JEE Chemistry General Principles And Processes Of Isolation Of Elements MCQs Set 16

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: In Mond's process, Ni reacts with CO at temperature T1 to form \( \ce{Ni(CO)4} \), which decomposes at T2. T1 and T2 are
(a) 50 C, 100 C
(b) 50 C, 200 C
(c) 200 C, 50 C
(d) 100 C, 50 C
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 50 C, 200 C

Explanation:
1. Nickel carbonyl forms near 330 K (about 50 degrees Celsius) and decomposes near 470 K (about 200 degrees Celsius).

Teacher's Note:
1. The carbonyl is volatile, leaving impurities behind.

Question 2: Which reaction represents the thermite process?
(a) \( \ce{MgCO3 + SiO2 -> MgSiO3 + CO2} \)
(b) \( \ce{3Mn3O4 + 8Al -> 9Mn + 4Al2O3} \)
(c) \( \ce{Cu2S + 2Cu2O -> 6Cu + SO2} \)
(d) \( \ce{Fe2O3 + 3CO -> 2Fe + 3CO2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) \( \ce{3Mn3O4 + 8Al -> 9Mn + 4Al2O3} \)

Explanation:
1. The thermite (aluminothermic) process reduces a metal oxide with aluminium powder, releasing a lot of heat.

Teacher's Note:
1. The reaction is used to obtain Mn, Cr, and for welding rails.

Question 3: Which metal cannot be extracted by the carbon reduction process?
(a) Fe
(b) Al
(c) Sn
(d) Zn
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Al

Explanation:
1. Aluminium oxide is too stable (very negative \( \Delta G_f \)), so carbon cannot reduce it at practical temperatures.

Teacher's Note:
1. Al is obtained by electrolysis of alumina in cryolite.

Question 4: Match the extraction processes: self-reduction, carbon/CO reduction, electrolytic reduction in fused state, complex formation and displacement with (p) copper from copper glance, (q) silver from argentite, (r) aluminium from bauxite, (s) iron from haematite. The correct code is
(a) self-reduction-s, carbon-p, electrolytic-r, complex formation-q
(b) self-reduction-p, carbon-s, electrolytic-r, complex formation-q
(c) self-reduction-p, carbon-r, electrolytic-s, complex formation-q
(d) self-reduction-q, carbon-s, electrolytic-r, complex formation-p
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) self-reduction-p, carbon-s, electrolytic-r, complex formation-q

Explanation:
1. Copper glance self-reduces, haematite is reduced by CO/C, Al is electrolysed, and silver is leached with cyanide and displaced by zinc.

Teacher's Note:
1. These are the four main routes of extraction.

Question 5: Which is NOT a correct method-name pair?
(a) \( \ce{TiCl4 + 2Mg -> Ti + 2MgCl2} \) : Kroll
(b) \( \ce{ZrI4 -> Zr + 2I2} \) : Van Arkel
(c) \( \ce{Ni(CO)4 -> Ni + 4CO} \) : Mond
(d) \( \ce{Ag2CO3 -> 2Ag + CO2 + 1/2 O2} \) : Van Arkel
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \ce{Ag2CO3 -> 2Ag + CO2 + 1/2 O2} \) : Van Arkel

Explanation:
1. Heating silver carbonate is simple thermal decomposition. Van Arkel refers to decomposition of a volatile metal iodide on a hot filament.

Teacher's Note:
1. Mond (Ni) and Van Arkel (Ti, Zr) are vapour phase refining methods.

Question 6: How many of the following are oxide ores: carnallite, cuprite, cassiterite, chromite, cinnabar, calamine, cerussite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) 3

Explanation:
1. Cuprite \( \ce{Cu2O} \), cassiterite \( \ce{SnO2} \) and chromite \( \ce{FeCr2O4} \) are oxides. Carnallite is a chloride, cinnabar HgS, chalcocite \( \ce{Cu2S} \) and chalcopyrite sulphides, calamine and cerussite carbonates.

Teacher's Note:
1. Group ores by anion before learning their extraction.

Question 7: Bauxite is leached with
(a) Na2SO4
(b) KCl
(c) NaOH
(d) NaCN
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) NaOH

Explanation:
1. Hot concentrated NaOH dissolves alumina as sodium aluminate, leaving iron oxide and silica behind: \( \ce{Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O -> 2Na[Al(OH)4]} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanide is used for Ag and Au, and NaOH for bauxite.

Question 8: Froth flotation of sulphide ores is a practical application of
(a) coagulation
(b) absorption
(c) sedimentation
(d) adsorption
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) adsorption

Explanation:
1. The pine oil and collectors adsorb on the ore particles, which attach to air bubbles and rise.

Teacher's Note:
1. Adsorption of the collector on the sulphide surface makes it water repellent.

Question 9: Which of the following is calcination?
(a) \( \ce{2Ag + 2HCl + [O] -> 2AgCl + H2O} \)
(b) \( \ce{2Zn + O2 -> 2ZnO} \)
(c) \( \ce{2ZnS + 3O2 -> 2ZnO + 2SO2} \)
(d) \( \ce{MgCO3 -> MgO + CO2} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) \( \ce{MgCO3 -> MgO + CO2} \)

Explanation:
1. Decomposition of a carbonate on heating without much air is calcination; (c) is roasting.

Teacher's Note:
1. Calcination of dolomite gives MgO and CaO.

Question 10: In the extraction of lead from galena, the self-reduction process is: (X) PbS is roasted to PbO and \( \ce{SO2} \) and then reduced by C; (Y) PbS is partly roasted to PbO, and PbO reacts with the remaining PbS to give Pb and \( \ce{SO2} \); (Z) PbO is reduced by CO. Self-reduction is
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) none
(d) Z
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Y

Explanation:
1. In self-reduction the metal compound itself acts as the reducing agent, which happens in (Y): \( \ce{PbS + 2PbO -> 3Pb + SO2} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. X and Z use an external reductant (carbon or CO).

Question 11: The metal extracted by leaching with cyanide is
(a) Mg
(b) Na
(c) Cu
(d) Ag
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) Ag

Explanation:
1. Silver (and gold) dissolve as dicyano complexes.

Teacher's Note:
1. Cyanide complexation is for noble metals.

Question 12: Electrolytic reduction is used for extraction of
(a) transition metals
(b) highly electronegative elements
(c) noble metals
(d) highly electropositive elements
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) highly electropositive elements

Explanation:
1. Very electropositive metals (Na, K, Mg, Al) have stable compounds and need electrical energy to reduce them.

Teacher's Note:
1. Strong chemical reductants cannot reduce these ions.

Question 13: An Ellingham diagram represents
(a) the change of \( \Delta G \) with pressure
(b) the change of \( \Delta G \) with temperature
(c) the change of \( (\Delta G-T\Delta S) \) with temperature
(d) the change of \( \Delta H \) with temperature
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) the change of \( \Delta G \) with temperature

Explanation:
1. It is a plot of the standard free energy of formation of oxides (per mole of oxygen) against temperature.

Teacher's Note:
1. A metal whose line lies lower on the diagram can reduce the oxide of any metal whose line is higher.

Question 14: An ore X is dissolved in dilute HCl and treated with KI, giving a white precipitate P and iodine. The precipitate is
(a) \( \ce{Cu2I2} \)
(b) \( \ce{CuI2} \)
(c) \( \ce{K2[CuI4]} \)
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) \( \ce{Cu2I2} \)

Explanation:
1. Copper(II) oxidises iodide to iodine and itself becomes copper(I) iodide, a white precipitate.

Teacher's Note:
1. \( \ce{2Cu^{2+} + 4I^- -> Cu2I2 + I2} \).

Question 15: Smelting of iron in the blast furnace involves which processes? (i) combustion (ii) reduction (iii) slag formation (iv) sublimation
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only
(b) (ii) and (iv) only
(c) (i) and (iv) only
(d) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) (i), (ii) and (iii) only

Explanation:
1. Coke burns, oxide is reduced and limestone forms slag; sublimation does not occur.

Teacher's Note:
1. These happen in different zones of the furnace.

Question 16: Dissolving the ore in a suitable reagent followed by precipitation of the metal by a more electropositive metal is called
(a) electro-refining
(b) hydrometallurgy
(c) zone refining
(d) electrometallurgy
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) hydrometallurgy

Explanation:
1. This is leaching followed by displacement, e.g. gold and silver cyanide complexes with zinc.

Teacher's Note:
1. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions.

Question 17: Which reaction represents calcination?
(a) \( \ce{Al2O3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO2 + H2O} \)
(b) \( \ce{HgS + O2 -> Hg + SO2} \)
(c) \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 -> 2CuO + CO2 + H2O} \)
(d) \( \ce{AgNO3 + NaCl -> AgCl + NaNO3} \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) \( \ce{CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 -> 2CuO + CO2 + H2O} \)

Explanation:
1. Calcination is heating in absence or limited supply of air to drive off volatile matter (CO2 and water here).

Teacher's Note:
1. Roasting needs excess air; calcination does not.

Question 18: Among Hg, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg, Pb, Fe, Sn, the number extracted by self-reduction from their ores is
(a) 4
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 3

Explanation:
1. Hg (cinnabar), Cu (copper glance) and Pb (galena) are obtained by self-reduction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Zn, Fe and Sn use carbon, and Al and Mg are electrolytic.

Question 19: In the metallurgy of silver (argentite), the process is based on
(a) Dow process
(b) Hall-Heroult process
(c) complex formation with cyanide and displacement by zinc (MacArthur-Forrest process)
(d) Hoop's process
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) complex formation with cyanide and displacement by zinc (MacArthur-Forrest process)

Explanation:
1. Argentite is leached with NaCN in air to form \( \ce{Na[Ag(CN)2]} \), then silver is displaced by zinc.

Teacher's Note:
1. Air is passed to oxidise the sulphide ion produced.

Question 20: Slag consists of molten impurities generally in the form of
(a) metal oxide
(b) metal silicate
(c) metal nitrate
(d) metal carbonate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) metal silicate

Explanation:
1. An acidic gangue (silica) combines with a basic flux, or basic oxide with silica, to give silicate slag such as \( \ce{CaSiO3} \) or \( \ce{FeSiO3} \).

Teacher's Note:
1. Gangue + flux gives slag.

Question 21: Which method is shown by \( \ce{Ti + 2I2 -> TiI4 (523 K); TiI4 -> Ti + 2I2 (1700 K)} \)?
(a) Zone refining
(b) Van Arkel
(c) Poling
(d) Cupellation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Van Arkel

Explanation:
1. Formation of a volatile iodide and its decomposition on a hot filament is the Van Arkel method.

Teacher's Note:
1. It is used for ultra pure Ti and Zr.

Question 22: Which ore is best concentrated by froth flotation?
(a) Siderite
(b) Magnetite
(c) Galena
(d) Malachite
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Galena

Explanation:
1. Galena, PbS, is a sulphide.

Teacher's Note:
1. Sulphide ores are floated using pine oil.

Question 23: For decomposition of a metal oxide into solid or liquid metal and oxygen,
(a) it is endothermic
(b) entropy increases
(c) all of these are correct
(d) to make \( \Delta G^\circ \) negative the temperature must be high enough so that \( T\Delta S^\circ>\Delta H^\circ \)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) all of these are correct

Explanation:
1. Gas is produced (entropy rises), bonds are broken (endothermic), and \( \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S \) becomes negative at high T.

Teacher's Note:
1. This explains why oxides of noble metals decompose on heating.

Question 24: An ore X on calcination gives a black solid, water and a gas turning lime water milky without decolourising acidified permanganate; an ore Y on roasting gives the metal and a gas that turns starch-iodate paper blue; both impart a greenish blue flame. X and Y are respectively
(a) sulphide and carbonate ores
(b) carbonate and hydroxide ores
(c) carbonate and oxide ores
(d) carbonate and sulphide ores
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) carbonate and sulphide ores

Explanation:
1. The gas that turns lime water milky and does not reduce permanganate is \( \ce{CO2} \), so X is a basic carbonate (malachite). Y gives \( \ce{SO2} \) (reduces iodate) and the metal by self-reduction, so Y is a sulphide (copper glance).

Teacher's Note:
1. Greenish blue flame indicates copper.

Question 25: How many of these rows are correctly matched: I cyanide process - ultra pure Ge; II froth flotation - pine oil; III electrolytic reduction - extraction of Al; IV zone refining - extraction of Au? The sum of the correct row numbers is
(a) 3
(b) 5
(c) 4
(d) 7
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) 5

Explanation:
1. II and III are correct, I and IV are wrong (cyanide is for Au and Ag; zone refining gives pure Ge).

Teacher's Note:
1. Sum = 2 + 3 = 5.

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