JEE Physics Motion In A Plane MCQs Set 21

Practice MCQs for JEE Physics Motion In A Plane

Access targeted multiple-choice questions for Motion In A Plane designed to align with the latest JEE academic syllabus for JEE Physics. These objective practice sets help students evaluate their conceptual understanding and improve exam readiness.

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: A particle starts moving on a circle with constant tangential acceleration. At the moment it completes half of the circular track, the angle between its velocity vector and its acceleration vector is:
(a) \( \tan^{-1}(2\pi) \)
(b) \( \tan^{-1}(\pi) \)
(c) \( \tan^{-1}(3\pi) \)
(d) zero
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \tan^{-1}(2\pi) \)

Explanation:
1. Let the tangential acceleration be \( a_t \) and the radius \( R \). After half the circle, \( s=\pi R \).
2. \( v^2=2a_t s=2\pi R a_t \), so the centripetal acceleration is \( a_c=v^2/R=2\pi a_t \).
3. Velocity is along the tangent, so the angle with the total acceleration satisfies \( \tan\theta=a_c/a_t=2\pi \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 2: A ball is projected from the origin with a speed of 20 m/s at an angle of 30° with the x-axis (take g = 10 m/s²). The x-coordinate of the ball at the instant when its velocity becomes perpendicular to the velocity of projection is:
(a) 40 m
(b) \( 40\sqrt{3}\ \text{m} \)
(c) \( 20\sqrt{3}\ \text{m} \)
(d) 20 m
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 40\sqrt{3}\ \text{m} \)

Explanation:
1. Initial velocity \( \vec u=(10\sqrt3,\,10) \) m/s. At time t: \( \vec v=(10\sqrt3,\,10-10t) \).
2. Perpendicular means \( \vec u\cdot\vec v=0 \): \( 300+10(10-10t)=0 \), so t = 4 s.
3. \( x=10\sqrt3\times4=40\sqrt3 \) m.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 3: A particle performs uniform circular motion in the anticlockwise sense with time period T. At t = 0 it is at the lowest point A of the circle. Let \( \theta_1 \) be the angle between its acceleration at t = T/4 and its average velocity during the interval 0 to T/4, and \( \theta_2 \) the angle between its acceleration at t = T/4 and the change in its velocity during the same interval. Then:
(a) \( \theta_1=135^\circ,\ \theta_2=135^\circ \)
(b) \( \theta_1=45^\circ,\ \theta_2=135^\circ \)
(c) \( \theta_1=135^\circ,\ \theta_2=45^\circ \)
(d) \( \theta_1=45^\circ,\ \theta_2=45^\circ \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \theta_1=135^\circ,\ \theta_2=45^\circ \)

Explanation:
1. Take the centre as origin. A is at (0, -R); after T/4 the particle is at (R, 0).
2. Acceleration at T/4 points to the centre: direction (-1, 0). Average velocity is along the displacement (R, R): direction (1, 1). The angle between them is 135°.
3. Initial velocity is (v, 0) and final velocity is (0, v), so the change in velocity is (-v, v). Its angle with (-1, 0) is 45°.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 4: A smooth wire track lies in a vertical plane and has the shape of the parabola \( y=x^2/a \) (a is a constant). A ring of mass m, free to slide on the wire, is placed at the point (a, a). The track is rotated about the vertical y-axis with constant angular speed \( \omega \) so that the ring does not slip relative to the track. Then \( \omega \) equals:
(a) \( \sqrt{\frac{g}{a}} \)
(b) \( \sqrt{\frac{g}{2a}} \)
(c) \( 2^{1/4}\left(\frac{g}{a}\right)^{1/2} \)
(d) \( \sqrt{\frac{2g}{a}} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \sqrt{\frac{2g}{a}} \)

Explanation:
1. The ring moves in a horizontal circle of radius x = a. Forces: weight mg and the normal reaction N (perpendicular to the wire).
2. If the tangent makes angle \( \phi \) with the horizontal: \( N\cos\phi=mg \) and \( N\sin\phi=m\omega^2x \), so \( \tan\phi=\omega^2x/g \).
3. Slope at x = a: \( \tan\phi=dy/dx=2x/a=2 \). Hence \( \omega^2a/g=2 \) and \( \omega=\sqrt{2g/a} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 5: A particle slides down a frictionless parabolic track \( y=x^2 \) from rest at point A. B is the vertex of the parabola and C is a point lower than A on the other arm. After C the particle moves freely in air as a projectile and reaches its highest point at P. Then:
(a) Total energy at P = total energy at A
(b) KE at P = KE at B
(c) Height at P = height at A
(d) Time of travel from A to B = time of travel from B to P
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Total energy at P = total energy at A

Explanation:
1. The track is frictionless and the projectile motion is under gravity only, so mechanical energy is conserved throughout: total energy at P = total energy at A.
2. At P the particle still has horizontal velocity, so KE at P is positive but less than KE at B (B is the lowest point and has the maximum speed).
3. At P the KE is not zero, so the height at P is less than the height at A. The time from A to B is not equal to the time from B to P in general.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 6: A particle is thrown with speed u at an angle \( \theta \) to the horizontal. When the particle makes an angle \( \phi \) with the horizontal its speed is v. Then:
(a) \( v=u\cos\theta \)
(b) \( v=u\cos\theta\sec\phi \)
(c) \( v=u\cos\theta\cos\phi \)
(d) \( v=u\sec\theta\cos\phi \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( v=u\cos\theta\sec\phi \)

Explanation:
1. The horizontal component of velocity is constant in projectile motion.
2. So \( v\cos\phi=u\cos\theta \).
3. Therefore \( v=u\cos\theta\,\sec\phi \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 7: A ladder placed on a smooth floor slips. At a given instant the velocity with which the lower end is slipping on the floor is \( v_1 \) and the velocity of the upper end, which is touching the wall, is \( v_2 \). The speed of the centre of the ladder at that instant is:
(a) \( \frac{v_1+v_2}{2} \)
(b) \( v_1 \)
(c) \( \frac{\sqrt{v_1^2+v_2^2}}{2} \)
(d) \( v_2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{\sqrt{v_1^2+v_2^2}}{2} \)

Explanation:
1. Take the corner as origin. Lower end at \( (x,0) \), upper end at \( (0,y) \); the centre is at \( (x/2,\,y/2) \).
2. Differentiating, the centre has velocity components \( (v_1/2,\ v_2/2) \) (horizontal and vertical).
3. Speed \( =\frac12\sqrt{v_1^2+v_2^2} \).

Teacher's Note:
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189. .

Question 8: A very broad lift is going up with a constant acceleration of 2 m/s². At the instant its velocity is 4 m/s, a ball is projected from the floor of the lift with a speed of 4 m/s relative to the floor at an elevation of 30°. The time taken by the ball to return to the floor is (g = 10 m/s²):
(a) 0.5 s
(b) 0.25 s
(c) 1 s
(d) 0.33 s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 0.33 s

Explanation:
1. In the lift frame the effective gravity is \( g_{eff}=g+a=12 \) m/s² downward.
2. Relative to the floor, the vertical component of launch velocity is \( 4\sin30^\circ=2 \) m/s.
3. Time of flight \( =\frac{2\times2}{12}=\frac13 \) s \( \approx0.33 \) s.

Teacher's Note:
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178. .

Question 9: The horizontal range and maximum height of a projectile are R and H respectively. If a constant horizontal acceleration a = g/4 is imparted to the projectile due to wind (in the direction of its horizontal motion), its new horizontal range and maximum height will be:
(a) \( (R+H),\ H \)
(b) \( \left(R+\frac H2\right),\ 2H \)
(c) \( (R+2H),\ H \)
(d) \( (R+H),\ \frac H2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( (R+H),\ H \)

Explanation:
1. The vertical motion is unaffected, so the maximum height stays H and the time of flight \( T=\frac{2u\sin\theta}{g} \) is unchanged.
2. Extra range \( =\frac12aT^2=\frac12\cdot\frac g4\cdot\frac{4u^2\sin^2\theta}{g^2}=\frac{u^2\sin^2\theta}{2g}=H \).
3. New range \( =R+H \), maximum height \( =H \).

Teacher's Note:
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151. .

Question 10: With what minimum speed must a particle be projected from the origin so that it can pass through the point (30 m, 40 m)? Take g = 10 m/s².
(a) 60 m/s
(b) 30 m/s
(c) 50 m/s
(d) 40 m/s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 30 m/s

Explanation:
1. The trajectory is \( y=x\tan\theta-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2}(1+\tan^2\theta) \).
2. This is a quadratic in \( \tan\theta \); a real solution needs the discriminant to be non-negative, which gives \( u^2\ge g\left(y+\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\right) \).
3. \( u^2\ge10(40+50)=900 \), so \( u_{min}=30 \) m/s.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 11: A projectile is thrown with a velocity of \( 10\sqrt2 \) m/s at an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The interval between the two moments at which its speed is \( \sqrt{125} \) m/s is (g = 10 m/s²):
(a) 1.5 s
(b) 2.0 s
(c) 1.0 s
(d) 0.5 s
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1.0 s

Explanation:
1. Components at launch: \( v_x=10 \) m/s, \( v_{y0}=10 \) m/s.
2. Speed \( \sqrt{125} \): \( 100+v_y^2=125 \), so \( v_y=\pm5 \) m/s.
3. \( v_y=+5 \) at \( t=0.5 \) s and \( v_y=-5 \) at \( t=1.5 \) s. The interval is 1.0 s.

Teacher's Note:
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Question 12: Two particles A and B are separated by a horizontal distance x. They are projected at the same instant towards each other, A with speed \( u\sqrt3 \) at 30° to the horizontal and B with speed u at 60° to the horizontal. The time after which the horizontal distance between them becomes zero is:
(a) \( \frac{x}{u} \)
(b) \( \frac{2x}{u} \)
(c) \( \frac{4x}{u} \)
(d) \( \frac{x}{2u} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{x}{2u} \)

Explanation:
1. Horizontal speed of A: \( u\sqrt3\cos30^\circ=\frac{3u}{2} \).
2. Horizontal speed of B (towards A): \( u\cos60^\circ=\frac u2 \).
3. Closing speed \( =\frac{3u}{2}+\frac u2=2u \), so \( t=\frac{x}{2u} \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 13: A projectile is given an initial velocity of \( (\hat i+2\hat j) \) m/s, where \( \hat i \) is along the ground and \( \hat j \) is along the vertical. If g = 10 m/s², the equation of its trajectory is:
(a) \( y=2x-5x^2 \)
(b) \( y=x-5x^2 \)
(c) \( 4y=2x-5x^2 \)
(d) \( 4y=2x-25x^2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( y=2x-5x^2 \)

Explanation:
1. Here \( u_x=1 \) and \( u_y=2 \), so \( x=t \) and \( y=2t-5t^2 \).
2. Eliminating t: \( y=2x-5x^2 \).

Teacher's Note:
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122. .

Question 14: A projectile aimed at a mark on a horizontal plane through the point of projection falls 6 m short when its elevation is 30° and overshoots the mark by 9 m when its elevation is 45°. The angle of elevation needed to hit the target is:
(a) \( \sin^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{5}\right] \)
(b) \( \frac12\sin^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{10}\right] \)
(c) \( \cos^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{5}\right] \)
(d) \( \frac12\cos^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{10}\right] \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac12\sin^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{10}\right] \)

Explanation:
1. Let the distance to the mark be R and \( u^2/g=K \). Then \( K\sin60^\circ=R-6 \) and \( K\sin90^\circ=R+9 \).
2. So \( K=R+9 \) and \( \frac{\sqrt3}{2}(R+9)=R-6 \), giving \( R=\frac{12+9\sqrt3}{2-\sqrt3} \approx 102.96 \) m and \( K\approx111.96 \) m.
3. \( \sin2\theta=R/K\approx0.9196=\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{10} \) (checked numerically), so \( \theta=\frac12\sin^{-1}\left[\frac{3\sqrt3+4}{10}\right] \).

Teacher's Note:
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Question 15: A heavy particle is projected from a point on the horizontal at an angle of 60° with the horizontal and speed 10 m/s. The radius of curvature of its path at the instant it crosses the same horizontal level is (g = 10 m/s²):
(a) Infinite
(b) 10 m
(c) 20 m
(d) 11.54 m
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 20 m

Explanation:
1. On landing the speed is 10 m/s and the velocity makes 60° with the horizontal.
2. The component of g perpendicular to the velocity is \( g\cos60^\circ=5 \) m/s².
3. \( r=\frac{v^2}{a_\perp}=\frac{100}{5}=20 \) m.

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Question 16: The vectors \( \vec A=\cos\omega t\,\hat i+\sin\omega t\,\hat j \) and \( \vec B=\cos\frac{\omega t}{2}\hat i+\sin\frac{\omega t}{2}\hat j \) are functions of time. The (first non-zero) value of t at which they are orthogonal is:
(a) \( t=0 \)
(b) \( t=\frac{\pi}{4\omega} \)
(c) \( t=\frac{\pi}{2\omega} \)
(d) \( t=\frac{\pi}{\omega} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( t=\frac{\pi}{\omega} \)

Explanation:
1. \( \vec A\cdot\vec B=\cos\omega t\cos\frac{\omega t}2+\sin\omega t\sin\frac{\omega t}2=\cos\frac{\omega t}{2} \).
2. Orthogonal when \( \cos\frac{\omega t}2=0 \), i.e. \( \frac{\omega t}{2}=\frac\pi2 \), so \( t=\frac\pi\omega \).
3. At t = 0 the vectors are parallel (dot product 1), so t = 0 is not a solution.

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Question 17: A projectile is fired from the surface of the earth with a velocity of 5 m/s at an angle \( \theta \) with the horizontal. Another projectile fired from another planet with a velocity of 3 m/s at the same angle follows a trajectory identical to that of the first. The acceleration due to gravity on that planet (in m/s²) is (take g on earth = 9.8 m/s²):
(a) 3.5
(b) 5.9
(c) 16.3
(d) 110.8
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3.5

Explanation:
1. The trajectory \( y=x\tan\theta-\frac{gx^2}{2u^2\cos^2\theta} \) is identical only if \( g/u^2 \) is the same.
2. \( \frac{g_p}{3^2}=\frac{9.8}{5^2} \).
3. \( g_p=9.8\times\frac{9}{25}\approx3.5 \) m/s².

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Question 18: A projectile is fired at an angle of 45° with the horizontal. The elevation angle of the projectile at its highest point, as seen from the point of projection, is:
(a) 45°
(b) \( \tan^{-1}\frac12 \)
(c) 60°
(d) \( \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \tan^{-1}\frac12 \)

Explanation:
1. Maximum height \( H=\frac{u^2\sin^2\theta}{2g} \); horizontal distance to the top \( =\frac R2=\frac{u^2\sin\theta\cos\theta}{g} \).
2. \( \tan\alpha=\frac{H}{R/2}=\frac{\tan\theta}{2} \).
3. For \( \theta=45^\circ \): \( \alpha=\tan^{-1}\frac12 \).

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Question 19: Two boys stand at the ends A and B of a ground, with AB = a. The boy at B starts running in a direction perpendicular to AB with velocity \( v_1 \). The boy at A starts at the same time with velocity v and catches the other boy after a time t, where t equals:
(a) \( \frac{a}{\sqrt{v^2+v_1^2}} \)
(b) \( \frac{a}{v+v_1} \)
(c) \( \frac{a}{\sqrt{v^2-v_1^2}} \)
(d) \( \frac{a}{v-v_1} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{a}{\sqrt{v^2-v_1^2}} \)

Explanation:
1. For A to catch B, A's velocity component perpendicular to AB must equal \( v_1 \) (so that they stay at the same distance from line AB).
2. So the component along AB is \( \sqrt{v^2-v_1^2} \).
3. Along AB, A covers the distance a: \( t=\frac{a}{\sqrt{v^2-v_1^2}} \).

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Question 20: If the position vector is \( \vec r=3\hat i-4\hat j+\hat k \) and the angular velocity is \( \vec\omega=5\hat i-6\hat j+6\hat k \), the linear velocity \( \vec v \) is:
(a) \( 4\hat i-13\hat j+6\hat k \)
(b) \( 6\hat i+2\hat j-3\hat k \)
(c) \( 6\hat i-2\hat j+8\hat k \)
(d) \( 18\hat i+13\hat j-2\hat k \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( 18\hat i+13\hat j-2\hat k \)

Explanation:
1. \( \vec v=\vec\omega\times\vec r \).
2. \( \hat i:\ (-6)(1)-(6)(-4)=18 \); \( \hat j:\ (6)(3)-(5)(1)=13 \); \( \hat k:\ (5)(-4)-(-6)(3)=-2 \).
3. So \( \vec v=18\hat i+13\hat j-2\hat k \) m/s.

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Motion In A Plane Objective Questions & Solutions for JEE Physics

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