JEE Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones And Carboxylic Acids MCQs Set 18

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Chapter-wise Objective Questions: Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Access the complete set of multiple-choice questions for Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids below. This focused format allows students to isolate specific topics for thorough review and uninterrupted practice alongside official JEE textbooks.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Acetic anhydride reacts with excess ammonia to form
(a) 2CH3COONH4
(b) 2CH3CONH2
(c) CH3CONH2 + CH3COONH4
(d) 2CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH3CONH2 + CH3COONH4

Explanation:
1. (CH3CO)2O + 2NH3 → CH3CONH2 + CH3COONH4.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 2: In the sequence toluene → [O] A → SOCl2 B → NaN3 C → heat D, D is
(a) a primary amine
(b) an amide
(c) phenyl isocyanate
(d) a chain-lengthened hydrocarbon
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) phenyl isocyanate

Explanation:
1. A = benzoic acid, B = benzoyl chloride, C = benzoyl azide.
2. Heating gives the Curtius rearrangement to C6H5N=C=O, phenyl isocyanate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 3: Hydrolysis of fats with caustic soda is known as
(a) esterification
(b) saponification
(c) acetylation
(d) carboxylation
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) saponification

Explanation:
1. Alkaline hydrolysis of fats or esters to give glycerol and sodium salts of fatty acids (soap) is saponification.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 4: In the reaction CH3COOH → (LiAlH4) A → (I2/NaOH) B → (Ag dust) C, the final product C is
(a) C2H5I
(b) C2H5OH
(c) C2H2
(d) CH3COCH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) C2H2

Explanation:
1. A = ethanol; B = iodoform CHI3 (iodoform test).
2. Heating CHI3 with silver powder gives ethyne, HC≡CH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 5: Reaction of ethyl formate with excess CH3MgI followed by hydrolysis gives
(a) n-propyl alcohol
(b) ethanal
(c) propanal
(d) isopropyl alcohol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) isopropyl alcohol

Explanation:
1. A formate ester gives a secondary alcohol with excess Grignard reagent.
2. The product is (CH3)2CHOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 6: Formic and acetic acids differ in
(a) replacement of hydrogen by sodium
(b) formation of ester with alcohol
(c) reduction of Fehling's solution
(d) blue litmus reaction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) reduction of Fehling's solution

Explanation:
1. Only formic acid, having an aldehyde-type H, reduces Fehling's solution.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 7: Formaldehyde and formic acid can be distinguished using
(a) Tollens' reagent
(b) Fehling's solution
(c) ferric chloride
(d) sodium bicarbonate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) sodium bicarbonate

Explanation:
1. Both reduce Tollens' and Fehling's reagents.
2. Only formic acid liberates CO2 from NaHCO3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 8: Acetic acid exists as a dimer in benzene solution. This is due to
(a) condensation
(b) presence of the COOH group
(c) presence of alpha hydrogen
(d) hydrogen bonding
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) hydrogen bonding

Explanation:
1. Two molecules link through two O-H...O hydrogen bonds in a non-polar solvent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 9: Which of the following reacts with NaHCO3 solution to give the sodium salt and CO2?
(a) phenol
(b) n-hexanol
(c) acetic acid
(d) both phenol and n-hexanol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) acetic acid

Explanation:
1. Only a stronger acid than carbonic acid does this.
2. Acetic acid does, but phenol and alcohols are weaker acids than carbonic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 10: Acetic acid dissolved in benzene shows a molecular mass of
(a) 30
(b) 60
(c) 120
(d) 240
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) 120

Explanation:
1. The acid exists as a dimer, so the apparent molar mass is 2 x 60 = 120.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 11: The reaction 2CH3COOC2H5 (C2H5ONa) → CH3COCH2COOC2H5 + C2H5OH is called
(a) Etard reaction
(b) Perkin's reaction
(c) Claisen condensation
(d) Claisen-Schmidt reaction
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Claisen condensation

Explanation:
1. Self-condensation of an ester with an alpha hydrogen to give a beta-keto ester is the Claisen condensation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 12: Which is the strongest acid (pKa in brackets)?
(a) HCOOH (3.77)
(b) C6H5COOH (4.22)
(c) CH3COOH (4.71)
(d) CH3CH2COOH (4.88)
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) HCOOH (3.77)

Explanation:
1. The smallest pKa means the strongest acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 13: In the presence of an iodine catalyst, chlorine reacts with acetic acid to form
(a) CH3COCl
(b) CH2ClCOOH
(c) CH3C(Cl)2OH
(d) CH3COOCl
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CH2ClCOOH

Explanation:
1. Halogen carriers allow alpha-halogenation of the acid (like HVZ), giving chloroacetic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 14: The acid showing salt-like character in aqueous solution is
(a) acetic acid
(b) benzoic acid
(c) formic acid
(d) amino acetic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) amino acetic acid

Explanation:
1. Glycine exists as the zwitterion H3N+CH2COO-, giving it salt-like properties such as a high melting point and water solubility.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 15: CH3COOH → (P2O5) X. Identify X.
(a) CH3COCH3
(b) CH3CHO
(c) (CH3CO)2O
(d) CH4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) (CH3CO)2O

Explanation:
1. P2O5 dehydrates acetic acid to acetic anhydride.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 16: Formic acid
(a) is immiscible with water
(b) reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate
(c) is a weak acid nearly three and a half times weaker than acetic acid
(d) is made by heating potassium hydroxide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) reduces ammoniacal silver nitrate

Explanation:
1. HCOOH is miscible with water and is stronger than acetic acid.
2. It reduces Tollens' reagent.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 17: Which statement about formic acid is true?
(a) It is a weaker acid than acetic acid
(b) It is a reducing agent
(c) Its calcium salt on heating forms a ketone
(d) It is an oxidising agent
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) It is a reducing agent

Explanation:
1. Formic acid is a reducing agent because of its aldehyde-type H.
2. Its calcium salt gives formaldehyde, not a ketone.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 18: Which decolourises acidic KMnO4?
(a) CH3COOH
(b) CH3CH2COOH
(c) COOH-COOH
(d) CH3COOC2H5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) COOH-COOH

Explanation:
1. Oxalic acid is oxidised by KMnO4 to CO2, reducing the purple colour.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 19: A colourless water-soluble liquid decomposes sodium carbonate liberating CO2 and gives a black precipitate with Tollens' reagent. The liquid is
(a) acetaldehyde
(b) acetic acid
(c) formaldehyde
(d) formic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) formic acid

Explanation:
1. Liberation of CO2 shows an acid.
2. A silver deposit with Tollens' reagent shows a reducing group, found in formic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 20: The end product B in R-X → (CN-) A → (NaOH) B is
(a) an alkane
(b) a carboxylic acid
(c) the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid
(d) a ketone
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) the sodium salt of a carboxylic acid

Explanation:
1. RCN with aqueous NaOH hydrolyses to RCOONa and NH3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 21: In CH3CH2COOH → (Cl2/red P) X → (alc. KOH) Y, compound Y is
(a) CH3CH2OH
(b) CH3CH2CN
(c) CH2=CHCOOH
(d) CH3CHClCOOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) CH2=CHCOOH

Explanation:
1. X = 2-chloropropanoic acid (HVZ reaction).
2. Alcoholic KOH eliminates HCl, giving acrylic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 22: Which of the following can possibly be used as an analgesic without causing addiction?
(a) morphine
(b) N-acetyl-para-aminophenol
(c) diazepam
(d) tetrahydrocannabinol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) N-acetyl-para-aminophenol

Explanation:
1. Paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 23: Which of the following esters cannot undergo Claisen self-condensation?
(a) CH3CH2CH2CH2COOC2H5
(b) C6H5COOC2H5
(c) C6H5CH2COOC2H5
(d) C6H11CH2COOC2H5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) C6H5COOC2H5

Explanation:
1. Claisen condensation needs at least one alpha hydrogen.
2. Ethyl benzoate has none.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 24: When acetic acid is dissolved in benzene its apparent molecular mass
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) either increases or decreases
(d) suffers no change
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) increases

Explanation:
1. Dimerisation through hydrogen bonds doubles the apparent molar mass relative to the monomer.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 25: Benzoic acid has a higher molecular weight in benzene and a lower one in water because
(a) water has a lower freezing point and higher boiling point than benzene
(b) it dissociates to a greater extent in benzene than in water
(c) it associates in water and dissociates in benzene
(d) it dissociates in water and associates in benzene
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) it dissociates in water and associates in benzene

Explanation:
1. In benzene it forms dimers (higher mass).
2. In water it ionises, increasing the number of particles (lower apparent mass).

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 26: What is the main reason that carboxylic acids undergo ionisation?
(a) absence of alpha hydrogen
(b) delocalisation stabilisation of the carboxylate ion
(c) high reactivity of alpha hydrogen
(d) hydrogen bonding
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) delocalisation stabilisation of the carboxylate ion

Explanation:
1. The negative charge in RCOO- is delocalised over two oxygens, which stabilises the anion and favours ionisation.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 27: Which of the following will evolve hydrogen with sodium metal?
(a) C2H5OH
(b) CH3COOH
(c) both of these
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) both of these

Explanation:
1. Both contain an acidic O-H that reacts with active metals.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 28: When urea is heated it forms biuret. An alkaline solution of biuret with CuSO4 gives
(a) a violet colour
(b) a red colour
(c) a green colour
(d) a black colour
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) a violet colour

Explanation:
1. The biuret test gives a violet colour.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

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