JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter MCQs Set 10

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics: Thermal Properties Of Matter

Review structured MCQ sets for JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter. Built according to official JEE guidelines, these downloadable questions support daily revision and core concept reinforcement.

Practice Thermal Properties Of Matter MCQs for JEE Physics

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Thermal Properties Of Matter below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official JEE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A system of rods is assembled so that each rod has length l and cross-sectional area S, and heat flows by conduction in steady state. The rods are: AD with conductivity 2k, DC with k, AB with k, BC with 2k and DB (the vertical diagonal) with 2k, where A, B, C, D are the junctions. The temperature of junction B is T and that of junction D is 2T. The temperature of junction A is:
(a) \( \frac53T \)
(b) \( \frac23T \)
(c) 1.8 T
(d) 1.5 T
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac53T \)

Explanation:
1. Rods through A are AD (2k) and AB (k) only. In steady state the heat entering A equals the heat leaving: \( 2k(2T-T_A)=k(T_A-T) \).
2. \( 4T-2T_A=T_A-T \), so \( T_A=\frac{5T}{3} \).

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Question 2: A system of rods is assembled so that each rod has length l and cross-sectional area S, and heat flows by conduction in steady state. The rods are: AD with conductivity 2k, DC with k, AB with k, BC with 2k and DB (the vertical diagonal) with 2k. The temperature of junction B is T and that of junction D is 2T. The temperature of junction C is:
(a) \( \frac53T \)
(b) \( \frac43T \)
(c) 1.6 T
(d) 1.5 T
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac43T \)

Explanation:
1. Rods through C are DC (k) and BC (2k): \( k(2T-T_C)=2k(T_C-T) \).
2. \( 2T-T_C=2T_C-2T \), so \( 3T_C=4T \) and \( T_C=\frac{4T}{3} \).

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Question 3: A system of rods is assembled so that each rod has length l and cross-sectional area S, and heat flows by conduction in steady state. The rods are: AD with conductivity 2k, DC with k, AB with k, BC with 2k and DB (the vertical diagonal) with 2k. The temperature of junction B is T and that of junction D is 2T. The rate of heat flow along DB is:
(a) zero
(b) \( \frac{kTS}{l} \)
(c) \( \frac{2kTS}{l} \)
(d) \( \frac{kTS}{2l} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{2kTS}{l} \)

Explanation:
1. Rod DB connects D at 2T directly to B at T, whatever the other rods do.
2. Rate \( =\frac{(2k)S(2T-T)}{l}=\frac{2kTS}{l} \).

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Question 4: The emissivity e of a surface varies with its absolute temperature T as \( e=CT \) (C is a constant). If the energy emission rate from the surface at 600 K is 160 W, the emission rate at 300 K is:
(a) 320 W
(b) 32 W
(c) 16 W
(d) 5 W
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 5 W

Explanation:
1. Power \( P=e\sigma AT^4\propto T\cdot T^4=T^5 \).
2. \( P_{300}=160\left(\frac12\right)^5=5 \) W.

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Question 5: Two identical blocks of metal are at 20 degrees C and 80 degrees C. The specific heat of the material increases with temperature. When the two blocks are brought into contact (no heat lost to the surroundings), the final temperature \( T_f \) is:
(a) more than 50 degrees C
(b) exactly 50 degrees C
(c) less than 50 degrees C
(d) either more or less than 50 degrees C depending on the exact variation of specific heat
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) more than 50 degrees C

Explanation:
1. Heat lost by the hot block \( =\int_{T_f}^{80}s\,dT \) and heat gained by the cold one \( =\int_{20}^{T_f}s\,dT \).
2. If \( T_f=50 \), the hot block would lose more heat, because s is larger at higher temperatures, than the cold block gains. So the hot block must lose less, which means it cools less: \( T_f\gt 50 \) degrees C.

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Question 6: Three spheres A, B and C of radii R, 2R and 3R are coated with carbon black. The wavelengths of maximum intensity of their radiation are 3000 angstrom, 4000 angstrom and 5000 angstrom respectively. The powers radiated are \( Q_A \), \( Q_B \) and \( Q_C \). Then:
(a) \( Q_A\ \text{is maximum} \)
(b) \( Q_B\ \text{is maximum} \)
(c) \( Q_C\ \text{is minimum} \)
(d) \( Q_A=Q_B=Q_C \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( Q_B\ \text{is maximum} \)

Explanation:
1. Power \( \propto r^2T^4\propto\frac{r^2}{\lambda_m^4} \) (Wien: \( T\propto1/\lambda_m \)).
2. A: \( \frac{1}{3^4}=0.0123 \); B: \( \frac{4}{4^4}=0.0156 \); C: \( \frac{9}{5^4}=0.0144 \). So \( Q_B \) is the largest and \( Q_A \) the smallest.

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Question 7: A heating curve is recorded for a 200 g solid object heated by a constant power of 1 kW. The temperature rises, stays constant at 300 K from t = 500 s to 1200 s (melting), then rises to 800 K by t = 1600 s, and stays constant at 800 K from t = 1600 s to t = 2500 s (boiling). The latent heat of vaporization of the material is:
(a) \( 4.5\times10^4\ \text{J/kg} \)
(b) \( 9\times10^6\ \text{J/kg} \)
(c) \( 4.5\times10^6\ \text{J/kg} \)
(d) \( 2.25\times10^6\ \text{J/kg} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( 4.5\times10^6\ \text{J/kg} \)

Explanation:
1. Time on the vaporization plateau \( =2500-1600=900 \) s, so heat absorbed \( =1000\times900=9\times10^5 \) J.
2. \( L_v=\frac{9\times10^5}{0.2}=4.5\times10^6 \) J/kg.

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Question 8: Three rods of copper, brass and steel are welded together to form a Y-shaped structure. The area of cross-section of each rod is 4 cm². The free end of the copper rod is kept at 100 degrees C, while the free ends of the brass and steel rods are at 0 degrees C. The lengths of the copper, brass and steel rods are 46, 13 and 12 cm, with thermal conductivities 0.92, 0.26 and 0.12 CGS units. The rate of heat flow through the copper rod is:
(a) 1.2 cal/s
(b) 2.4 cal/s
(c) 6.0 cal/s
(d) 4.8 cal/s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4.8 cal/s

Explanation:
1. Conductances \( \frac{KA}{l} \) per cm² factor: copper \( \frac{0.92}{46}=0.02 \), brass \( \frac{0.26}{13}=0.02 \), steel \( \frac{0.12}{12}=0.01 \).
2. Junction temperature \( \theta \): \( 0.02(100-\theta)=0.02\theta+0.01\theta \), so \( \theta=40 \) degrees C.
3. Rate \( =4\times0.02\times60=4.8 \) cal/s.

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Question 9: A piece of metal is heated to a high temperature and then allowed to cool in a room at temperature \( \theta_0 \). Which description of the variation of the metal's temperature T with time t is closest to the truth?
(a) T falls exponentially and approaches \( \theta_0 \) asymptotically
(b) T falls linearly until it reaches \( \theta_0 \) and then stays constant
(c) T falls linearly and passes below \( \theta_0 \)
(d) T falls slowly at first and faster later, reaching \( \theta_0 \) in a finite time
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) T falls exponentially and approaches \( \theta_0 \) asymptotically

Explanation:
1. By Newton's law of cooling \( \frac{dT}{dt}=-k(T-\theta_0) \).
2. The solution \( T-\theta_0=(T_i-\theta_0)e^{-kt} \) is a decaying exponential that gets steeper-then-flatter and approaches \( \theta_0 \) only asymptotically.

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Question 10: The specific heat capacity of a metal at low temperature T is \( C_p=32\left(\frac{T}{400}\right)^3 \) kJ K⁻¹ kg⁻¹. A 100 g vessel of this metal is to be cooled from 20 K to 4 K by a refrigerator operating in a room at 27 degrees C (300 K). The minimum work required is closest to:
(a) 0.002 kJ
(b) 0.038 kJ
(c) 0.148 kJ
(d) 0.38 kJ
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 0.038 kJ

Explanation:
1. For a small heat \( dQ \) removed at temperature T by a reversible refrigerator, \( dW=dQ\,\frac{300-T}{T} \), with \( dQ=mC_p\,dT \).
2. \( m C_p=0.1\times\frac{32}{400^3}T^3=5\times10^{-8}T^3 \) kJ/K. \( W=5\times10^{-8}\int_4^{20}(300T^2-T^3)dT=5\times10^{-8}\left[100(8000-64)-\frac{160000-256}{4}\right] \).
3. \( =5\times10^{-8}[793600-39936]\approx0.038 \) kJ. (The heat removed is only about 0.002 kJ, so the work is much larger than the heat.)

Teacher's Note:
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Question 11: The coefficient of volume expansion of glycerin is \( 5\times10^{-4}\ \text{K}^{-1} \). The fractional change in the density of glycerin for a rise of 40 degrees C in its temperature is:
(a) 0.025
(b) 0.010
(c) 0.020
(d) 0.015
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 0.020

Explanation:
1. \( \rho'=\frac{\rho}{1+\gamma\Delta T} \), so \( \left|\frac{\Delta\rho}{\rho}\right|\approx\gamma\Delta T \).
2. \( =5\times10^{-4}\times40=0.020 \).

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Question 12: The two ends of a metal rod are kept at 100 degrees C and 110 degrees C and the rate of heat flow is 4.0 J/s. If the ends are kept at 200 degrees C and 210 degrees C, the rate of heat flow is:
(a) 8 J/s
(b) 2 J/s
(c) 6 J/s
(d) 4 J/s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 4 J/s

Explanation:
1. Rate \( =\frac{KA\Delta T}{l} \) depends only on the temperature difference.
2. Both cases have \( \Delta T=10 \) degrees C, so the rate stays 4 J/s.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 13: Light from three stars P, Q and R is observed. The intensity of violet is maximum in the spectrum of P, green in the spectrum of R and red in the spectrum of Q. If \( T_P, T_Q, T_R \) are the absolute temperatures, then:
(a) \( T_P\gt T_R\gt T_Q \)
(b) \( T_P\lt T_R\lt T_Q \)
(c) \( T_P\lt T_Q\lt T_R \)
(d) \( T_P\gt T_Q\gt T_R \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( T_P\gt T_R\gt T_Q \)

Explanation:
1. Wien's law: \( \lambda_mT=\text{constant} \), so a shorter peak wavelength means a higher temperature.
2. Violet < green < red in wavelength, so \( T_P\gt T_R\gt T_Q \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 14: Steam at 100 degrees C is passed into 20 g of water at 10 degrees C. When the water reaches 80 degrees C, the mass of water present is (specific heat of water 1 cal/g/degree C, latent heat of steam 540 cal/g):
(a) 24 g
(b) 22.5 g
(c) 31.5 g
(d) 42.5 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 22.5 g

Explanation:
1. Heat gained by the water \( =20\times1\times70=1400 \) cal.
2. Steam of mass x gives \( x(540+1\times20)=560x \) as it condenses and cools to 80 degrees C. So \( x=2.5 \) g.
3. Total water \( =20+2.5=22.5 \) g.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 15: A quantity of water cools from 70 degrees C to 60 degrees C in the first 5 minutes and from 60 degrees C to 54 degrees C in the next 5 minutes. The temperature of the surroundings is:
(a) 20 degrees C
(b) 42 degrees C
(c) 45 degrees C
(d) 10 degrees C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 45 degrees C

Explanation:
1. Newton's law: \( \frac{\Delta T}{t}=k(T_{avg}-T_0) \). First interval: \( \frac{10}{5}=k(65-T_0) \); second: \( \frac65=k(57-T_0) \).
2. Dividing: \( \frac{10}{6}=\frac{65-T_0}{57-T_0} \), so \( 570-10T_0=390-6T_0 \) and \( T_0=45 \) degrees C.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 16: A piece of iron is heated in a flame. It first becomes dull red, then reddish yellow and finally white hot. The correct explanation of this uses:
(a) Kirchhoff's law
(b) Newton's law of cooling
(c) Stefan's law
(d) Wien's displacement law
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Wien's displacement law

Explanation:
1. The colour is set by the wavelength of maximum emission.
2. Wien's law \( \lambda_mT=b \) shows that as T rises \( \lambda_m \) shifts from red towards shorter wavelengths, so the colour changes from red to white.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 17: The radius of a star is R and it radiates as a black body. The temperature of the star at which the rate of energy production (power radiated) is Q is:
(a) \( \left(\frac{Q}{4\pi R^2\sigma}\right)^{1/4} \)
(b) \( \frac{Q}{4\pi R^2\sigma} \)
(c) \( \left(\frac{Q}{4\pi R^2\sigma}\right)^{-1/2} \)
(d) \( \left(\frac{4\pi R^2Q}{\sigma}\right)^{1/4} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \left(\frac{Q}{4\pi R^2\sigma}\right)^{1/4} \)

Explanation:
1. \( Q=\sigma(4\pi R^2)T^4 \).
2. \( T=\left(\frac{Q}{4\pi R^2\sigma}\right)^{1/4} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 18: A slab of area 0.36 m² and thickness 0.1 m has its lower surface exposed to steam at 100 degrees C. A block of ice at 0 degrees C rests on its upper surface. In one hour 4.8 kg of ice melts. The thermal conductivity of the slab is (latent heat of fusion of ice \( 3.36\times10^5 \) J/kg):
(a) 1.29 J/m/s/degree C
(b) 1.24 J/m/s/degree C
(c) 2.05 J/m/s/degree C
(d) 1.02 J/m/s/degree C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1.24 J/m/s/degree C

Explanation:
1. Heat per second \( =\frac{4.8\times3.36\times10^5}{3600}=448 \) W.
2. \( 448=\frac{K(0.36)(100)}{0.1} \), so \( K=\frac{448}{360}=1.24 \) J/m/s/degree C.

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Question 19: A cylindrical metallic rod in thermal contact with two heat reservoirs at its ends conducts an amount of heat Q in time t. The rod is melted and recast into a rod of half the radius of the original. The amount of heat conducted by the new rod in the same time t between the same reservoirs is:
(a) \( \frac Q4 \)
(b) \( 2Q \)
(c) \( \frac Q{16} \)
(d) \( \frac Q2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac Q{16} \)

Explanation:
1. Volume is constant: radius halved means area becomes \( \frac14 \), so length becomes 4 times.
2. Heat flow \( \propto\frac{A}{l}\to\frac{1/4}{4}=\frac1{16} \), so the new rod conducts \( \frac Q{16} \).

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Question 20: Assume that the sun has a spherical outer surface of radius r and radiates like a black body at temperature t degrees C. The power received by a unit surface (normal to the rays) at a distance R from the centre of the sun is:
(a) \( \frac{r^2\sigma(t-273)^4}{4\pi R^2} \)
(b) \( \frac{16\pi^2r^2\sigma t^4}{R^2} \)
(c) \( \frac{4\pi r^2\sigma t^4}{R^2} \)
(d) \( \frac{r^2\sigma(t+273)^4}{R^2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{r^2\sigma(t+273)^4}{R^2} \)

Explanation:
1. Total power \( =4\pi r^2\sigma(t+273)^4 \).
2. Spread over a sphere of radius R: intensity \( =\frac{4\pi r^2\sigma(t+273)^4}{4\pi R^2}=\frac{r^2\sigma(t+273)^4}{R^2} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 21: A black body at 1227 degrees C emits radiation with maximum intensity at a wavelength of 5000 angstrom. If its temperature is increased by 1000 K, the maximum intensity will be observed at:
(a) 3000 angstrom
(b) 4000 angstrom
(c) 5000 angstrom
(d) 6000 angstrom
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3000 angstrom

Explanation:
1. \( T_1=1227+273=1500 \) K and \( T_2=2500 \) K.
2. \( \lambda_m\propto\frac1T \): \( \lambda_2=5000\times\frac{1500}{2500}=3000 \) angstrom.

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Question 22: A copper sphere is suspended in an evacuated chamber maintained at 300 K. It is kept at a constant temperature of 500 K by electrical heating, and 300 W of power is needed. When half of the surface of the sphere is completely blackened, 600 W is needed to maintain the same temperature. If the emissivity of copper is \( e=\frac1K \), K is:
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3

Explanation:
1. Let \( P_0=\sigma A(500^4-300^4) \). Initially \( eP_0=300 \).
2. After blackening half: \( \frac e2P_0+\frac12P_0=600 \), i.e. \( 150+\frac{P_0}{2}=600 \), so \( P_0=900 \) W.
3. \( e=\frac{300}{900}=\frac13 \), so K = 3.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 23: A calorimeter contains 400 g of water at 5 degrees C. Then 200 g of water at +10 degrees C and 400 g of ice at -60 degrees C are added (specific heat of water 1 cal/g/K, of ice 0.5 cal/g/K, latent heat of fusion 80 cal/g; neglect the calorimeter). The final temperature of the contents is:
(a) 5 degrees C
(b) -5 degrees C
(c) 0 degrees C
(d) 10 degrees C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 0 degrees C

Explanation:
1. Heat needed to warm the ice to 0 degrees C \( =400\times0.5\times60=12000 \) cal.
2. Heat released by the water cooling to 0 degrees C \( =400\times5+200\times10=4000 \) cal, which is not enough, so some water freezes: it supplies 8000 cal, requiring \( \frac{8000}{80}=100 \) g to freeze.
3. This is less than the 600 g of water available, so ice and water coexist: the final temperature is 0 degrees C.

Teacher's Note:
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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics Thermal Properties Of Matter

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