JEE Chemistry Chemistry In Everyday Life MCQs Set 14

Answer: (b) antihistamine

Explanation:
1. Terfenadine blocks H₁ histamine receptors, so it is an antihistamine.
2. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Seldane (terfenadine) was an early non-sedating antihistamine.
2. Other antihistamines: brompheniramine, diphenhydramine.

Answer: (b) Analgesic

Explanation:
1. Analgesics reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness.
2. Antipyretics lower fever and antibiotics act against bacteria.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Analgesic: pain relief.
2. Antipyretic: fever reduction.

Answer: (c) Diphenhydramine

Explanation:
1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) blocks histamine receptors.
2. Omeprazole is an antacid, chloramphenicol an antibiotic and norethindrone a birth control compound.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Antihistamines treat allergies.
2. Omeprazole and ranitidine reduce acid secretion.

Answer: (d) It belongs to narcotic analgesics

Explanation:
1. Aspirin is a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic with antiplatelet action.
2. Narcotic analgesics such as morphine and codeine are different compounds, so (d) is not true.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Aspirin is non-narcotic and non-addictive.
2. Low doses prevent heart attacks by thinning blood.

Answer: (c) Antimicrobials

Explanation:
1. Sulphonamides (sulpha drugs) inhibit growth of bacteria by interfering with folic acid synthesis, so they are antimicrobials.
2. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Prontosil was the first sulpha drug.
2. They stop bacterial growth.

Answer: (a) antiseptics

Explanation:
1. These substances are applied on living tissues such as wounds, cuts and ulcers, so they are antiseptics.
2. Disinfectants are applied to non-living objects.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Antiseptic: on living tissue.
2. Disinfectant: on floors, instruments.

Answer: (a) luminal

Explanation:
1. Luminal (phenobarbitone) is a barbiturate, used as a sedative and hypnotic.
2. Salol is an intestinal antiseptic; catechol is a phenol.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Barbiturates are hypnotics.
2. Hypnotics induce sleep.

Answer: (c) methyl salicylate

Explanation:
1. Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is used as a pain-relieving liniment.
2. The other esters are used as solvents or in flavouring.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Oil of wintergreen is methyl salicylate.
2. Aspirin is also an ester.

Answer: (d) Vitamin E

Explanation:
1. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is a fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents rancidity of oils and fats.
2. Vitamin C is water soluble.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Fat-soluble antioxidants protect oils.
2. BHA and BHT are synthetic antioxidants.

Answer: (c) N-acetyl-para-aminophenol

Explanation:
1. N-acetyl-para-aminophenol is paracetamol, a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic.
2. Morphine and tetrahydrocannabinol are narcotic or addictive and diazepam is a tranquilliser.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Non-narcotic analgesics are non-addictive.
2. Paracetamol is also an antipyretic.

Answer: (b) paracetamol

Explanation:
1. Paracetamol lowers body temperature during fever.
2. Quinine is an antimalarial, luminal a hypnotic and piperazine an anthelmintic.
3. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Antipyretic: reduces fever.
2. Aspirin is also an antipyretic.

Answer: (d) Equanil

Explanation:
1. Equanil (meprobamate) is a tranquilliser used for depression and hypertension.
2. Naproxen is an analgesic, tetracycline an antibiotic and chlorpheniramine an antihistamine.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Tranquillisers relieve stress and anxiety.
2. Other examples: valium and luminal.

Answer: (a) penicillin

Explanation:
1. Amoxycillin and ampicillin are semi-synthetic modifications of penicillin with a broader spectrum.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Semi-synthetic: natural product chemically modified.
2. Ampicillin and amoxycillin are penicillin derivatives.

Answer: (a) ciprofloxacin

Explanation:
1. Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
2. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are analgesics and tocopherol is vitamin E.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Antibiotics act on bacteria.
2. Cipro is bactericidal.

Answer: (a) aspirin

Explanation:
1. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by reducing thromboxane formation, so low doses prevent heart attacks.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. It has antiblood-clotting action.
2. Valium is a tranquilliser.

Answer: (d) antacid

Explanation:
1. Omeprazole and lansoprazole are proton pump inhibitors that reduce gastric acid, so they are antacids.
2. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid secretion.
2. Ranitidine is an H₂ antagonist.

Answer: (d) stopping the growth of bacteria

Explanation:
1. Sulpha drugs are bacteriostatic: they stop bacterial growth by blocking folic acid synthesis.
2. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Sulpha drugs do not kill bacteria directly.
2. They mimic p-aminobenzoic acid.

Answer: (a) quinine

Explanation:
1. Quinine, obtained from cinchona bark, is an antimalarial.
2. Aspirin and analgin are analgesics and equanil is a tranquilliser.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Chloroquine and primaquine are synthetic antimalarials.
2. Quinine is a natural alkaloid.

Answer: (b) morphine

Explanation:
1. Heroin is diacetylmorphine, obtained by acetylating morphine.
2. Answer: (b)

Teacher's Note:
1. Heroin is a narcotic analgesic.
2. Morphine is obtained from opium poppy.

Answer: (a) Insulin

Explanation:
1. Insulin lowers blood glucose and is the antidiabetic drug, whereas penicillin is an antibiotic, chloroquine an antimalarial and aspirin an analgesic.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Tolbutamide is an oral antidiabetic.
2. Insulin is a protein hormone.

Answer: (a) aspirin

Explanation:
1. Acetylation of the phenolic OH of salicylic acid with acetic anhydride gives acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Aspirin is an ester of salicylic acid.
2. Acetic anhydride is the acetylating agent.

Answer: (a) Sucralose

Explanation:
1. Sucralose is a trichloro derivative of sucrose, so it contains chlorine.
2. Alitame, aspartame and saccharin do not contain chlorine.
3. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Sucralose is about 600 times sweeter than sucrose.
2. It is stable at cooking temperature.

Answer: (a) normal alkyl chain

Explanation:
1. Straight (unbranched) alkyl chains are readily degraded by bacteria, while branched chains resist degradation and cause foam in rivers.
2. Answer: (a)

Teacher's Note:
1. Branched-chain detergents cause pollution.
2. Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates are biodegradable.

Answer: (c) salicylic acid with acetic anhydride in presence of H₂SO₄

Explanation:
1. Salicylic acid is acetylated by acetic anhydride in the presence of an acid catalyst to give aspirin.
2. Methanol would give methyl salicylate instead.
3. Answer: (c)

Teacher's Note:
1. Aspirin is 2-acetoxybenzoic acid.
2. Methanol gives oil of wintergreen.

Answer: (d) All of these

Explanation:
1. Vanillin is 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, which is p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzaldehyde.
2. It is used as a vanilla flavouring agent and food additive, so all statements are correct.
3. Answer: (d)

Teacher's Note:
1. Vanillin is an aromatic aldehyde.
2. It has OH and OCH₃ groups on the ring.