JEE Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones And Carboxylic Acids MCQs Set 20

Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Urea can be tested by
(a) Benedict's test
(b) Mulliken test
(c) ninhydrin
(d) the biuret test
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) the biuret test

Explanation:
1. Heating urea gives biuret, which gives a violet colour with alkaline CuSO4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 2: The organic products of C6H5COOCH3 (1. LiAlH4 2. H2O) are
(a) C6H5COOH and CH4
(b) C6H5CH2OH and CH4
(c) C6H5CH3 and CH3OH
(d) C6H5CH2OH and CH3OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C6H5CH2OH and CH3OH

Explanation:
1. The acyl part is reduced to a primary alcohol and the alkoxy part leaves as methanol.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 3: The reaction between an acid and an alcohol gives
(a) an acid with more carbon atoms
(b) a secondary alcohol
(c) an alkane
(d) an ester
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) an ester

Explanation:
1. The reaction is esterification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 4: Benzoic acid gives benzene on being heated with X and phenol gives benzene on being heated with Y. X and Y are respectively
(a) soda lime and copper
(b) Zn dust and NaOH
(c) Zn dust and soda lime
(d) soda lime and zinc dust
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) soda lime and zinc dust

Explanation:
1. Soda lime decarboxylates benzoic acid to benzene.
2. Zinc dust removes the OH of phenol, giving benzene.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 5: The product obtained when acetic acid is treated with phosphorus trichloride is
(a) CH3COOPCl3
(b) CH3COOCl
(c) CH3COCl
(d) ClCH2COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3COCl

Explanation:
1. 3CH3COOH + PCl3 → 3CH3COCl + H3PO3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 6: Acetyl chloride reduced with LiAlH4 gives
(a) methyl alcohol
(b) ethyl alcohol
(c) acetaldehyde
(d) acetone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) ethyl alcohol

Explanation:
1. Acyl chlorides are reduced all the way to primary alcohols by LiAlH4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 7: In the preparation of an ester, the commonly used dehydrating agent is
(a) phosphorus pentoxide
(b) anhydrous calcium carbide
(c) anhydrous aluminium chloride
(d) concentrated sulphuric acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) concentrated sulphuric acid

Explanation:
1. Conc. H2SO4 acts as both catalyst and dehydrating agent in Fischer esterification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 8: Lower carboxylic acids are soluble in water due to
(a) low molecular weight
(b) hydrogen bonding
(c) dissociation into ions
(d) easy hydrolysis
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) hydrogen bonding

Explanation:
1. Their COOH groups hydrogen-bond with water molecules.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 9: Acetamide reacts with P2O5 to give
(a) methyl cyanide
(b) methyl cyanate
(c) ethyl cyanide
(d) ethyl isocyanate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) methyl cyanide

Explanation:
1. Amides are dehydrated to nitriles: CH3CONH2 → CH3CN + H2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 10: The reaction CH3COOH + Cl2 → (P) ClCH2COOH + HCl is called
(a) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction
(b) Birch reaction
(c) Rosenmund reaction
(d) Hunsdiecker reaction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction

Explanation:
1. Alpha-halogenation of an acid with a halogen and red phosphorus is the HVZ reaction.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 11: An aqueous solution of urea
(a) is neutral
(b) is acidic
(c) is basic
(d) can act as an acid and a base
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) is neutral

Explanation:
1. Urea is practically neutral to litmus in solution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 12: Nitration of benzoic acid gives
(a) 3-nitrobenzoic acid
(b) 2-nitrobenzoic acid
(c) 2,3-dinitrobenzoic acid
(d) 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) 3-nitrobenzoic acid

Explanation:
1. COOH is meta-directing, so the nitro group enters at position 3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 13: The reagent used for converting ethanoic acid to ethanol is
(a) LiAlH4
(b) KMnO4
(c) PCl3
(d) K2Cr2O7/H+
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) LiAlH4

Explanation:
1. LiAlH4 reduces CH3COOH to CH3CH2OH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 14: Which has the maximum acid strength?
(a) o-nitrobenzoic acid
(b) m-nitrobenzoic acid
(c) p-nitrobenzoic acid
(d) p-nitrophenol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) o-nitrobenzoic acid

Explanation:
1. The ortho-nitro group has the strongest -I effect (and the ortho effect), so o-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa 2.2) is the strongest.
2. Nitrophenol is much weaker.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 15: When benzoic acid is treated with PCl5 at 100°C it gives
(a) benzoyl chloride
(b) o-chlorobenzoic acid
(c) p-chlorobenzoic acid
(d) benzyl chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) benzoyl chloride

Explanation:
1. PCl5 converts COOH to COCl, giving C6H5COCl.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 16: Oxalic acid heated at 90°C with conc. H2SO4 forms
(a) HCOOH + CO2
(b) CO2 + H2O
(c) CO2 + CO + H2O
(d) HCOOH + CO
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CO2 + CO + H2O

Explanation:
1. Dehydration of oxalic acid gives CO + CO2 + H2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 17: Benzoic acid is less acidic than salicylic acid because of
(a) hydrogen bond
(b) inductive effect
(c) delocalisation
(d) all of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) hydrogen bond

Explanation:
1. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the salicylate anion between the ortho OH and COO- stabilises it, so salicylic acid is stronger.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 18: Acetic anhydride reacts with diethyl ether in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 to form
(a) ethyl acetate
(b) methyl propionate
(c) methyl acetate
(d) propionic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ethyl acetate

Explanation:
1. The Lewis acid cleaves the ether, giving 2 mol of ethyl acetate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 19: Treatment of benzoic acid with Cl2/FeCl3 gives
(a) p-chlorobenzoic acid
(b) o-chlorobenzoic acid
(c) 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid
(d) m-chlorobenzoic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) m-chlorobenzoic acid

Explanation:
1. COOH directs the incoming electrophile to the meta position.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 20: Hinsberg's reagent is
(a) benzamide
(b) benzenesulphonyl chloride
(c) 4-methylbenzoyl chloride
(d) benzoyl chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) benzenesulphonyl chloride

Explanation:
1. C6H5SO2Cl is used to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 21: Which is the correct order of increasing strengths of carboxylic acids?
(a) CH2FCOOH < CH3COOH < CH2ClCOOH < CCl3COOH
(b) CH3COOH < CH2ClCOOH < CH2FCOOH < CCl3COOH
(c) CH2ClCOOH < CH2FCOOH < CCl3COOH < CH3COOH
(d) CCl3COOH < CH2ClCOOH < CH2FCOOH < CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CH3COOH < CH2ClCOOH < CH2FCOOH < CCl3COOH

Explanation:
1. pKa values: acetic 4.76, chloroacetic 2.86, fluoroacetic 2.59, trichloroacetic 0.65.
2. Increasing strength means decreasing pKa.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 22: The weakest acid among the following is
(a) CH3COOH
(b) Cl2CHCOOH
(c) ClCH2COOH
(d) Cl3CCOOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3COOH

Explanation:
1. It has no electron-withdrawing halogen.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 23: Consider the acidity of (a) PhCOOH, (b) o-NO2C6H4COOH, (c) p-NO2C6H4COOH, (d) m-NO2C6H4COOH. Which order is correct?
(a) b > d > a > c
(b) b > d > c > a
(c) a > b > c > d
(d) b > c > d > a
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) b > c > d > a

Explanation:
1. pKa values: ortho 2.17, para 3.44, meta 3.45, benzoic acid 4.20.
2. So the order is b > c > d > a.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 24: On mixing ethyl acetate with aqueous sodium chloride, the composition of the resulting solution is
(a) CH3COCl + C2H5OH + NaOH
(b) CH3COONa + C2H5OH
(c) CH3COOC2H5 + NaCl
(d) CH3Cl + C2H5COONa
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3COOC2H5 + NaCl

Explanation:
1. NaCl is a neutral salt and does not hydrolyse the ester, so the two simply mix.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 25: The reaction of an ester RCOOR' with an alcohol R''OH in the presence of an acid gives
(a) RCOOH
(b) R'COOH
(c) R''COOR'
(d) RCOOR''
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) RCOOR''

Explanation:
1. Transesterification exchanges the alkoxy group: RCOOR' + R''OH → RCOOR'' + R'OH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 26: RCOOH treated with PCl5 and KCN, then hydrolysed, then subjected to Clemmensen reduction gives
(a) RCH2COCl
(b) RCH2COOH
(c) RCOCN
(d) RCN
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) RCH2COOH

Explanation:
1. RCOCl → RCOCN → RCOCOOH on hydrolysis.
2. Clemmensen reduction converts the keto group to CH2, giving RCH2COOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 27: The reagent which does not give an acid chloride on treating with a carboxylic acid is
(a) PCl5
(b) Cl2
(c) SOCl2
(d) PCl3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) Cl2

Explanation:
1. PCl5, SOCl2 and PCl3 replace OH by Cl.
2. Cl2 does not.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 28: An organic compound is boiled with alcoholic potash. The product is cooled and acidified with HCl, and a white solid separates out. The starting compound may be
(a) ethyl benzoate
(b) ethyl formate
(c) ethyl acetate
(d) methyl acetate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ethyl benzoate

Explanation:
1. Hydrolysis gives sodium benzoate, and HCl then precipitates benzoic acid, a white solid.
2. The other acids are liquids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

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Practice MCQs for JEE Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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