JEE Mathematics Properties and Solution of Triangles MCQs Set 01

Practice MCQs for JEE Mathematics Properties and Solution of Triangles

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: If the area of triangle ABC is Δ, then \( a^2\sin2B+b^2\sin2A \) is equal to
(a) \( 2\Delta \)
(b) \( \Delta \)
(c) \( 4\Delta \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( 4\Delta \)

Explanation:
1. \( a^2\sin2B+b^2\sin2A=2a^2\sin B\cos B+2b^2\sin A\cos A \).
2. Using \( a\sin B=b\sin A \): \( =2ab(\sin A\cos B+\cos A\sin B)=2ab\sin C \).
3. Since \( \Delta=\frac12ab\sin C \), the value is 4Δ.

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Question 2: If k is the perimeter of triangle ABC, then \( b\cos^2\frac C2+c\cos^2\frac B2 \) is equal to
(a) k
(b) 2k
(c) \( \frac k2 \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac k2 \)

Explanation:
1. Use \( 2\cos^2\frac C2=1+\cos C \): the expression is \( \frac12[b+c+b\cos C+c\cos B] \).
2. Projection formula \( b\cos C+c\cos B=a \), so the expression is \( \frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac k2 \).

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Question 3: If R denotes the circumradius, then in triangle ABC, \( \frac{b^2-c^2}{2aR} \) is equal to
(a) cos(B − C)
(b) sin(B − C)
(c) cos B − cos C
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) sin(B − C)

Explanation:
1. With \( b=2R\sin B,\ c=2R\sin C,\ a=2R\sin A \): \( \frac{4R^2(\sin^2B-\sin^2C)}{4R^2\sin A} \).
2. Since \( \sin^2B-\sin^2C=\sin(B+C)\sin(B-C) \) and \( \sin(B+C)=\sin A \), the value is \( \sin(B-C) \).

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Question 4: In triangle ABC, \( \cot\frac{A-B}{2}\cdot\tan\frac{A+B}{2} \) is equal to
(a) \( \frac{a+b}{a-b} \)
(b) \( \frac{a-b}{a+b} \)
(c) \( \frac{a(a-b)}{b(a+b)} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac{a+b}{a-b} \)

Explanation:
1. Napier's analogy: \( \tan\frac{A-B}{2}=\frac{a-b}{a+b}\cot\frac C2=\frac{a-b}{a+b}\tan\frac{A+B}{2} \).
2. So \( \cot\frac{A-B}{2}\tan\frac{A+B}{2}=\frac{a+b}{a-b} \).

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Question 5: The equation \( ax^2+bx+c=0 \), where a, b, c are the sides of a triangle ABC, and the equation \( x^2+\sqrt2x+1=0 \) have a common root. The measure of angle C is
(a) 90°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 45°

Explanation:
1. \( x^2+\sqrt2x+1=0 \) has discriminant \( 2-4<0 \), so its roots are non-real conjugates.
2. A common root with a real-coefficient equation means both roots are common, so the equations are proportional: \( a:b:c=1:\sqrt2:1 \).
3. Then \( \cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=\frac{2a^2}{2\sqrt2a^2}=\frac1{\sqrt2} \) and C = 45°.

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Question 6: In a triangle ABC, if \( a^2\cos^2A=b^2+c^2 \), then
(a) \( A<\frac\pi4 \)
(b) \( \frac\pi4<A<\frac\pi2 \)
(c) \( A>\frac\pi2 \)
(d) \( A=\frac\pi2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( A>\frac\pi2 \)

Explanation:
1. Since \( \cos^2A\le1 \), \( b^2+c^2=a^2\cos^2A\le a^2 \) and equality is impossible for a genuine triangle with cos A ≠ ±1.
2. So \( b^2+c^2<a^2 \), which means \( \cos A<0 \) and \( A>\frac\pi2 \).

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Question 7: In a triangle ABC, \( \tan\frac A2 \) and \( \tan\frac B2 \) satisfy \( 6x^2-5x+1=0 \). Then
(a) \( a^2+b^2>c^2 \)
(b) \( a^2-b^2=c^2 \)
(c) \( a^2+b^2=c^2 \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( a^2+b^2=c^2 \)

Explanation:
1. The roots of \( 6x^2-5x+1=0 \) are 1/2 and 1/3.
2. Then \( \tan\frac C2=\cot\frac{A+B}{2}=\frac{1-\tan\frac A2\tan\frac B2}{\tan\frac A2+\tan\frac B2}=\frac{1-\frac16}{\frac56}=1 \).
3. So C/2 = 45°, C = 90° and \( a^2+b^2=c^2 \).

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Question 8: Two sides of a triangle are given by the roots of the equation \( x^2-2\sqrt3x+2=0 \). The angle between the sides is \( \frac\pi3 \). The perimeter of the triangle is
(a) \( 6+\sqrt3 \)
(b) \( 2\sqrt3+\sqrt6 \)
(c) \( 2\sqrt3+\sqrt{10} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 2\sqrt3+\sqrt6 \)

Explanation:
1. \( a+b=2\sqrt3 \) and \( ab=2 \).
2. Cosine rule: \( c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\cos60^\circ=(a+b)^2-2ab-ab=12-6=6 \), so \( c=\sqrt6 \).
3. Perimeter \( =2\sqrt3+\sqrt6 \).

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Question 9: Two sides of a triangle are \( 2\sqrt2 \) cm and \( 2\sqrt3 \) cm and the angle opposite to the shorter side of the two is \( \frac\pi4 \). The largest possible length of the third side is
(a) \( \sqrt2(\sqrt3+1) \) cm
(b) \( (6+\sqrt2) \) cm
(c) \( (\sqrt6-\sqrt2) \) cm
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \sqrt2(\sqrt3+1) \) cm

Explanation:
1. Sine rule: \( \frac{2\sqrt2}{\sin45^\circ}=4 \), so \( \sin B=\frac{2\sqrt3}{4}=\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \) and B = 60° or 120°.
2. Third side \( c=4\sin C \) with C = 75° or 15°: \( \sqrt6+\sqrt2 \) or \( \sqrt6-\sqrt2 \).
3. Largest \( =\sqrt6+\sqrt2=\sqrt2(\sqrt3+1) \).

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Question 10: In a triangle ABC, a = 8, b = 10 and c = 12. Then C is equal to
(a) \( \frac A2 \)
(b) 2A
(c) 3A
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 2A

Explanation:
1. \( \cos A=\frac{100+144-64}{240}=\frac34 \) and \( \cos C=\frac{64+100-144}{160}=\frac18 \).
2. Also \( \cos2A=2\cdot\frac9{16}-1=\frac18 \), so \( \cos C=\cos2A \) and C = 2A (both angles are less than 90° for A, and C is acute).

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Question 11: In a triangle ABC, if \( \tan\frac A2=\frac56 \) and \( \tan\frac B2=\frac{20}{37} \), then
(a) 2a = b + c
(b) a > b > c
(c) 2c = a + b
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a > b > c

Explanation:
1. Use \( \sin A=\frac{2t}{1+t^2} \): \( \sin A=\frac{60}{61}\approx0.984 \) and \( \sin B=\frac{1480}{1769}\approx0.837 \).
2. Also \( \tan\frac C2=\frac{1-\frac56\cdot\frac{20}{37}}{\frac56+\frac{20}{37}}=\frac25 \), so \( \sin C=\frac{20}{29}\approx0.690 \).
3. Sides are proportional to the sines: a > b > c. (2a = b + c fails: 1.97 ≠ 1.53.)

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Question 12: In a triangle ABC, a = 2b and \( |A-B|=\frac\pi3 \). The measure of angle C is
(a) \( \frac\pi4 \)
(b) \( \frac\pi3 \)
(c) \( \frac\pi6 \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac\pi3 \)

Explanation:
1. \( \tan\frac{A-B}{2}=\frac{a-b}{a+b}\cot\frac C2=\frac13\cot\frac C2 \).
2. With \( \frac{A-B}{2}=\frac\pi6 \): \( \frac{1}{\sqrt3}=\frac13\cot\frac C2 \), so \( \cot\frac C2=\sqrt3 \).
3. Hence C/2 = π/6 and C = π/3.

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Question 13: In a triangle ABC, A = 2π/3, b − c = 3√3 cm and area = 9√3/2 cm². Then a is
(a) \( 6\sqrt3 \) cm
(b) 9 cm
(c) 18 cm
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 9 cm

Explanation:
1. Area \( =\frac12bc\sin120^\circ=\frac{\sqrt3}{4}bc=\frac{9\sqrt3}{2} \), so bc = 18.
2. Cosine rule: \( a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos120^\circ=(b-c)^2+3bc=27+54=81 \).
3. So a = 9 cm.

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Question 14: The area of triangle ABC is \( a^2-(b-c)^2 \). Then tan A is equal to
(a) \( \frac43 \)
(b) \( \frac34 \)
(c) \( \frac{8}{15} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{8}{15} \)

Explanation:
1. \( a^2-(b-c)^2=2bc-2bc\cos A \) using the cosine rule.
2. So \( \frac12bc\sin A=2bc(1-\cos A) \), giving \( \sin A=4(1-\cos A) \).
3. Dividing, \( \tan\frac A2=\frac14 \), so \( \tan A=\frac{2\cdot\frac14}{1-\frac1{16}}=\frac{8}{15} \).

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Question 15: In a triangle ABC, B = 90°, AC = h and the length of the perpendicular from B to AC is p such that h = 4p. If AB < BC, then angle C has the measure
(a) \( \frac{5\pi}{12} \)
(b) \( \frac\pi6 \)
(c) \( \frac\pi{12} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac\pi{12} \)

Explanation:
1. AB = h sin C and BC = h cos C, so the area gives \( p\,h=AB\cdot BC=h^2\sin C\cos C \).
2. With p = h/4: \( \sin C\cos C=\frac14 \), so \( \sin2C=\frac12 \).
3. 2C = 30° or 150°. AB < BC means C < 45°, so C = 15° = π/12.

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Question 16: In a triangle ABC, a = 5, b = 4 and \( \tan\frac C2=\sqrt{\frac79} \). The side c is
(a) 6
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 6

Explanation:
1. \( \cos C=\frac{1-\tan^2\frac C2}{1+\tan^2\frac C2}=\frac{1-\frac79}{1+\frac79}=\frac18 \).
2. Cosine rule: \( c^2=25+16-2\cdot5\cdot4\cdot\frac18=36 \), so c = 6.

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Question 17: If in triangle ABC, AC = 12, BC = 13 and AB = 5, then the distance of A from BC is
(a) \( \frac{25}{13} \)
(b) \( \frac{60}{13} \)
(c) \( \frac{65}{12} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac{60}{13} \)

Explanation:
1. \( 5^2+12^2=13^2 \), so the angle at A is a right angle.
2. Area \( =\frac12\cdot5\cdot12=30 \). The distance from A to BC is \( \frac{2\times30}{13}=\frac{60}{13} \).

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Question 18: In a triangle ABC, \( \cos A=\frac35 \) and \( \cos B=\frac5{13} \). The value of cos C is
(a) \( \frac7{13} \)
(b) \( \frac{12}{13} \)
(c) \( \frac{33}{65} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{33}{65} \)

Explanation:
1. \( \sin A=\frac45,\ \sin B=\frac{12}{13} \).
2. Since \( C=\pi-(A+B) \): \( \cos C=-\cos(A+B)=\sin A\sin B-\cos A\cos B=\frac{48}{65}-\frac{15}{65}=\frac{33}{65} \).

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Question 19: In a triangle ABC, \( B=\frac\pi8 \) and \( C=\frac{5\pi}{8} \). The altitude from A to the side BC is
(a) \( \frac a2 \)
(b) 2a
(c) \( \frac12(b+c) \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac a2 \)

Explanation:
1. Then \( A=\frac\pi4 \). Altitude \( h=\frac{a\sin B\sin C}{\sin A} \).
2. Since \( \sin\frac{5\pi}{8}=\cos\frac\pi8 \): \( \sin\frac\pi8\cos\frac\pi8=\frac12\sin\frac\pi4 \).
3. So \( h=a\cdot\frac{\frac12\sin\frac\pi4}{\sin\frac\pi4}=\frac a2 \).

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Question 20: Two angles of a triangle are \( \frac\pi6 \) and \( \frac\pi4 \), and the length of the included side is \( (\sqrt3+1) \) cm. The area of the triangle is
(a) \( \frac{\sqrt3-1}{2} \) cm²
(b) \( \frac{\sqrt3}{2} \) cm²
(c) \( \frac{\sqrt3+1}{2} \) cm²
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{\sqrt3+1}{2} \) cm²

Explanation:
1. The third angle is \( \frac{7\pi}{12} \) (105°). With the side c between A = 30° and B = 45°: \( \text{Area}=\frac{c^2\sin A\sin B}{2\sin C} \).
2. Substituting \( c^2=4+2\sqrt3 \), \( \sin105^\circ=\frac{\sqrt6+\sqrt2}{4} \): \( \frac{(4+2\sqrt3)\cdot\frac12\cdot\frac{\sqrt2}{2}}{2\cdot\frac{\sqrt6+\sqrt2}{4}}=\frac{2+\sqrt3}{\sqrt3+1}=\frac{\sqrt3+1}{2} \).

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Question 21: In a triangle ABC, R = circumradius and r = inradius. The value of \( \frac{a\cos A+b\cos B+c\cos C}{a+b+c} \) is equal to
(a) \( \frac Rr \)
(b) \( \frac{R}{2r} \)
(c) \( \frac rR \)
(d) \( \frac{2r}{R} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac rR \)

Explanation:
1. Numerator \( =R(\sin2A+\sin2B+\sin2C)=4R\sin A\sin B\sin C \) and denominator \( =2R(\sin A+\sin B+\sin C)=8R\cos\frac A2\cos\frac B2\cos\frac C2 \).
2. Ratio \( =\frac{4R\cdot8\sin\frac A2\sin\frac B2\sin\frac C2\cos\frac A2\cos\frac B2\cos\frac C2}{8R\cos\frac A2\cos\frac B2\cos\frac C2}=4\sin\frac A2\sin\frac B2\sin\frac C2=\frac rR \).

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Question 22: In a triangle ABC, 2s is the perimeter and R the circumradius. Then s/R is equal to
(a) sin A + sin B + sin C
(b) cos A + cos B + cos C
(c) \( \sin\frac A2+\sin\frac B2+\sin\frac C2 \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) sin A + sin B + sin C

Explanation:
1. \( a=2R\sin A \) etc., so \( 2s=2R(\sin A+\sin B+\sin C) \).
2. Hence \( \frac sR=\sin A+\sin B+\sin C \).

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Question 23: The ratio of the circumradius and the inradius of an equilateral triangle is
(a) 3 : 1
(b) 1 : 1
(c) \( 2:\sqrt3 \)
(d) 2 : 1
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 2 : 1

Explanation:
1. For side a: \( R=\frac{a}{\sqrt3} \) and \( r=\frac{a}{2\sqrt3} \).
2. So R : r = 2 : 1.

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Question 24: In a triangle ABC, the sides are in the ratio 4 : 5 : 6. The ratio of the circumradius and the inradius is
(a) 8 : 7
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 7 : 3
(d) 16 : 7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 16 : 7

Explanation:
1. Take sides 4, 5, 6: \( s=7.5 \), \( \Delta=\sqrt{7.5\times3.5\times2.5\times1.5}=\frac{15\sqrt7}{4} \).
2. R = \( \frac{abc}{4\Delta}=\frac{120}{15\sqrt7}=\frac{8}{\sqrt7} \) and r = \( \frac\Delta s=\frac{\sqrt7}{2} \).
3. So \( \frac Rr=\frac{16}{7} \).

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Question 25: If α, β, γ are the altitudes of triangle ABC and 2s denotes its perimeter, then \( \alpha^{-1}+\beta^{-1}+\gamma^{-1} \) is equal to
(a) \( \frac s\Delta \)
(b) \( \frac\Delta s \)
(c) \( s\Delta \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac s\Delta \)

Explanation:
1. \( \alpha=\frac{2\Delta}{a} \), so \( \frac1\alpha=\frac{a}{2\Delta} \) and similarly for the others.
2. Sum \( =\frac{a+b+c}{2\Delta}=\frac{2s}{2\Delta}=\frac s\Delta \).

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Practice MCQs for JEE Mathematics Properties and Solution of Triangles

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