JEE Physics Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter MCQs Set 20

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Physics: Dual Nature Of Radiation and Matter

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The maximum energy of electrons released in a photocell is independent of
(a) the frequency of the incident light
(b) the intensity of the incident light
(c) the nature of the cathode
(d) All of the above
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) the intensity of the incident light

Explanation:
1. Kmax = hν − φ depends on frequency and cathode material but not on intensity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 2: Two radiations of photon energies 1 eV and 2.5 eV successively illuminate a photosensitive metallic surface of work function 0.5 eV. The ratio of the maximum speeds of the emitted electrons is
(a) 1 : 4
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 1
(d) 1 : 5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1 : 2

Explanation:
1. Kmax = 0.5 eV and 2.0 eV.
2. v ∝ √K, so the ratio is √(0.5/2) = 1 : 2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 3: According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, it is true that
(a) we can precisely specify the momentum and energy of an electron
(b) we cannot precisely specify the momentum and wavelength associated with an electron
(c) we cannot precisely specify the momentum and position of electron at the same time
(d) we can precisely specify the momentum and position of electron at the same time
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) we cannot precisely specify the momentum and position of electron at the same time

Explanation:
1. ΔxΔp ≈ h forbids exact simultaneous values of position and momentum.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 4: Cathode rays consist of
(a) photons
(b) electrons
(c) α-particles
(d) protons
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) electrons

Explanation:
1. Cathode rays are streams of electrons, as shown by J.J. Thomson.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 5: The work function for photoelectric effect
(a) is different for different metals
(b) is same for all metals
(c) depends upon the intensity of incident light
(d) depends upon the frequency of incident light
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) is different for different metals

Explanation:
1. Each metal has its own work function.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 6: Ultraviolet radiation of 6.2 eV falls on an aluminium surface (work function 4.2 eV). The kinetic energy in joule of the faster electron emitted is approximately
(a) 3 × 10⁻²¹
(b) 3 × 10⁻¹⁹
(c) 3 × 10⁻¹⁷
(d) 3 × 10⁻¹⁵
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3 × 10⁻¹⁹

Explanation:
1. Kmax = 6.2 − 4.2 = 2 eV = 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ J ≈ 3 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 7: The de Broglie wavelength corresponding to a particle of mass m and charge q accelerated from rest to a potential V is given by
(a) \( \lambda=\frac{h}{mqV} \)
(b) \( \lambda=\frac{h}{2mqV} \)
(c) \( \lambda=\frac{h}{\sqrt{2mqV}} \)
(d) \( \lambda=\frac{h}{2mqV^2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \lambda=\frac{h}{\sqrt{2mqV}} \)

Explanation:
1. qV = p²/2m, so λ = h/√(2mqV).

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 8: The wave theory of light does not explain
(a) polarisation
(b) photocurrent
(c) diffraction
(d) interference
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) photocurrent

Explanation:
1. Instantaneous photoemission and threshold frequency need the photon picture.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 9: Which of the following shows particle nature of light?
(a) Refraction
(b) Interference
(c) Polarization
(d) Photoelectric effect
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Photoelectric effect

Explanation:
1. Photoelectric effect shows the photon (particle) nature.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 10: The work function of a substance is 4.0 eV. The longest wavelength of light that can cause photoelectron emission from this substance is approximately
(a) 310 nm
(b) 400 nm
(c) 540 nm
(d) 220 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 310 nm

Explanation:
1. λ = 1240 eV nm/4.0 eV = 310 nm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 11: Match the Columns I and II.
Column IColumn II
(A) Electromagnetism(1) Hertz
(B) Detection of electromagnetic waves(2) Roentgen
(C) X-rays(3) J.J. Thomson
(D) Electron(4) Maxwell

(a) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(b) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(c) A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
(d) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

Explanation:
1. Maxwell gave the theory of electromagnetism.
2. Hertz detected electromagnetic waves.
3. Roentgen discovered X-rays.
4. Thomson discovered the electron.

Teacher's Note:
1. Match each discovery with its scientist.

Question 12: According to Einstein's photoelectric equation, the plot of the kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons from a metal versus the frequency of the incident radiation gives a straight line whose slope
(a) depends both on the intensity of the radiation and the metal used
(b) depends on the intensity of the radiation
(c) depends on the nature of the metal used
(d) is the same for all metals and independent of the intensity of the radiation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) is the same for all metals and independent of the intensity of the radiation

Explanation:
1. The slope equals Planck's constant h for every metal.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 13: When light is incident on a metal surface, the maximum kinetic energy of emitted electrons
(a) varies with intensity of light
(b) varies with frequency of light
(c) varies with speed of light
(d) varies irregularly
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) varies with frequency of light

Explanation:
1. Kmax = hν − φ, which depends on frequency.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 14: For an electron accelerated from rest through a potential V, the de Broglie wavelength associated will be
(a) \( \frac{1.772}{\sqrt V}\ \text{nm} \)
(b) \( \frac{1.227}{\sqrt V}\ \mu\text{m} \)
(c) \( \frac{1.227}{\sqrt V}\ \text{nm} \)
(d) \( \frac{1.772}{\sqrt V}\ \text{m} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{1.227}{\sqrt V}\ \text{nm} \)

Explanation:
1. λ = 12.27/√V Å = 1.227/√V nm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 15: A monochromatic source of light operating at 200 W emits 4 × 10²⁰ photons per second. The wavelength of light is nearly
(a) 400 nm
(b) 200 nm
(c) 4 × 10⁻¹⁰ Å
(d) 800 nm
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 400 nm

Explanation:
1. Energy per photon = 200/4 × 10²⁰ = 5 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.
2. λ = hc/E = 1.99 × 10⁻²⁵/5 × 10⁻¹⁹ ≈ 4 × 10⁻⁷ m = 400 nm.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 16: Photoelectric emission occurs only when the incident light has more than a certain minimum
(a) power
(b) wavelength
(c) intensity
(d) frequency
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) frequency

Explanation:
1. Emission needs frequency above the threshold frequency.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 17: In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted
(a) at a rate that is proportional to the amplitude of the incident radiation
(b) with a maximum velocity proportional to the frequency of the incident radiation
(c) at a rate that is independent of the emitter
(d) only if the frequency of the incident radiation is above a certain threshold value
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) only if the frequency of the incident radiation is above a certain threshold value

Explanation:
1. Photoemission needs ν > ν₀.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 18: The energy of a photon of green light of wavelength 5000 Å is
(a) 3.459 × 10⁻¹⁹ joule
(b) 3.973 × 10⁻¹⁹ joule
(c) 4.132 × 10⁻¹⁹ joule
(d) 8453 × 10⁻¹⁹ joule
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3.973 × 10⁻¹⁹ joule

Explanation:
1. E = hc/λ = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸/5 × 10⁻⁷ = 3.97 × 10⁻¹⁹ J.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 19: Which of the following when falls on a metal will emit photoelectrons?
(a) UV radiations
(b) Infrared radiation
(c) Radio waves
(d) Microwaves
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) UV radiations

Explanation:
1. Only the high-frequency ultraviolet photons have enough energy for most metals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 20: The work function of a metal is
(a) the minimum current required to take out electron from the metal surface
(b) the maximum frequency required to take out electron from the metal surface
(c) the minimum amount of energy required to take out the electron from the metal surface
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) the minimum amount of energy required to take out the electron from the metal surface

Explanation:
1. Work function is the minimum energy needed to free an electron from the metal surface.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 21: The work function of a metal is independent of (i) nature of the surface of the metal (ii) dimensions of the metal (iii) properties of the metal (iv) abundance of the metal
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) (ii) and (iv)

Explanation:
1. Work function depends on the metal and its surface, not on size or abundance.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 22: All electrons ejected from a surface by incident light of wavelength 200 nm can be stopped before travelling 1 m in the direction of uniform electric field of 4 N/C. The work function of the surface is
(a) 4 eV
(b) 6.2 eV
(c) 2 eV
(d) 2.2 eV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 2.2 eV

Explanation:
1. Stopping over 1 m in 4 N/C gives Kmax = 4 eV.
2. Photon energy = 1240/200 = 6.2 eV.
3. φ = 6.2 − 4 = 2.2 eV.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 23: The presently accepted value of charge/mass (e/m) of the electron is
(a) 1.66 × 10⁻¹⁹ C/kg
(b) 9.1 × 10¹¹ C/kg
(c) 1.76 × 10¹¹ C/kg
(d) 9.1 × 10¹⁹ C/kg
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1.76 × 10¹¹ C/kg

Explanation:
1. e/m = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹/9.1 × 10⁻³¹ = 1.76 × 10¹¹ C/kg.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 24: Of the following properties, the photon does not possess
(a) rest mass
(b) momentum
(c) energy
(d) frequency
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) rest mass

Explanation:
1. A photon has zero rest mass.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

Question 25: Sodium and copper have work functions 2.3 eV and 4.5 eV respectively. Then the ratio of the threshold wavelengths is nearest to
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 2 : 1
(d) 1 : 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2 : 1

Explanation:
1. λ₀ ∝ 1/φ.
2. λNa/λCu = 4.5/2.3 ≈ 2 : 1.

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the basic fact.

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