Chemistry Objective Questions and Answers: Salt Analysis
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Multiple Choice Questions
(a) FeCl3 / dilute HCl, when blood red colour appears
(b) FeCl3 / dilute HCl, when blue colour appears
(c) K2Cr2O7 / HCl, when green colour appears
(d) KMnO4 / HCl, when colourless solution is formed
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) FeCl3 / dilute HCl, when blood red colour appears
Explanation:
1. Thiocyanate gives a blood red complex with Fe3+.
2. The other tests do not detect SCN-.
Teacher's Note:
1. SCN- + Fe3+ is blood red.
2. Used to remove nitrite from solutions.
(a) Reacts with Na3AsO4
(b) Exposed to sunlight
(c) Reacts with K2CrO4
(d) Reacts with concentrated HCl
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) Exposed to sunlight
Explanation:
1. AgCl is photosensitive and decomposes in light to give finely divided silver.
2. The other reagents give coloured compounds or dissolve it.
Teacher's Note:
1. Photographic principle.
2. Store AgCl in the dark.
(a) Lead salt
(b) Silver salt
(c) Mercurous salt
(d) Copper salt
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Mercurous salt
Explanation:
1. Mercurous salts give a black deposit (Hg + amido compound) with ammonia and green Hg2I2 with KI.
2. Pb, Ag and Cu salts do not match.
Teacher's Note:
1. Green Hg2I2 is characteristic.
2. Black with NH3 means mercurous.
(a) KCN solution
(b) Sodium sulphide solution
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Boiling dilute (M) sulphuric acid
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) KCN solution
Explanation:
1. CuS dissolves in KCN forming the colourless complex [Cu(CN)4]3-.
2. It does not dissolve in alkali, sulphide or dilute acid.
Teacher's Note:
1. KCN separates Cu from Cd.
2. Cd stays as CdS.
(a) Ni
(b) Fe
(c) Cu
(d) Mn
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Cu
Explanation:
1. Copper forms red opaque cuprous metaborate or copper metal in the reducing flame.
2. The other metals give grey, green or colourless beads.
Teacher's Note:
1. Cu: blue in oxidising, red in reducing flame.
2. Colour in cold bead is noted.
(a) \( \ce{Ca^{2+}} \)
(b) \( \ce{Al^{3+}} \)
(c) \( \ce{Mg^{2+}} \)
(d) \( \ce{Zn^{2+}} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) \( \ce{Al^{3+}} \)
Explanation:
1. Al(OH)3 has a very low Ksp and precipitates even in the NH4Cl buffer.
2. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ do not.
Teacher's Note:
1. Group III reagent.
2. NH4Cl lowers [OH-].
(a) Decrease the concentration of OH- ions
(b) Prevent interference by phosphate ions
(c) Increase the concentration of Cl- ions
(d) Increase the concentration of NH4+ ions
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Decrease the concentration of OH- ions
Explanation:
1. NH4+ from NH4Cl suppresses ionisation of NH4OH and lowers [OH-].
2. This prevents the precipitation of group IV hydroxides.
Teacher's Note:
1. Common ion effect.
2. Only group III hydroxides precipitate.
(a) \( \ce{Zn^{2+}} \)
(b) \( \ce{Mg^{2+}} \)
(c) \( \ce{Sn^{2+}} \)
(d) \( \ce{Al^{3+}} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) \( \ce{Al^{3+}} \)
Explanation:
1. Al2O3 forms blue CoAl2O4 (Thenard's blue).
2. Zn gives green, Mg pink and Sn bluish green.
Teacher's Note:
1. Thenard's blue for Al.
2. Rinmann's green for Zn.
(a) AgCl(s) + Na3AsO3 gives a colourless solution
(b) FeCl3(aq) + K4[Fe(CN)6] gives a brown precipitate
(c) FeCl3(aq) + K3[Fe(CN)6] gives a brown colouration
(d) CuSO4(aq) + KCN (excess) gives a blue colouration
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) FeCl3(aq) + K3[Fe(CN)6] gives a brown colouration
Explanation:
1. Fe3+ with ferricyanide gives only a brown colouration.
2. The other statements are wrong: AgCl turns yellow, ferrocyanide gives a blue precipitate and excess KCN gives a colourless complex.
Teacher's Note:
1. Ferrocyanide + Fe3+ gives Prussian blue.
2. Ferricyanide + Fe3+ gives brown.
(a) NaFe[Fe(CN)6] is produced
(b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 is formed
(c) Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 is formed
(d) Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] is formed
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] is formed
Explanation:
1. Nitric acid oxidises ferrocyanide and forms nitroprusside Na2[Fe(CN)5NO] in the case of sodium ferrocyanide.
2. The coloured ferric/ferrous ferrocyanides need added iron salt.
Teacher's Note:
1. Nitroprusside is used to detect sulphide.
2. It gives violet with S2-.
(a) Ferro ferricyanide
(b) Ferric ferrocyanide
(c) Ferric ferricyanide
(d) None of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (d) None of these
Explanation:
1. Without air Fe2+ is not oxidised and the product is white K2Fe[Fe(CN)6], which is none of the three listed.
2. It turns blue in air.
Teacher's Note:
1. Product is a white mixed salt.
2. It oxidises to Prussian blue.
(a) Iron(III) ions react with H2S in acidic solution to give a black precipitate of Fe2S3
(b) Iron(III) ions react with ammonium sulphide to give a black precipitate of Fe2S3
(c) Iron(III) ions react with ammonium thiocyanate solution to produce a deep red colouration
(d) All of these
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) Iron(III) ions react with ammonium thiocyanate solution to produce a deep red colouration
Explanation:
1. Fe3+ and SCN- give a deep red colour.
2. In acid H2S only reduces Fe3+ to Fe2+ with S, and ammonium sulphide gives black FeS plus sulphur.
Teacher's Note:
1. H2S is a reducing agent.
2. Group III precipitate is FeS.
(a) \( \ce{Cr^{3+}} \)
(b) \( \ce{Mn^{2+}} \)
(c) \( \ce{Co^{2+}} \)
(d) \( \ce{Ni^{2+}} \)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) \( \ce{Cr^{3+}} \)
Explanation:
1. Chromium gives a green bead of chromium metaborate.
2. Mn gives violet, Co blue and Ni brown.
Teacher's Note:
1. Cr: green in both flames.
2. Co: blue in both.
(a) \( \ce{Zn^{2+}} \)
(b) \( \ce{Ni^{2+}} \)
(c) \( \ce{Fe^{2+}} \)
(d) Both (A) and (C)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) \( \ce{Zn^{2+}} \)
Explanation:
1. Zn2+ gives no coloured complex with DMG.
2. Ni2+ gives a red precipitate and Fe2+ gives a red solution.
Teacher's Note:
1. Brunner test.
2. Cobalt gives a brown colour.
(a) Only Al(OH)3 will be precipitated
(b) Only Zn(OH)2 will be precipitated
(c) Both will be precipitated
(d) No precipitate will appear
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) Only Al(OH)3 will be precipitated
Explanation:
1. Zn(OH)2 dissolves in excess ammonia as [Zn(NH3)4]2+.
2. Al(OH)3 remains as a precipitate.
Teacher's Note:
1. Zn forms an ammine, Al does not.
2. Excess NaOH would dissolve both.
(a) CaCO3 is soluble in Na2CO3
(b) Na2CO3 increases the solubility of group V carbonates
(c) MgCO3 will be precipitated out in group V
(d) None
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Answer: (c) MgCO3 will be precipitated out in group V
Explanation:
1. With Na2CO3 the carbonate concentration is high enough to precipitate MgCO3 as well, which should stay for group VI.
2. (NH4)2CO3 lowers [CO3 2-] by hydrolysis.
Teacher's Note:
1. Mg2+ must remain in solution.
2. Controlled [CO3 2-] is needed.
(A) Dilute H2SO4
(B) Acidified KMnO4 solution
(C) Sodium nitroprusside solution
(D) Cadmium acetate solution
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (C), (D)
(c) (A), (B), (D)
(d) (A), (B), (C)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
Explanation:
1. Sulphide evolves H2S with dilute acid, decolourises acidified KMnO4, gives violet colour with nitroprusside and yellow CdS with cadmium acetate.
2. Sulphate does none of these.
Teacher's Note:
1. All four tests detect sulphide.
2. Sulphate is inert to them.
(A) Br-
(B) NO3-
(C) SO3 2-
(D) I-
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (D)
(b) (A), (B), (C)
(c) (A), (B)
(d) (A) only
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Answer: (c) (A), (B)
Explanation:
1. Bromide gives Br2 and nitrate gives NO2, both reddish brown.
2. Sulphite gives colourless SO2 and iodide gives violet I2 vapour.
Teacher's Note:
1. Br2 and NO2 are brown.
2. Iodine vapour is violet.
(A) PO4 3-
(B) Mg2+
(C) AsO4 3-
(D) CH3COO-
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (B), (C)
(c) (A), (C)
(d) (A) only
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) (A), (C)
Explanation:
1. Phosphate and arsenate give yellow ammonium phosphomolybdate and arsenomolybdate on warming with HNO3.
2. Mg2+ and acetate are not detected this way.
Teacher's Note:
1. Yellow crystalline precipitate.
2. Needs conc. HNO3.
(A) Ag+ ions do not give a white precipitate with excess of concentrated HCl
(B) Cu2+ ions produce a white precipitate when KCN solution is added in a small quantity
(C) Hg2+ ions give a deep blue precipitate with cobalt acetate and ammonium thiocyanate
(D) The black precipitate of BiI3 turns orange when heated with water
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (C), (D)
(c) (A), (B), (D)
(d) (A), (B), (C)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
Explanation:
1. Concentrated HCl dissolves AgCl as [AgCl2]-, and a little KCN reduces Cu(II) to white CuCN.
2. Hg2+ forms blue Co[Hg(SCN)4], and BiI3 hydrolyses to orange BiOI.
3. All four statements are true.
Teacher's Note:
1. Each statement is a known confirmatory test.
2. Hydrolysis of BiI3 gives BiOI.
(A) Cu2+
(B) Sb3+
(C) Pb2+
(D) Bi3+
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (C), (D)
(c) (A), (D)
(d) (A), (C)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) (A), (C), (D)
Explanation:
1. CuS, PbS and Bi2S3 are black.
2. Sb2S3 is orange.
Teacher's Note:
1. Antimony sulphide is orange.
2. Cd gives yellow.
(A) AgCl
(B) AgBr
(C) Ag2CrO4
(D) Ag
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (B), (C)
(c) (A), (C)
(d) (A), (B)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) (A), (B), (C)
Explanation:
1. AgCl, AgBr (concentrated NH3) and Ag2CrO4 dissolve as [Ag(NH3)2]+.
2. Metallic silver does not dissolve.
Teacher's Note:
1. Silver halide solubility in NH3: AgCl > AgBr > AgI.
2. Metal needs an oxidiser.
(A) Fe3+ gives a red precipitate with dimethylglyoxime in alkaline solution
(B) Cu2+ with potassium iodide gives a dirty brownish white precipitate that turns white on adding hypo solution
(C) A filter paper soaked in mercurous nitrate turns black in contact with ammonia gas
(D) Ag2O does not dissolve in nitric acid and ammonia solution
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (B), (D)
(c) (A), (D)
(d) (A) only
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (c) (A), (D)
Explanation:
1. (A) is false because only Ni2+ and Fe2+ react with DMG, not Fe3+.
2. (D) is false because Ag2O dissolves in both HNO3 and NH3.
3. (B) and (C) are true.
Teacher's Note:
1. Ag2O is basic and forms an ammine.
2. Hypo removes iodine.
(A) It gives a brown precipitate with Cu2+ ions
(B) It gives a white precipitate of mixed salt with Ca2+ ions
(C) In excess it gives a bluish white or white precipitate with Zn2+
(D) It develops a deep red colouration with Fe3+
Choose the option listing ALL correct statements.
(a) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(b) (A), (B), (C)
(c) (A), (C)
(d) (A), (B)
Show Answer & Explanation
Answer: (b) (A), (B), (C)
Explanation:
1. Cu2Fe(CN)6 is chocolate brown, the calcium mixed salt is white and zinc ferrocyanide is bluish white.
2. Fe3+ gives Prussian blue, not red.
Teacher's Note:
1. Red colour with Fe3+ is for thiocyanate.
2. Ferrocyanide + Fe3+ is blue.
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Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Salt Analysis
JEE Chemistry Salt Analysis Objective Test Questions
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FAQs
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