JEE Mathematics Ellipse and Hyperbola MCQs Set 03

Practice MCQs for JEE Mathematics Ellipse and Hyperbola

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The centre of the conic \( 14x^2-4xy+11y^2-44x-58y+71=0 \) is
(a) (2, 3)
(b) (2, −3)
(c) (−2, 3)
(d) (−2, −3)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) (2, 3)

Explanation:
1. The centre satisfies both partial derivatives equal to zero: \( 28x-4y-44=0 \) and \( -4x+22y-58=0 \).
2. Solving: x = 2, y = 3.

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Question 2: The eccentricity of the ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{4}+\frac{y^2}{9}=1 \) is
(a) \( \frac{\sqrt5}{2} \)
(b) \( \frac23 \)
(c) \( \frac{\sqrt5}{3} \)
(d) \( \frac49 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \frac{\sqrt5}{3} \)

Explanation:
1. The larger denominator 9 belongs to y, so \( a^2=9,\ b^2=4 \).
2. Eccentricity \( e=\sqrt{1-\frac{b^2}{a^2}}=\sqrt{1-\frac49}=\frac{\sqrt5}{3} \).

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Question 3: The eccentricity of the hyperbola \( x^2-4y^2=16 \) is
(a) 2
(b) \( \frac{\sqrt5}{2} \)
(c) 4
(d) \( \frac{\sqrt3}{2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac{\sqrt5}{2} \)

Explanation:
1. Write as \( \frac{x^2}{16}-\frac{y^2}{4}=1 \).
2. Eccentricity \( e=\sqrt{1+\frac{4}{16}}=\frac{\sqrt5}{2} \).

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Question 4: The eccentricity of the conic \( 4(x^2-y^2)=1 \) is
(a) \( \sqrt2 \)
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) \( \frac14 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \sqrt2 \)

Explanation:
1. It is a rectangular hyperbola: \( \frac{x^2}{1/4}-\frac{y^2}{1/4}=1 \) with a = b.
2. So \( e=\sqrt{1+1}=\sqrt2 \).

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Question 5: The ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1 \) passes through the point (−3, 1) and has eccentricity \( \sqrt{\frac25} \). Then the major axis of the ellipse has length
(a) \( 4\sqrt{\frac25} \)
(b) \( 8\sqrt{\frac23} \)
(c) \( 4\sqrt{\frac23} \)
(d) \( 8\sqrt{\frac25} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 8\sqrt{\frac23} \)

Explanation:
1. \( b^2=a^2(1-e^2)=\frac35a^2 \).
2. Through (−3, 1): \( \frac{9}{a^2}+\frac{5}{3a^2}=1 \), so \( a^2=\frac{32}{3} \).
3. Major axis \( 2a=2\sqrt{\frac{32}{3}}=8\sqrt{\frac23} \).

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Question 6: The hyperbola \( \frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1 \) passes through the point (2, 3) and has eccentricity 2. Then the transverse axis of the hyperbola has length
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 2

Explanation:
1. \( e=2 \) gives \( b^2=a^2(e^2-1)=3a^2 \).
2. Through (2, 3): \( \frac4{a^2}-\frac{9}{3a^2}=1 \), so \( a^2=1 \).
3. Transverse axis \( 2a=2 \).

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Question 7: In the ellipse \( x^2+3y^2=9 \) the distance between the foci is
(a) \( \sqrt6 \)
(b) 3
(c) \( \frac23\sqrt6 \)
(d) \( 2\sqrt6 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( 2\sqrt6 \)

Explanation:
1. \( \frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{3}=1 \): \( c^2=9-3=6 \).
2. Distance between foci \( 2c=2\sqrt6 \).

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Question 8: The minor axis of the ellipse \( 9x^2+5y^2=30y \) is
(a) 6
(b) \( 2\sqrt5 \)
(c) \( \sqrt6 \)
(d) \( \sqrt5 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( 2\sqrt5 \)

Explanation:
1. Complete the square: \( 9x^2+5(y-3)^2=45 \), i.e. \( \frac{x^2}{5}+\frac{(y-3)^2}{9}=1 \).
2. The semi-minor axis is \( \sqrt5 \), so the minor axis is \( 2\sqrt5 \).

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Question 9: The foci of the ellipse \( 25x^2+36y^2=225 \) are
(a) \( \left(\pm\frac12\sqrt{11},0\right) \)
(b) \( \left(\pm\frac52,0\right) \)
(c) \( \left(0,\pm\frac12\sqrt{11}\right) \)
(d) \( \left(0,\pm\frac52\right) \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \left(\pm\frac12\sqrt{11},0\right) \)

Explanation:
1. \( \frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{25/4}=1 \): \( a^2=9,\ b^2=\frac{25}{4} \).
2. Then \( c^2=9-\frac{25}{4}=\frac{11}{4} \), so the foci are \( \left(\pm\frac{\sqrt{11}}{2},0\right) \).

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Question 10: If the eccentricity of the hyperbola \( \frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1 \) is e, then the eccentricity of the hyperbola \( \frac{y^2}{b^2}-\frac{x^2}{a^2}=1 \) is
(a) e
(b) \( \frac{e}{\sqrt{e^2-1}} \)
(c) \( e\sqrt{e^2-1} \)
(d) \( e^2-e \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \frac{e}{\sqrt{e^2-1}} \)

Explanation:
1. For the first, \( b^2=a^2(e^2-1) \).
2. For the conjugate hyperbola \( e'^2=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2}=1+\frac{1}{e^2-1}=\frac{e^2}{e^2-1} \).
3. So \( e'=\frac{e}{\sqrt{e^2-1}} \).

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Question 11: In an ellipse the minor axis equals the distance between the foci and its latus rectum is 10. Then the equation of the ellipse in standard form is
(a) \( \frac{x^2}{10^2}+\frac{y^2}{(5\sqrt2)^2}=1 \)
(b) \( \frac{x^2}{(5\sqrt2)^2}+\frac{y^2}{10^2}=1 \)
(c) \( \frac{x^2}{25}+\frac{y^2}{(5/\sqrt2)^2}=1 \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac{x^2}{10^2}+\frac{y^2}{(5\sqrt2)^2}=1 \)

Explanation:
1. Minor axis = distance between foci: \( 2b=2c \), so b = c and \( a^2=b^2+c^2=2b^2 \).
2. Latus rectum \( \frac{2b^2}{a}=\frac{a^2}{a}=a=10 \), so \( a=10,\ b^2=50 \).
3. Equation \( \frac{x^2}{10^2}+\frac{y^2}{(5\sqrt2)^2}=1 \).

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Question 12: If for a rectangular hyperbola a focus is (1, 2) and the corresponding directrix is x + y = 1, then the equation of the rectangular hyperbola is
(a) x² − y² = 2
(b) xy − y + 2 = 0
(c) xy + y − 2 = 0
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) xy + y − 2 = 0

Explanation:
1. A rectangular hyperbola has \( e=\sqrt2 \). Focus–directrix property: \( (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2=2\cdot\frac{(x+y-1)^2}{2} \).
2. Expand: \( x^2+y^2-2x-4y+5=x^2+y^2+2xy-2x-2y+1 \).
3. So \( -2y+4=2xy \), i.e. \( xy+y-2=0 \).

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Question 13: If two foci of an ellipse are (−2, 0) and (2, 0) and its eccentricity is \( \frac23 \), then the ellipse has the equation
(a) 5x² + 9y² = 45
(b) 9x² + 5y² = 45
(c) 5x² + 9y² = 90
(d) 9x² + 5y² = 90
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 5x² + 9y² = 45

Explanation:
1. c = 2 and \( e=\frac ca=\frac23 \) give a = 3.
2. Then \( b^2=a^2-c^2=9-4=5 \).
3. Equation \( \frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{y^2}{5}=1 \), i.e. 5x² + 9y² = 45.

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Question 14: For a conic section a focus is (−1, 1), the eccentricity is 3 and the equation of the corresponding directrix is x − y + 3 = 0. Then the equation of the conic section is
(a) 7x² − 18xy + 7y² + 50x − 50y + 77 = 0
(b) 7x² + 18xy + 7y² = 1
(c) 7x² + 18xy + 7y² − 50x + 50y + 77 = 0
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 7x² − 18xy + 7y² + 50x − 50y + 77 = 0

Explanation:
1. \( (x+1)^2+(y-1)^2=9\cdot\frac{(x-y+3)^2}{2} \).
2. Multiply by 2: \( 2x^2+4x+2y^2-4y+4=9(x^2+y^2+9-2xy+6x-6y) \).
3. Simplifying: \( 7x^2-18xy+7y^2+50x-50y+77=0 \).

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Question 15: An ellipse having foci at (3, 1) and (1, 1) passes through the point (1, 3). Its eccentricity is
(a) \( \sqrt2-1 \)
(b) \( \sqrt3-1 \)
(c) \( \frac12(\sqrt2-1) \)
(d) \( \frac12(\sqrt3-1) \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \sqrt2-1 \)

Explanation:
1. Distances from (1, 3): to (1, 1) is 2, to (3, 1) is \( 2\sqrt2 \).
2. Sum \( 2a=2+2\sqrt2 \), so \( a=1+\sqrt2 \). Also 2c = 2, so c = 1.
3. Eccentricity \( e=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt2}=\sqrt2-1 \).

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Question 16: A point on the ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{6}+\frac{y^2}{2}=1 \) at a distance 2 from the centre of the ellipse has the eccentric angle
(a) \( \frac\pi4 \)
(b) \( \frac\pi3 \)
(c) \( \frac\pi6 \)
(d) \( \frac\pi2 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \frac\pi4 \)

Explanation:
1. Point \( (\sqrt6\cos\theta,\sqrt2\sin\theta) \) with \( 6\cos^2\theta+2\sin^2\theta=4 \).
2. So \( 2+4\cos^2\theta=4 \), \( \cos^2\theta=\frac12 \) and \( \theta=\frac\pi4 \).

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Question 17: A point P on the ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{25}+\frac{y^2}{9}=1 \) has the eccentric angle \( \frac\pi8 \). The sum of the distances of P from the two foci is
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 10
(d) 3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 10

Explanation:
1. For any point on an ellipse the sum of focal distances is 2a.
2. Here a = 5, so the sum is 10 (independent of the eccentric angle).

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Question 18: The equation of the tangent to the ellipse \( \frac{x^2}{25}+\frac{y^2}{16}=1 \) which is parallel to the line y = 3x is
(a) \( y=3x+\sqrt{241} \)
(b) y = 3x + 13
(c) \( y=3x+\sqrt{209} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( y=3x+\sqrt{241} \)

Explanation:
1. Tangent of slope m: \( y=mx\pm\sqrt{a^2m^2+b^2} \).
2. With m = 3: \( \sqrt{25\cdot9+16}=\sqrt{241} \).
3. So \( y=3x\pm\sqrt{241} \), and option (a) is one of these.

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Question 19: The equation of the tangent to the hyperbola \( x^2-2y^2=18 \) which is perpendicular to the line x − y = 0 is
(a) x + y = 3
(b) \( x+y+2=0 \)
(c) \( x+y=3\sqrt2 \)
(d) \( x+y+3\sqrt2=0 \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) x + y = 3

Explanation:
1. The required slope is −1. The hyperbola is \( \frac{x^2}{18}-\frac{y^2}{9}=1 \).
2. Tangent \( y=mx\pm\sqrt{a^2m^2-b^2}=-x\pm\sqrt{18-9}=-x\pm3 \).
3. So x + y = 3 (or x + y = −3).

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Question 20: If any point on a hyperbola has the coordinates (5 tan φ, 4 sec φ), then the eccentricity of the hyperbola is
(a) \( \frac54 \)
(b) \( \frac{\sqrt{41}}{5} \)
(c) \( \frac{25}{16} \)
(d) \( \frac{\sqrt{41}}{4} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \frac{\sqrt{41}}{4} \)

Explanation:
1. Eliminate φ: \( \frac{y^2}{16}-\frac{x^2}{25}=1 \) (since \( \sec^2\phi-\tan^2\phi=1 \)).
2. The transverse axis is along y: \( a^2=16,\ b^2=25 \).
3. Eccentricity \( e=\sqrt{1+\frac{25}{16}}=\frac{\sqrt{41}}{4} \).

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Ellipse and Hyperbola Objective Questions & Solutions for JEE Mathematics

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