JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter MCQs Set 23

Practice MCQs for JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid is C when heated in a copper vessel and S when heated in a silver vessel. If A is the coefficient of linear expansion of copper, the coefficient of linear expansion of silver is
(a) \( \frac{C+S-3A}{3} \)
(b) \( \frac{C+3A-S}{3} \)
(c) \( \frac{S+3A-C}{3} \)
(d) \( \frac{C+S+3A}{3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac{C+3A-S}{3} \)

Explanation:
1. Real expansion \( \gamma = \gamma_{app} + \gamma_{vessel} \).
2. Copper: \( \gamma = C + 3A \). Silver: \( \gamma = S + 3a \), where a is the coefficient for silver.
3. Equating, \( a = \frac{C+3A-S}{3} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 2: The calorie used as the unit of heat is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from
(a) 13.5°C to 14.5°C at 76 mm of Hg
(b) 14.5°C to 15.5°C at 760 mm of Hg
(c) 13.5°C to 15.5°C at 76 mm of Hg
(d) 15.5°C to 16.5°C at 700 mm of Hg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 14.5°C to 15.5°C at 760 mm of Hg

Explanation:
1. The standard (15°C) calorie is defined between 14.5°C and 15.5°C.
2. The pressure is 1 atm, that is 760 mm of Hg.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 3: A spherical copper shell is completely filled with a liquid at temperature t°C. The bulk modulus of the liquid is K and its coefficient of volume expansion is \( \gamma \). The temperature of the liquid and shell is increased by \( \Delta T \). The outward pressure \( \Delta p \) on the shell due to this rise (\( \alpha \) is the coefficient of linear expansion of the shell) is
(a) \( K(\gamma-3\alpha)\Delta T \)
(b) \( K(3\alpha-\gamma)\Delta T \)
(c) \( K(\gamma-3\alpha)/\Delta T \)
(d) \( \gamma(3\alpha-K)\Delta T \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( K(\gamma-3\alpha)\Delta T \)

Explanation:
1. Free expansion of the liquid exceeds that of the shell by \( \Delta V/V = (\gamma - 3\alpha)\Delta T \).
2. The liquid is compressed by this fraction, so \( \Delta p = K \cdot \Delta V/V = K(\gamma-3\alpha)\Delta T \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 4: A constant volume gas thermometer shows pressure readings of 50 cm and 90 cm of mercury at 0°C and 100°C respectively. When the pressure reading is 60 cm of mercury, the temperature is
(a) 25°C
(b) 40°C
(c) 15°C
(d) 12.5°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 25°C

Explanation:
1. \( t = \frac{P_t - P_0}{P_{100}-P_0}\times 100 \).
2. \( t = \frac{60-50}{90-50}\times 100 = 25°C \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 5: A uniform metal rod is used as a bar pendulum. If the room temperature rises by 10°C and the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is 2 × 10⁻⁶ per °C, the period of the pendulum will have a percentage increase of
(a) −2 × 10⁻³
(b) −1 × 10⁻³
(c) 2 × 10⁻³
(d) 1 × 10⁻³
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 1 × 10⁻³

Explanation:
1. Period \( T \propto \sqrt{L} \), so \( \frac{\Delta T}{T} = \frac{1}{2}\alpha\Delta\theta = \frac12 (2\times10^{-6})(10) = 10^{-5} \).
2. Percentage increase \( = 10^{-5}\times 100 = 1\times 10^{-3} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 6: When a rod is heated but prevented from expanding, the stress developed is independent of
(a) the material of the rod
(b) the rise in temperature
(c) the length of the rod
(d) none of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) the length of the rod

Explanation:
1. Thermal stress \( = Y\alpha\Delta T \).
2. It depends on the material (Y and α) and on the temperature rise, but not on the length.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 7: At some temperature T a bronze pin is slightly too large to fit into a hole drilled in a steel block. The change in temperature required for an exact fit is minimum when
(a) only the block is heated
(b) both block and pin are heated together
(c) both block and pin are cooled together
(d) only the pin is cooled
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) only the pin is cooled

Explanation:
1. Bronze has a larger expansion coefficient than steel (\( \alpha_b > \alpha_s \)).
2. Heating only the block widens the hole by \( \alpha_s\Delta T \) per unit length; cooling both gives only \( (\alpha_b-\alpha_s)\Delta T \); cooling only the pin shrinks it by \( \alpha_b\Delta T \).
3. Since \( \alpha_b \) is the largest of these, the smallest temperature change is needed when only the pin is cooled.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 8: The density of a substance at 0°C is 10 g/cc and at 100°C it is 9.7 g/cc. The coefficient of linear expansion of the substance is about
(a) 10²
(b) 10⁻²
(c) 10⁻³
(d) 10⁻⁴
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 10⁻⁴

Explanation:
1. \( \rho_{100} = \frac{\rho_0}{1+\gamma \cdot 100} \Rightarrow 1+100\gamma = \frac{10}{9.7} = 1.0309 \).
2. \( \gamma \approx 3.1\times 10^{-4} \), so \( \alpha = \gamma/3 \approx 10^{-4}\ /°C \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 9: Two uniform brass rods A and B of length l and 2l and radii 2r and r are heated to the same temperature. The ratio of the increase in volume of A to that of B is
(a) 1 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1
(d) 1 : 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2 : 1

Explanation:
1. \( \Delta V = 3\alpha V\Delta T \) and \( V = \pi r^2 L \).
2. \( V_A : V_B = (2r)^2 l : r^2(2l) = 4 : 2 = 2:1 \). Same α and ΔT, so the ratio of volume increases is 2 : 1.

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Question 10: The coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid measured in two vessels A and B is \( \gamma_1 \) and \( \gamma_2 \) respectively. If the coefficient of linear expansion of vessel A is \( \alpha \), the coefficient of linear expansion of vessel B is
(a) \( \frac{\alpha\gamma_1\gamma_2}{\gamma_1+\gamma_2} \)
(b) \( \frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2}{2\alpha} \)
(c) \( \frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2+\alpha}{3} \)
(d) \( \frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2}{3}+\alpha \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2}{3}+\alpha \)

Explanation:
1. \( \gamma_1 = \gamma_L - 3\alpha \) and \( \gamma_2 = \gamma_L - 3\beta \), with \( \beta \) the coefficient of B.
2. Subtract: \( \gamma_1-\gamma_2 = 3(\beta-\alpha) \Rightarrow \beta = \frac{\gamma_1-\gamma_2}{3}+\alpha \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 11: The melting point of ice
(a) increases with increasing pressure
(b) decreases with increasing pressure
(c) is independent of pressure
(d) is proportional to pressure
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) decreases with increasing pressure

Explanation:
1. Ice contracts on melting (water is denser than ice).
2. By Le Chatelier's principle pressure favours the denser phase, so the melting point is lowered.

Teacher's Note:
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65. .

Question 12: The work done (in the form of heat required) in converting 1 g of ice at −10°C into steam at 100°C is (specific heat of ice 0.5 cal/g°C, 1 cal = 4.2 J)
(a) 3045 J
(b) 6056 J
(c) 721 J
(d) 616 J
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3045 J

Explanation:
1. Warm ice: 1 × 0.5 × 10 = 5 cal. Melt: 80 cal. Heat water: 100 cal. Vaporise: 540 cal.
2. Total = 725 cal = 725 × 4.2 = 3045 J.

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Question 13: Steam is passed into 22 g of water at 20°C. The mass of water present when the temperature becomes 90°C is (latent heat of steam = 540 cal/g)
(a) 24.8 g
(b) 24 g
(c) 36.6 g
(d) 30 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 24.8 g

Explanation:
1. Let m g of steam condense. Heat lost = m(540 + 10) (condensing, then cooling from 100°C to 90°C).
2. Heat gained = 22 × 70 = 1540 cal, so m = 2.8 g.
3. Mass of water = 22 + 2.8 = 24.8 g.

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Question 14: 1 g of ice at 0°C is placed in a container having 2 g of water at 35°C. The equilibrium temperature of the mixture is
(a) 0°C
(b) 12°C
(c) 10°C
(d) 35°C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0°C

Explanation:
1. Heat available from water cooling to 0°C = 2 × 35 = 70 cal.
2. Heat needed to melt all the ice = 80 cal, which is more than 70 cal.
3. So the ice does not melt completely and the mixture stays at 0°C.

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Question 15: In two experiments with a continuous flow calorimeter to determine the specific heat of a liquid, an input power of 60 W produced a rise of 10 K in the liquid. When the power was doubled, the same rise was achieved by making the rate of flow of liquid three times faster. The power lost to the surroundings in each case was
(a) 20 W
(b) 30 W
(c) 40 W
(d) 120 W
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 30 W

Explanation:
1. Let loss = P and flow rate m. \( 60 - P = 10ms \) and \( 120 - P = 10(3m)s \).
2. So \( 120-P = 3(60-P) \Rightarrow 2P = 60 \Rightarrow P = 30 \) W.

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Question 16: Two rods, one of aluminium and the other of steel, having initial lengths \( l_1 \) and \( l_2 \) are joined to form a single rod of length \( l_1+l_2 \). The coefficients of linear expansion for aluminium and steel are \( \alpha_{Al} \) and \( \alpha_S \). If the length of each rod increases by the same amount when their temperature is raised by t°C, then \( \frac{l_1}{l_1+l_2} \) is
(a) \( \frac{\alpha_S}{\alpha_{Al}} \)
(b) \( \frac{\alpha_{Al}}{\alpha_S} \)
(c) \( \frac{\alpha_S}{\alpha_{Al}+\alpha_S} \)
(d) \( \frac{\alpha_{Al}}{\alpha_{Al}+\alpha_S} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{\alpha_S}{\alpha_{Al}+\alpha_S} \)

Explanation:
1. Equal increase: \( l_1\alpha_{Al}t = l_2\alpha_S t \Rightarrow \frac{l_1}{l_2}=\frac{\alpha_S}{\alpha_{Al}} \).
2. So \( \frac{l_1}{l_1+l_2} = \frac{\alpha_S}{\alpha_{Al}+\alpha_S} \).

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Question 17: Two litres of water at 27°C is heated by a 1 kW heater in an open container. On average heat is lost to the surroundings at a rate of 160 J/s. The time required for the temperature to reach 77°C is (specific heat of water 4200 J/kg°C)
(a) 8 min 20 s
(b) 10 min
(c) 14 min
(d) 7 min
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 8 min 20 s

Explanation:
1. Heat needed = 2 × 4200 × 50 = 420000 J.
2. Net power = 1000 − 160 = 840 W.
3. Time = 420000 / 840 = 500 s = 8 min 20 s.

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Question 18: A steel rod of diameter 1.0 cm is clamped firmly at each end when its temperature is 25°C so that it cannot contract on cooling. The tension in the rod at 0°C is (\( \alpha = 1\times10^{-5}\)/°C, \( Y = 2\times10^{11}\) N/m²)
(a) 3925 N
(b) 7000 N
(c) 7400 N
(d) 4700 N
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3925 N

Explanation:
1. Tension \( = YA\alpha\Delta T \).
2. \( A = \pi(0.5\times10^{-2})^2 = 7.85\times10^{-5} \) m². \( F = 2\times10^{11}\times7.85\times10^{-5}\times10^{-5}\times25 \approx 3925 \) N.

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Question 19: A glass bottle of capacity 50 cc at 0°C is filled with paraffin at 15°C. The density of paraffin at 0°C is 0.82 g/cc, its coefficient of volume expansion over 0 to 15°C is 0.0009/°C and the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 0.000009/°C. The mass of paraffin in the bottle is
(a) 40.5 g
(b) 54.0 g
(c) 50.4 g
(d) 5.04 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 40.5 g

Explanation:
1. Bottle volume at 15°C: \( 50(1+3\times9\times10^{-6}\times15) \approx 50.02 \) cc.
2. Density of paraffin at 15°C: \( \frac{0.82}{1+0.0009\times15} = 0.809 \) g/cc.
3. Mass = 50.02 × 0.809 ≈ 40.5 g.

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Question 20: A block of ice of mass m = 10 kg is moved back and forth over the flat horizontal surface of a large block of ice. Both blocks are at 0°C and the force producing the motion acts only horizontally. The coefficient of friction between the surfaces is 0.060. If 15.2 g of water is produced, the total distance travelled by the upper block relative to the lower one is (L = 3.34 × 10⁵ J/kg, g = 9.8 m/s²)
(a) 432 m
(b) 863 m
(c) 368 m
(d) 216 m
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 863 m

Explanation:
1. Heat to melt = 0.0152 × 3.34 × 10⁵ = 5076.8 J.
2. Work against friction = μmg d = 0.06 × 10 × 9.8 × d = 5.88 d.
3. d = 5076.8 / 5.88 ≈ 863 m.

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Question 21: A mercury thermometer is to be made with glass tubing of internal bore 0.5 mm and the distance between the fixed points to be 20 cm. The coefficient of expansion of mercury is 0.000180/°C and the coefficient of linear expansion of glass is 0.000009/°C. The internal volume of the bulb and stem below the lower fixed point is
(a) 0.527 cc
(b) 5.27 cc
(c) 2.57 cc
(d) 3.27 cc
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2.57 cc

Explanation:
1. Volume of the stem between the marks: \( \pi(0.025)^2\times20 = 0.0393 \) cc.
2. Apparent expansion of mercury over 100°C: \( (0.000180-3\times0.000009)\times100 = 0.0153 \) per unit volume.
3. Bulb volume V = 0.0393 / 0.0153 ≈ 2.57 cc.

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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter

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