JEE Chemistry Qualitative Salt Analysis MCQs Set 08

Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Qualitative Salt Analysis

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Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Qualitative Salt Analysis below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official JEE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Identify the compound which turns black with ammonia solution.
(a) silver chloride
(b) lead chloride
(c) mercuric chloride
(d) mercurous chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) mercurous chloride

Explanation:
1. Hg2Cl2 + 2NH3 gives Hg(NH2)Cl + Hg + NH4Cl
2. Finely divided mercury makes the residue black

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 2: A white crystalline substance dissolves in water. H2S gives a black precipitate that dissolves completely in hot HNO3. A few drops of conc. H2SO4 then give a white precipitate soluble in ammonium acetate. The white precipitate is:
(a) BaSO4
(b) SrSO4
(c) Ag2SO4
(d) PbSO4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) PbSO4

Explanation:
1. Black sulphide in dilute acid (group II) that dissolves in hot HNO3 and gives a sulphate soluble in ammonium acetate points to Pb2+
2. PbSO4 dissolves in ammonium acetate as the acetate complex

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 3: The composition of golden spangles is:
(a) PbI2
(b) BaCrO4
(c) As2S3
(d) PbCrO4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) PbI2

Explanation:
1. Hot solutions of PbI2 crystallise on cooling as shiny golden-yellow plates called golden spangles

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 4: In which of the following solvents will AgBr have the highest solubility?
(a) pure water
(b) 10^-3 M NaBr
(c) 10^-3 M NH4OH
(d) 10^-3 M HBr
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 10^-3 M NH4OH

Explanation:
1. Ammonia forms the soluble complex [Ag(NH3)2]+ with Ag+, pulling AgBr into solution
2. The bromide in NaBr and HBr suppresses the solubility by the common ion effect

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 5: Which pair of ions cannot be separated by passing H2S in the presence of dilute hydrochloric acid?
(a) Cd2+ and Sn2+
(b) Ni2+ and Bi3+
(c) Zn2+ and Cu2+
(d) Al3+ and Hg2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Cd2+ and Sn2+

Explanation:
1. In dilute HCl the group II sulphides (CuS, HgS, Bi2S3, CdS, SnS) precipitate
2. Both Cd2+ and Sn2+ are in group II, so they precipitate together, whereas Al3+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ stay in solution

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 6: CuSO4 reacts with NH4OH to give a deep blue complex of:
(a) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4
(b) [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
(c) both of these
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) [Cu(NH3)4]SO4

Explanation:
1. Cu2+ with excess ammonia forms the tetraammine complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+
2. The sulphate stays as the counter ion, so the complex salt is [Cu(NH3)4]SO4

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 7: Which ions on reaction with NaOH and subsequent heating produce a black precipitate?
(a) Al3+
(b) Cu2+
(c) Zn2+
(d) Pb2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cu2+

Explanation:
1. Cu2+ gives blue Cu(OH)2, which on heating loses water to give black CuO
2. Zn(OH)2, Al(OH)3 and Pb(OH)2 give white solids

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 8: CrO4 2- + H+ + H2O2 (in the presence of ether) forms X. Which statement about X is correct?
(a) it is Cr2O3, a green pigment
(b) it is the acid anhydride of chromic acid
(c) it is chromium peroxide, giving a blue colour in the ether layer
(d) it is a red compound extracted into ether
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) it is chromium peroxide, giving a blue colour in the ether layer

Explanation:
1. X is CrO5 (chromium peroxide)
2. It is extracted into ether to give a blue layer, which is the chromium confirmatory test

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 9: White Mn(OH)2 on heating with PbO2 and concentrated HNO3 gives a red-violet colour due to formation of:
(a) Mn2O7
(b) HMnO4
(c) MnO(OH)2
(d) PbMnO4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) HMnO4

Explanation:
1. PbO2 oxidises Mn2+ to permanganate in hot conc. HNO3
2. The purple colour is HMnO4 (MnO4-)

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 10: Zn(OH)2 precipitate is soluble in:
(a) excess sodium hydroxide
(b) excess ammonia solution
(c) solutions of ammonium salts
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) all of these

Explanation:
1. Zn(OH)2 is amphoteric and dissolves in excess NaOH as [Zn(OH)4]2-
2. In excess NH3 and in ammonium salts it forms [Zn(NH3)4]2+

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 11: A mixture of two salts is insoluble in water but dissolves completely in dilute HCl to give a colourless solution. The mixture could be:
(a) BaCO3 and ZnS
(b) FeSO4 and Na2CO3
(c) Mn(NO3)2 and MgSO4
(d) AgNO3 and KBr
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) BaCO3 and ZnS

Explanation:
1. BaCO3 and ZnS are insoluble in water but dissolve in dilute HCl, giving BaCl2 and ZnCl2 with CO2 and H2S
2. AgNO3 + KBr gives AgBr (insoluble in HCl); the Fe(II) salts are green; the Mn and Mg salts are water-soluble

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 12: The reagents NH4Cl and aqueous NH3 will precipitate:
(a) Zn2+
(b) Al3+
(c) Ca2+
(d) Mg2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Al3+

Explanation:
1. NH4Cl lowers [OH-] so that only the least soluble hydroxides (Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+) precipitate
2. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ stay in solution

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 13: In the precipitation of the iron group in qualitative analysis, ammonium chloride is added before ammonium hydroxide to:
(a) decrease the concentration of OH- ions
(b) prevent interference by phosphate ions
(c) increase the concentration of Cl- ions
(d) make the solution acidic
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) decrease the concentration of OH- ions

Explanation:
1. The common ion NH4+ suppresses the ionisation of NH4OH
2. The low [OH-] precipitates only group III hydroxides and prevents Mg(OH)2 and others from precipitating

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 14: Which reagent gives a deep red colouration with Fe3+ ions?
(a) ammonium thiocyanate
(b) dimethylglyoxime
(c) K4[Fe(CN)6]
(d) potassium chromate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ammonium thiocyanate

Explanation:
1. Fe3+ + SCN- gives the blood red complex [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]2+
2. K4[Fe(CN)6] gives Prussian blue and the other two do not react

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 15: Which of the following cations does not give a red precipitate or solution with dimethylglyoxime in alkaline solution?
(a) Fe2+
(b) Zn2+
(c) none of them
(d) Ni2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Zn2+

Explanation:
1. Ni2+ gives the rosy red precipitate of Ni(dmg)2 and Fe2+ gives a red colouration
2. Zn2+ gives no reaction

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 16: A suspension of ZnS, MnS, HgS, Ag2S and FeS is treated with 2 N HCl. The filtrate contains appreciable amounts of:
(a) manganese and mercury
(b) silver and iron
(c) zinc, manganese and iron
(d) zinc and mercury
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) zinc, manganese and iron

Explanation:
1. ZnS, MnS and FeS (group IV sulphides) dissolve in dilute HCl
2. HgS and Ag2S have much smaller solubility products and remain undissolved

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 17: Potassium chromate K2CrO4 is NOT used to identify:
(a) Pb2+
(b) Ag+
(c) Ca2+
(d) Ba2+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Ca2+

Explanation:
1. Pb2+ gives yellow PbCrO4, Ba2+ gives yellow BaCrO4 and Ag+ gives brick red Ag2CrO4
2. CaCrO4 is soluble, so Ca2+ gives no precipitate

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 18: H2S gas is passed through an aqueous solution of CuCl2, HgCl2, BiCl3 and CaCl2 containing HCl. Which one is not precipitated?
(a) CuS
(b) CaS
(c) HgS
(d) Bi2S3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CaS

Explanation:
1. Group II sulphides (CuS, HgS, Bi2S3) have low solubility products and precipitate in acid
2. Ca2+ is a group V ion and is not precipitated by H2S

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 19: AgI dissolves in NaCN solution due to the formation of:
(a) Na[Ag(CN)2]
(b) Ag(CN)2
(c) Na2[Ag(CN)2]
(d) Na2[Ag(CN)3]
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Na[Ag(CN)2]

Explanation:
1. Ag+ is held as the very stable linear complex [Ag(CN)2]-
2. The overall charge needs only one Na+

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 20: Cu2+ and Ag+ are both present in the same solution. To precipitate only one of the ions, which reagent should be added?
(a) HNO3 (aq)
(b) H2S (aq)
(c) NH4NO3 (aq)
(d) HCl (aq)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) HCl (aq)

Explanation:
1. HCl precipitates Ag+ as white AgCl while CuCl2 stays soluble
2. H2S would precipitate both as sulphides

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 21: Aqueous (A) + K2CrO4 gives (B), a red precipitate, which dissolves in aqueous NH3 to give (C). A is:
(a) Pb(NO3)2
(b) AgNO3
(c) Ca(NO3)2
(d) Hg2(NO3)2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) AgNO3

Explanation:
1. Ag+ with chromate gives brick red Ag2CrO4, which dissolves in ammonia as [Ag(NH3)2]+
2. PbCrO4 is yellow and insoluble in ammonia

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 22: The ion most difficult to remove as a precipitate is:
(a) NH4+
(b) Ag+
(c) Cu2+
(d) Fe3+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) NH4+

Explanation:
1. Ag+ (chloride), Fe3+ (hydroxide) and Cu2+ (sulphide) all precipitate readily
2. Most ammonium salts are soluble, so NH4+ is not precipitated by common group reagents

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 23: Thenard's blue is:
(a) Cu(NH3)4SO4
(b) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
(c) K2Fe[Fe(CN)6]
(d) CoAl2O4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CoAl2O4

Explanation:
1. Heating a cobalt salt with Al2O3 gives the blue spinel CoAl2O4 (cobalt aluminate), Thenard's blue

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 24: Among the species A (CrCl3), B (CuS), C (AlCl3) and D (ZnCl2), which will be soluble in excess of NaOH?
(a) C and D only
(b) A and D only
(c) A, C and D
(d) B and C only
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) A, C and D

Explanation:
1. Cr(OH)3, Al(OH)3 and Zn(OH)2 are amphoteric and dissolve in excess NaOH as chromite, aluminate and zincate
2. CuS is unaffected

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

Question 25: Which of the following is not precipitated as sulphide by passing H2S in the presence of dilute HCl?
(a) copper
(b) arsenic
(c) cadmium
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) none of these

Explanation:
1. Cu2+ (CuS), As3+ (As2S3) and Cd2+ (CdS) are all group II ions and precipitate in acid
2. So every listed ion is precipitated

Teacher's Note:
1. Recall the characteristic colour or solubility from the group tests.

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Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Qualitative Salt Analysis

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