JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter MCQs Set 25

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Thermal Properties Of Matter

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A black body at a high temperature T K radiates energy at the rate of E W/m². When the temperature falls to T/2 K, the radiated energy in W/m² will be
(a) \( \frac E4 \)
(b) \( \frac E2 \)
(c) 2E
(d) \( \frac E{16} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac E{16} \)

Explanation:
1. Stefan's law: \( E\propto T^4 \).
2. \( \left(\frac12\right)^4=\frac1{16} \), so the new rate is E/16.

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Question 2: Three solid objects made of the same material are kept at 400 K in an environment at 300 K: a cube of edge r, a sphere of radius r and a hemisphere of radius r. Which object exchanges the most heat?
(a) cube
(b) sphere
(c) hemisphere
(d) equal in all
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) sphere

Explanation:
1. Radiated heat is proportional to surface area.
2. Cube \( 6r^2 \), sphere \( 4\pi r^2\approx12.6r^2 \), hemisphere \( 3\pi r^2\approx9.4r^2 \). The sphere has the greatest area.

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Question 3: Two identical metal rods are joined end to end (arrangement i) and kept between a cold end and a 100°C end; 20 calories of heat flows through them in 4 minutes. If the same two rods are placed side by side between the same ends (arrangement ii), the same amount of heat will flow in
(a) 1 minute
(b) 2 minutes
(c) 4 minutes
(d) 16 minutes
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 1 minute

Explanation:
1. Series: length 2L, area A, rate \( =\frac{KA\Delta T}{2L} \). Parallel: length L, area 2A, rate \( =\frac{2KA\Delta T}{L} \).
2. The parallel arrangement conducts 4 times faster, so the time is 4/4 = 1 minute.

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Question 4: A slab consists of two parallel layers, brass and copper, of the same thickness. The thermal conductivity of copper is four times that of brass. If the free face of brass is at 100°C and that of copper is at 0°C, the temperature of the interface is
(a) 80°C
(b) 20°C
(c) 60°C
(d) 40°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 20°C

Explanation:
1. The heat current is the same: \( K_b(100-T)=K_c(T-0) \) with \( K_c=4K_b \).
2. \( 100-T=4T\Rightarrow T=20°C \).

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Question 5: There are two identical vessels filled with equal amounts of ice. The vessels are of different metals. If the ice melts in the two vessels in 20 and 35 minutes respectively, the ratio of the coefficients of thermal conductivity of the two metals is
(a) 4 : 7
(b) 7 : 4
(c) 16 : 49
(d) 49 : 16
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 7 : 4

Explanation:
1. The same heat melts the ice in each vessel, so the rate of heat flow is inversely proportional to the time.
2. K₁/K₂ = t₂/t₁ = 35/20 = 7/4.

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Question 6: In which of the following processes does convection NOT take place primarily?
(a) sea and land breeze
(b) boiling of water
(c) warming of the glass of a bulb due to the filament
(d) heating of air around a furnace
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) warming of the glass of a bulb due to the filament

Explanation:
1. Sea and land breeze, boiling water and rising hot air are convection currents.
2. The glass bulb is warmed mainly by radiation from the filament.

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Question 7: An ideal black body at room temperature is thrown into a furnace. It is observed that
(a) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the brightest
(b) it is the darkest body at all times
(c) it cannot be distinguished at all times
(d) initially it is the darkest body and at later times it cannot be distinguished
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) initially it is the darkest body and at later times the brightest

Explanation:
1. A black body absorbs all radiation, so at room temperature it looks darkest.
2. As it heats up it emits more strongly than other bodies and becomes the brightest; in thermal equilibrium all bodies finally look the same, but the question asks for the observation during heating.

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Question 8: The colour of a shining bright star is an indication of its
(a) distance from the earth
(b) size
(c) temperature
(d) mass
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) temperature

Explanation:
1. By Wien's law the peak wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature.
2. So the colour indicates the surface temperature.

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Question 9: A metal ball of surface area 200 cm² and temperature 527°C is surrounded by a vessel at 27°C. If the emissivity of the metal is 0.4, the rate of loss of heat from the ball is (σ = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ J/m²-s-K⁴)
(a) 108 joule approx.
(b) 168 joule approx.
(c) 182 joule approx.
(d) 192 joule approx.
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 182 joule approx.

Explanation:
1. \( P=e\sigma A(T^4-T_0^4) \) with T = 800 K, T₀ = 300 K, A = 0.02 m².
2. \( P=0.4\times5.67\times10^{-8}\times0.02\times(800^4-300^4)\approx182 \) J/s.

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Question 10: Suppose the sun expands so that its radius becomes 100 times the present radius and its surface temperature becomes half of the present value. The total energy emitted by it then increases by a factor of
(a) 10⁴
(b) 625
(c) 256
(d) 16
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 625

Explanation:
1. Power \( \propto R^2T^4 \).
2. \( 100^2\times\left(\frac12\right)^4=\frac{10^4}{16}=625 \).

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Question 11: The only possibility of heat flow in a thermos flask is through its cork, which is 75 cm² in area and 5 cm thick. Its thermal conductivity is 0.0075 cal/cm s °C. The outside temperature is 40°C and the latent heat of ice is 80 cal/g. The time taken by 500 g of ice at 0°C in the flask to melt into water at 0°C is
(a) 2.47 hr
(b) 4.27 hr
(c) 7.42 hr
(d) 4.72 hr
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 2.47 hr

Explanation:
1. Heat needed = 500 × 80 = 40000 cal.
2. Rate = KAΔT/d = 0.0075 × 75 × 40/5 = 4.5 cal/s.
3. Time = 40000/4.5 ≈ 8889 s ≈ 2.47 hr.

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Question 12: Five rods of the same dimensions are arranged as a bridge: rods of conductivities K₁ (from A to C), K₂ (from C to B), K₃ (from A to D) and K₄ (from D to B), with the fifth rod K₅ joining C and D. When the points A and B are maintained at different temperatures, no heat flows through the central rod K₅ if
(a) K₁ = K₂ and K₃ = K₄
(b) K₁K₄ = K₂K₃
(c) K₁K₂ = K₃K₄
(d) \( \frac{K_1}{K_4}=\frac{K_2}{K_3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) K₁K₄ = K₂K₃

Explanation:
1. No flow in K₅ means C and D are at the same temperature (balanced bridge, like a Wheatstone bridge).
2. \( \frac{K_1}{K_2}=\frac{K_3}{K_4}\Rightarrow K_1K_4=K_2K_3 \).

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Question 13: Three metal rods made of copper, aluminium and brass, each 1 m long and 4 cm in diameter, are placed end to end with aluminium between the other two. The free ends of copper and brass are maintained at 100°C and 0°C respectively. Assume the thermal conductivity of copper is twice that of aluminium and four times that of brass. The equilibrium temperatures of the copper-aluminium and aluminium-brass junctions are
(a) 68°C and 75°C
(b) 75°C and 68°C
(c) 57°C and 86°C
(d) 86°C and 57°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 86°C and 57°C

Explanation:
1. Resistances are proportional to 1/K: with \( K_{Cu}=4k,\ K_{Al}=2k,\ K_{Br}=k \): 1/4, 1/2 and 1 (total 1.75).
2. Drop across copper \( =100\times\frac{0.25}{1.75}=14.3 \), so the first junction is at 85.7°C; drop across aluminium \( =28.6 \), so the second junction is at 57.1°C.

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Question 14: A 100 W lamp is immersed in an insulated container holding 500 g of alcohol at 20°C. The time it takes to warm the alcohol to 50°C is (specific heat of alcohol 0.572 cal/g°C, 1 cal = 4.2 J)
(a) 150 s
(b) 360 s
(c) 100 s
(d) 200 s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 360 s

Explanation:
1. Heat needed = 500 × 0.572 × 30 = 8580 cal = 36036 J.
2. Time = 36036/100 ≈ 360 s.

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Question 15: A wall has two layers A and B, each made of a different material. Both layers have the same thickness. The thermal conductivity of the material of A is twice that of B. Under thermal equilibrium, the temperature difference across the wall is 36°C. The temperature difference across the layer A is
(a) 6°C
(b) 12°C
(c) 18°C
(d) 24°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 12°C

Explanation:
1. Same heat current: \( K_A\Delta T_A=K_B\Delta T_B \Rightarrow \Delta T_A:\Delta T_B=1:2 \).
2. Total 36°C, so ΔT_A = 12°C.

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Question 16: A cylinder of radius R made of a material of thermal conductivity K₁ is surrounded by a cylindrical shell of inner radius R and outer radius 2R made of a material of thermal conductivity K₂. The two ends of the combined system are maintained at two different temperatures. There is no loss of heat across the cylindrical surface and the system is in steady state. The effective thermal conductivity of the system is
(a) \( K_1+K_2 \)
(b) \( \frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \)
(c) \( \frac{K_1K_2}{K_1+K_2} \)
(d) \( \frac{3K_1+K_2}4 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \)

Explanation:
1. The two parts conduct in parallel along the length: \( K_{eff}\,\pi(2R)^2=K_1\pi R^2+K_2\pi(4R^2-R^2) \).
2. \( K_{eff}=\frac{K_1+3K_2}4 \).

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Question 17: A sphere of density ρ, specific heat capacity c and radius r is hung by a thermally insulating thread in an enclosure kept at a lower temperature than the sphere. The temperature of the sphere starts to drop at a rate which depends upon the temperature difference between the sphere and the enclosure and the nature of the surface of the sphere. This rate is proportional to
(a) \( \frac c{r^3\rho} \)
(b) \( \frac1{r^3\rho c} \)
(c) \( 3r^3\rho c \)
(d) \( \frac1{r\rho c} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac1{r\rho c} \)

Explanation:
1. Rate of fall of temperature \( =\frac{\text{heat loss rate}}{mc}\propto\frac{4\pi r^2}{\frac43\pi r^3\rho c} \).
2. \( =\frac{3}{r\rho c} \), so it is proportional to \( \frac1{r\rho c} \).

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Question 18: A black body is at a temperature of 2880 K. The energy of radiation emitted by this body with wavelengths between 499 nm and 500 nm is U₁, between 999 nm and 1000 nm is U₂ and between 1499 nm and 1500 nm is U₃. The Wien constant b = 2.88 × 10⁶ nm K. Then
(a) U₁ = 0
(b) U₃ = 0
(c) U₁ > U₂
(d) U₂ > U₁
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) U₂ > U₁

Explanation:
1. \( \lambda_m=\frac bT=\frac{2.88\times10^6}{2880}=1000 \) nm.
2. The spectral intensity is maximum at 1000 nm, so the band at 999-1000 nm carries more energy than the band at 499-500 nm: U₂ > U₁ (and also U₂ > U₃).

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Question 19: Two metallic spheres S₁ and S₂ are made of the same material and have identical surface finish. The mass of S₁ is thrice that of S₂. Both the spheres are heated to the same high temperature and placed in the same room having lower temperature but are thermally insulated from each other. The ratio of the initial rate of cooling of S₁ to that of S₂ is
(a) \( \frac13 \)
(b) \( \frac1{\sqrt3} \)
(c) \( \frac{\sqrt3}1 \)
(d) \( \left(\frac13\right)^{1/3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \left(\frac13\right)^{1/3} \)

Explanation:
1. Cooling rate \( \propto\frac{A}{m}\propto\frac{r^2}{r^3}=\frac1r \), and \( m\propto r^3 \).
2. \( \frac{r_1}{r_2}=3^{1/3} \), so the ratio of rates is \( (1/3)^{1/3} \).

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Question 20: Two identical conducting rods are first connected independently to two vessels, one containing water at 100°C and the other containing ice at 0°C (each rod joins its own vessel to the ice vessel as parallel paths). In the second case the rods are joined end to end and connected to the same vessels. If q₁ and q₂ g/s are the rates of melting of ice in the two cases respectively, the ratio q₁/q₂ is
(a) \( \frac12 \)
(b) \( \frac21 \)
(c) \( \frac41 \)
(d) \( \frac14 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac41 \)

Explanation:
1. Parallel: conductance doubles: \( q_1\propto\frac{2KA}{L} \). Series: length doubles: \( q_2\propto\frac{KA}{2L} \).
2. \( \frac{q_1}{q_2}=4 \).

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter

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