 108 joule approx.
(b) 168 joule approx.
(c) 182 joule approx.
(d) 192 joule approx.
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) 182 joule approx.
Explanation:
1. \( P=e\sigma A(T^4-T_0^4) \) with T = 800 K, T₀ = 300 K, A = 0.02 m².
2. \( P=0.4\times5.67\times10^{-8}\times0.02\times(800^4-300^4)\approx182 \) J/s.
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58. .
(a) 10⁴
(b) 625
(c) 256
(d) 16
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 625
Explanation:
1. Power \( \propto R^2T^4 \).
2. \( 100^2\times\left(\frac12\right)^4=\frac{10^4}{16}=625 \).
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71. .
(a) 2.47 hr
(b) 4.27 hr
(c) 7.42 hr
(d) 4.72 hr
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) 2.47 hr
Explanation:
1. Heat needed = 500 × 80 = 40000 cal.
2. Rate = KAΔT/d = 0.0075 × 75 × 40/5 = 4.5 cal/s.
3. Time = 40000/4.5 ≈ 8889 s ≈ 2.47 hr.
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68. .
(a) K₁ = K₂ and K₃ = K₄
(b) K₁K₄ = K₂K₃
(c) K₁K₂ = K₃K₄
(d) \( \frac{K_1}{K_4}=\frac{K_2}{K_3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) K₁K₄ = K₂K₃
Explanation:
1. No flow in K₅ means C and D are at the same temperature (balanced bridge, like a Wheatstone bridge).
2. \( \frac{K_1}{K_2}=\frac{K_3}{K_4}\Rightarrow K_1K_4=K_2K_3 \).
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92. .
(a) 68°C and 75°C
(b) 75°C and 68°C
(c) 57°C and 86°C
(d) 86°C and 57°C
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) 86°C and 57°C
Explanation:
1. Resistances are proportional to 1/K: with \( K_{Cu}=4k,\ K_{Al}=2k,\ K_{Br}=k \): 1/4, 1/2 and 1 (total 1.75).
2. Drop across copper \( =100\times\frac{0.25}{1.75}=14.3 \), so the first junction is at 85.7°C; drop across aluminium \( =28.6 \), so the second junction is at 57.1°C.
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86. .
(a) 150 s
(b) 360 s
(c) 100 s
(d) 200 s
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 360 s
Explanation:
1. Heat needed = 500 × 0.572 × 30 = 8580 cal = 36036 J.
2. Time = 36036/100 ≈ 360 s.
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53. .
(a) 6°C
(b) 12°C
(c) 18°C
(d) 24°C
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) 12°C
Explanation:
1. Same heat current: \( K_A\Delta T_A=K_B\Delta T_B \Rightarrow \Delta T_A:\Delta T_B=1:2 \).
2. Total 36°C, so ΔT_A = 12°C.
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72. .
(a) \( K_1+K_2 \)
(b) \( \frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \)
(c) \( \frac{K_1K_2}{K_1+K_2} \)
(d) \( \frac{3K_1+K_2}4 \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) \( \frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \)
Explanation:
1. The two parts conduct in parallel along the length: \( K_{eff}\,\pi(2R)^2=K_1\pi R^2+K_2\pi(4R^2-R^2) \).
2. \( K_{eff}=\frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \).
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80. .
(a) \( \frac c{r^3\rho} \)
(b) \( \frac1{r^3\rho c} \)
(c) \( 3r^3\rho c \)
(d) \( \frac1{r\rho c} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \frac1{r\rho c} \)
Explanation:
1. Rate of fall of temperature \( =\frac{\text{heat loss rate}}{mc}\propto\frac{4\pi r^2}{\frac43\pi r^3\rho c} \).
2. \( =\frac{3}{r\rho c} \), so it is proportional to \( \frac1{r\rho c} \).
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78. .
(a) U₁ = 0
(b) U₃ = 0
(c) U₁ > U₂
(d) U₂ > U₁
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) U₂ > U₁
Explanation:
1. \( \lambda_m=\frac bT=\frac{2.88\times10^6}{2880}=1000 \) nm.
2. The spectral intensity is maximum at 1000 nm, so the band at 999-1000 nm carries more energy than the band at 499-500 nm: U₂ > U₁ (and also U₂ > U₃).
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62. .
(a) \( \frac13 \)
(b) \( \frac1{\sqrt3} \)
(c) \( \frac{\sqrt3}1 \)
(d) \( \left(\frac13\right)^{1/3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \left(\frac13\right)^{1/3} \)
Explanation:
1. Cooling rate \( \propto\frac{A}{m}\propto\frac{r^2}{r^3}=\frac1r \), and \( m\propto r^3 \).
2. \( \frac{r_1}{r_2}=3^{1/3} \), so the ratio of rates is \( (1/3)^{1/3} \).
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74. .
(a) \( \frac12 \)
(b) \( \frac21 \)
(c) \( \frac41 \)
(d) \( \frac14 \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) \( \frac41 \)
Explanation:
1. Parallel: conductance doubles: \( q_1\propto\frac{2KA}{L} \). Series: length doubles: \( q_2\propto\frac{KA}{2L} \).
2. \( \frac{q_1}{q_2}=4 \).
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