JEE Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry MCQs Set 03

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for JEE Chemistry: Nuclear Chemistry

Explore reliable objective questions for Nuclear Chemistry tailored for JEE learners. Utilizing these Chemistry multiple-choice formats ensures thorough preparation and strengthens problem-solving speed for upcoming school assessments.

Practice Nuclear Chemistry MCQs for JEE Chemistry

View or download the dedicated Nuclear Chemistry MCQ resource below. Practicing these 50 objective questions regularly builds familiarity with standard exam patterns and helps secure higher marks in final Chemistry evaluations.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: The radionuclide \( {}^{234}_{90}\mathrm{Th} \) undergoes two successive \( \beta \)-decays followed by one \( \alpha \)-decay. The atomic number and the mass number of the resulting radionuclide are respectively
(a) 92 and 234
(b) 94 and 230
(c) 90 and 230
(d) 92 and 230
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 90 and 230

Explanation:
1. Each \( \beta \)-decay raises Z by 1 without changing A: Z = 90 + 2 = 92, A = 234.
2. The \( \alpha \)-decay lowers Z by 2 and A by 4: Z = 90, A = 230.

Teacher's Note:
1. Alpha: A - 4, Z - 2. Beta: A unchanged, Z + 1.

Question 2: In the nuclear reaction \( {}^{238}_{92}\mathrm{U} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{206}_{82}\mathrm{Pb} \) + x \( {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} \) + y \( {}^{0}_{-1}\mathrm{e} \), the values of x and y are respectively
(a) 8, 6
(b) 6, 4
(c) 6, 8
(d) 8, 10
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 8, 6

Explanation:
1. Mass: 238 - 206 = 32 = 4x, so x = 8.
2. Charge: 92 = 82 + 2x + (-y) = 82 + 16 - y, so y = 6.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 3: In the nuclear reaction \( {}^{24}_{12}\mathrm{Mg} \) + \( {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \) + ?, the product nucleus is
(a) \( {}^{27}_{13}\mathrm{Al} \)
(b) \( {}^{27}_{14}\mathrm{Si} \)
(c) \( {}^{28}_{13}\mathrm{Al} \)
(d) \( {}^{25}_{12}\mathrm{Mg} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( {}^{27}_{14}\mathrm{Si} \)

Explanation:
1. Mass number: 24 + 4 - 1 = 27.
2. Atomic number: 12 + 2 - 0 = 14, which is silicon.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 4: In the reaction \( {}^{64}_{29}\mathrm{Cu} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{64}_{28}\mathrm{Ni} \) + x, the particle x is
(a) a proton
(b) an electron
(c) a neutron
(d) a positron
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) a positron

Explanation:
1. Mass number is unchanged and Z decreases by 1.
2. Emission of a positron (\( {}^{0}_{1}\mathrm{e} \)) lowers Z by 1: it is positron emission (or electron capture).

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 5: In the nuclear reaction \( {}^{9}_{4}\mathrm{Be} \)(\( p,\alpha \))X, the nucleus X is
(a) \( {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} \)
(b) \( {}^{6}_{3}\mathrm{Li} \)
(c) \( {}^{7}_{3}\mathrm{Li} \)
(d) \( {}^{8}_{4}\mathrm{Be} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( {}^{6}_{3}\mathrm{Li} \)

Explanation:
1. Mass: 9 + 1 - 4 = 6.
2. Charge: 4 + 1 - 2 = 3, so X is lithium-6.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 6: Which of the following does not contain a number of neutrons equal to that of \( {}^{40}_{18}\mathrm{Ar} \)?
(a) \( {}^{41}_{19}\mathrm{K} \)
(b) \( {}^{43}_{21}\mathrm{Sc} \)
(c) \( {}^{42}_{21}\mathrm{Sc} \)
(d) \( {}^{42}_{20}\mathrm{Ca} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( {}^{42}_{21}\mathrm{Sc} \)

Explanation:
1. Ar-40 has 40 - 18 = 22 neutrons.
2. K-41: 22; Sc-43: 22; Ca-42: 22; Sc-42: 21.
3. So Sc-42 has a different number.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 7: The number of neutrons in the nucleus of \( {}^{226}_{88}\mathrm{Ra} \) is
(a) 88
(b) 226
(c) 140
(d) 138
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 138

Explanation:
1. Neutrons = A - Z = 226 - 88 = 138.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 8: Which of the following nuclides has the magic number of both protons and neutrons?
(a) \( {}^{115}_{50}\mathrm{Sn} \)
(b) \( {}^{206}_{82}\mathrm{Pb} \)
(c) \( {}^{208}_{82}\mathrm{Pb} \)
(d) \( {}^{118}_{50}\mathrm{Sn} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( {}^{208}_{82}\mathrm{Pb} \)

Explanation:
1. Magic numbers include 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126.
2. Pb-208 has 82 protons and 126 neutrons, so it is doubly magic.
3. Pb-206 has 124 neutrons and the Sn nuclides have 65 and 68 neutrons.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 9: The atomic mass of lead is 208 and its atomic number is 82. The atomic mass of bismuth is 209 and its atomic number is 83. The ratio n/p is
(a) higher for lead
(b) higher for bismuth
(c) the same
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) higher for lead

Explanation:
1. Lead: n/p = 126/82 = 1.537.
2. Bismuth: n/p = 126/83 = 1.518.
3. Lead has the higher ratio.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 10: Which of the following is an (n, p) reaction?
(a) \( {}^{13}_{5}\mathrm{C} \) + \( {}^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{14}_{6}\mathrm{C} \)
(b) \( {}^{14}_{7}\mathrm{N} \) + \( {}^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{15}_{8}\mathrm{O} \)
(c) \( {}^{27}_{13}\mathrm{Al} \) + \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{27}_{12}\mathrm{Mg} \) + \( {}^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)
(d) \( {}^{235}_{92}\mathrm{U} \) + \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{140}_{54}\mathrm{Xe} \) + \( {}^{93}_{38}\mathrm{Sr} \) + 3\( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( {}^{27}_{13}\mathrm{Al} \) + \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{27}_{12}\mathrm{Mg} \) + \( {}^{1}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)

Explanation:
1. An (n, p) reaction absorbs a neutron and emits a proton.
2. Only Al-27 + n gives Mg-27 + H-1.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 11: Deuterons bombarded on a nuclide produce \( {}^{38}_{18}\mathrm{Ar} \) and neutrons. The target is
(a) \( {}^{35}_{17}\mathrm{Cl} \)
(b) \( {}^{27}_{19}\mathrm{K} \)
(c) \( {}^{37}_{17}\mathrm{Cl} \)
(d) \( {}^{39}_{19}\mathrm{K} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( {}^{37}_{17}\mathrm{Cl} \)

Explanation:
1. Target + \( {}^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{38}_{18}\mathrm{Ar} \) + \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \).
2. Mass: A + 2 = 38 + 1 gives A = 37; charge: Z + 1 = 18 gives Z = 17.
3. The target is Cl-37.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 12: The reaction \( {}^{8}_{5}\mathrm{B} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{8}_{4}\mathrm{Be} \) + \( {}^{0}_{1}\mathrm{e} \) is due to
(a) loss of \( \alpha \)-particle
(b) loss of \( \beta \)-particle
(c) loss of a positron
(d) loss of an electron
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) loss of a positron

Explanation:
1. The atomic number falls by one and the mass number is unchanged.
2. The particle emitted has charge +1 and negligible mass: a positron.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 13: Calculate the mass defect in the reaction \( {}^{2}_{1}\mathrm{H} \) + \( {}^{3}_{1}\mathrm{H} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{4}_{2}\mathrm{He} \) + \( {}^{1}_{0}\mathrm{n} \) (masses: H-2 = 2.014, H-3 = 3.016, He = 4.004, n = 1.008 amu).
(a) 0.018 amu
(b) 0.18 amu
(c) 0.0018 amu
(d) 1.8 amu
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 0.018 amu

Explanation:
1. Mass of reactants = 2.014 + 3.016 = 5.030 amu.
2. Mass of products = 4.004 + 1.008 = 5.012 amu.
3. Mass defect = 0.018 amu.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 14: A nuclear reaction is accompanied by a loss of mass equivalent to 0.01864 amu. The energy liberated is nearly
(a) 931 MeV
(b) 186.6 MeV
(c) 17.36 MeV
(d) 460 MeV
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 17.36 MeV

Explanation:
1. 1 amu = 931.5 MeV.
2. Energy = 0.01864 \( \times \) 931.5 = 17.36 MeV.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 15: Group displacement law states that on emission of an \( \alpha \)-particle and a \( \beta \)-particle the daughter element moves in the periodic table respectively by
(a) 2 groups to the right, 1 group to the right
(b) 2 groups to the right, 1 group to the left
(c) 2 groups to the left, 1 group to the left
(d) 2 groups to the left, 1 group to the right
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 2 groups to the left, 1 group to the right

Explanation:
1. An \( \alpha \)-emission lowers Z by 2, shifting the element 2 places to the left.
2. A \( \beta \)-emission raises Z by 1, shifting it 1 place to the right.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 16: 238U emits 8 \( \alpha \)-particles and 6 \( \beta \)-particles. The neutron/proton ratio in the product nucleus is
(a) 60/41
(b) 61/40
(c) 62/41
(d) 61/42
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 62/41

Explanation:
1. Z = 92 - 16 + 6 = 82; A = 238 - 32 = 206.
2. Neutrons = 206 - 82 = 124.
3. n/p = 124/82 = 62/41.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 17: An element with atomic number 84 and mass number 218 changes to an element with atomic number 84 and mass number 214. The numbers of \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \)-particles emitted are respectively
(a) 1, 3
(b) 1, 4
(c) 1, 2
(d) 1, 5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 1, 2

Explanation:
1. Mass change 4 means one \( \alpha \)-particle, which lowers Z by 2.
2. To restore Z = 84 two \( \beta \)-particles are needed.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 18: A radium isotope \( {}^{224}_{88}\mathrm{Ra} \) emits an \( \alpha \)-particle. The mass number and atomic number of the new element are
(a) 220 and 86
(b) 225 and 87
(c) 228 and 88
(d) 224 and 86
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 220 and 86

Explanation:
1. A = 224 - 4 = 220 and Z = 88 - 2 = 86 (radon).

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 19: \( {}^{231}_{89}\mathrm{Ac} \) gives \( {}^{207}_{82}\mathrm{Pb} \) after the emission of some \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \)-particles. Their numbers are respectively
(a) 5, 6
(b) 6, 5
(c) 7, 5
(d) 5, 7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 6, 5

Explanation:
1. Alpha: (231 - 207)/4 = 6.
2. Z after 6 alphas = 89 - 12 = 77; to reach 82 we need 5 \( \beta \)-emissions.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 20: The numbers of \( \alpha \) and \( \beta \)-particles emitted in the nuclear reaction \( {}^{228}_{90}\mathrm{Th} \)\( \to \) \( {}^{212}_{83}\mathrm{Bi} \) are respectively
(a) 4, 1
(b) 3, 7
(c) 8, 1
(d) 4, 7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 4, 1

Explanation:
1. Alpha: (228 - 212)/4 = 4, giving Z = 90 - 8 = 82.
2. Z must reach 83, so one \( \beta \)-particle is emitted.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 21: The parent nucleus which gives N-14 on \( \beta \)-emission has how many neutrons, and what is it?
(a) 8, C-14
(b) 6, C-12
(c) 4, C-13
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 8, C-14

Explanation:
1. Beta emission raises Z by 1 with no change in A, so the parent has A = 14, Z = 6, i.e. C-14.
2. Neutrons = 14 - 6 = 8.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 22: After the emission of an \( \alpha \)-particle from \( {}^{238}_{92}\mathrm{X} \), the number of neutrons in the atom will be
(a) 138
(b) 140
(c) 144
(d) 150
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 144

Explanation:
1. After alpha emission: A = 234, Z = 90.
2. Neutrons = 234 - 90 = 144.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 23: The half-life period of a radioactive substance is 8 years. After 16 years, the mass of the substance will reduce from 16.0 g to
(a) 8.0 g
(b) 6.0 g
(c) 4.0 g
(d) 2.0 g
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 4.0 g

Explanation:
1. 16 years = 2 half-lives.
2. Mass = 16/4 = 4.0 g.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 24: The half-life period of a metal is 20 days. The fraction of the metal remaining after 80 days is
(a) 1
(b) 1/16
(c) 1/4
(d) 1/8
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 1/16

Explanation:
1. 80 days = 4 half-lives.
2. Fraction = (1/2)^4 = 1/16.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

Question 25: 1.0 g of a radioactive isotope was found to reduce to 125 mg after 24 hours. The half-life of the isotope is
(a) 8 hours
(b) 24 hours
(c) 6 hours
(d) 4 hours
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 8 hours

Explanation:
1. 125 mg is 1/8 of 1 g, i.e. three half-lives.
2. t1/2 = 24/3 = 8 hours.

Teacher's Note:
1. Identify the key concept in the question first, then apply the standard relation step by step.
2. Check units and the number of significant figures before choosing the option.

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