JEE Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones And Carboxylic Acids MCQs Set 15

Chemistry Objective Questions and Answers: Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1: Formamide is
(a) HCONH2
(b) CH3CONH2
(c) HCOONH4
(d) HCHO + NH3
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) HCONH2

Explanation:
1. Formamide is the amide of formic acid, HCONH2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 2: Oleic, stearic and palmitic acids are
(a) nucleic acids
(b) amino acids
(c) fatty acids
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) fatty acids

Explanation:
1. These are long-chain carboxylic acids found in fats and oils, that is, fatty acids.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 3: Which one is called ethanoic acid?
(a) HCOOH
(b) CH3COOH
(c) CH3CH2COOH
(d) CH3CH2CH2COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) CH3COOH

Explanation:
1. Ethanoic acid has two carbons, so it is acetic acid, CH3COOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 4: Vinegar is
(a) HCHO
(b) HCOOH
(c) CH3CHO
(d) CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CH3COOH

Explanation:
1. Vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution (about 4 to 8 per cent) of acetic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 5: Which of these does not contain a COOH group?
(a) Aspirin
(b) Benzoic acid
(c) Picric acid
(d) Salicylic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Picric acid

Explanation:
1. Picric acid is 2,4,6-trinitrophenol and has only a phenolic OH.
2. The other three contain COOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 6: Vinegar obtained from sugarcane has
(a) CH3COOH
(b) HCOOH
(c) C6H5COOH
(d) CH3CH2COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3COOH

Explanation:
1. The acid in vinegar is acetic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 7: Carbolic acid is
(a) C6H5CHO
(b) C6H6
(c) C6H5COOH
(d) C6H5OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) C6H5OH

Explanation:
1. Carbolic acid is the old name of phenol, C6H5OH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 8: The most acidic of the following is
(a) ClCH2COOH
(b) C6H5COOH
(c) CD3COOH
(d) CH3CH2COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ClCH2COOH

Explanation:
1. The -I effect of Cl stabilises the carboxylate ion most.
2. Deuterium or alkyl groups do not increase acidity.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 9: Which is the most reactive of the following?
(a) ethyl acetate
(b) acetic anhydride
(c) acetamide
(d) acetyl chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) acetyl chloride

Explanation:
1. Reactivity towards nucleophiles: RCOCl > (RCO)2O > RCOOR > RCONH2.
2. Cl- is the best leaving group.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 10: Hydrolysis of CH3CH2NO2 with 85% H2SO4 gives
(a) CH3CH2OH
(b) C2H6
(c) CH3CH=NOH
(d) CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CH3COOH

Explanation:
1. Primary nitroalkanes are hydrolysed by hot 85% sulphuric acid to the carboxylic acid with the same number of carbons (and hydroxylamine).
2. So nitroethane gives acetic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 11: When formic acid reacts with PCl5 it forms
(a) formyl chloride
(b) acetyl chloride
(c) methyl chloride
(d) propionyl chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) formyl chloride

Explanation:
1. PCl5 replaces the OH of the carboxyl group by Cl.
2. Formyl chloride is unstable and soon decomposes to CO and HCl.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 12: Which reagent gives acetyl chloride from acetic acid with only gaseous by-products (SO2 and HCl)?
(a) CH3COOH + SOCl2
(b) CH3COOH + PCl3
(c) CH3COONa + PCl3
(d) CH3COOH + CH3OH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3COOH + SOCl2

Explanation:
1. CH3COOH + SOCl2 → CH3COCl + SO2 + HCl.
2. Both by-products escape as gases, leaving a clean product.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 13: The Tischenko reaction gives an ester from an aldehyde in the presence of
(a) LiAlH4
(b) N-bromosuccinimide
(c) Al(OC2H5)3
(d) Zn-Hg/HCl
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) Al(OC2H5)3

Explanation:
1. Two molecules of an aldehyde with aluminium ethoxide give an ester, for example 2 CH3CHO → CH3COOC2H5.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 14: Acetic acid is obtained when
(a) methyl alcohol is oxidised with potassium permanganate
(b) calcium acetate is distilled with calcium formate
(c) acetaldehyde is oxidised with potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid
(d) glycerol is heated with sulphuric acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) acetaldehyde is oxidised with potassium dichromate and sulphuric acid

Explanation:
1. CH3CHO → CH3COOH on oxidation.
2. Methanol gives formic acid, calcium acetate with formate gives acetaldehyde and glycerol with sulphuric acid gives acrolein.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 15: Acetic acid is manufactured by the fermentation of
(a) ethanol
(b) methanol
(c) ethanal
(d) methanal
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) ethanol

Explanation:
1. Acetobacter in air oxidises ethanol to acetic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 16: CO + NaOH (under pressure, heat) gives
(a) HCOONa
(b) C2H2O4
(c) HCOOH
(d) CH3COOH
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) HCOONa

Explanation:
1. Carbon monoxide combines with NaOH at about 200°C and high pressure to give sodium formate.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 17: Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane to form
(a) amine
(b) alcohol
(c) ester
(d) amide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) ester

Explanation:
1. RCOOH + CH2N2 → RCOOCH3 + N2, a mild methylation giving the methyl ester.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 18: C2H2 → (1% HgSO4, H2SO4) A → [O] B. B is
(a) an acid
(b) an aldehyde
(c) a ketone
(d) ethanol
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) an acid

Explanation:
1. Hydration of ethyne gives acetaldehyde (A).
2. Oxidation of acetaldehyde gives acetic acid (B).

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 19: The Reimer-Tiemann reaction involves
(a) a carbonium ion intermediate
(b) a carbene intermediate
(c) a carbanion intermediate
(d) a free radical intermediate
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) a carbene intermediate

Explanation:
1. Chloroform with base gives dichlorocarbene, :CCl2, the electrophile that attacks the phenoxide ring.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 20: CH3Cl → (KCN) A → (H2O) B → (NH3) C → (heat) D. The product D is
(a) CH3CH2NH2
(b) CH3CN
(c) HCONH2
(d) CH3CONH2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) CH3CONH2

Explanation:
1. A = CH3CN; B = CH3COOH; C = CH3COONH4.
2. Heating ammonium acetate loses water to give acetamide, D = CH3CONH2.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 21: Which of the following forms acetic acid on hydrolysis?
(a) CH3CN
(b) CH3OH
(c) C2H5OH
(d) C2H5NH2
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CH3CN

Explanation:
1. Nitriles hydrolyse to carboxylic acids: CH3CN → CH3COOH + NH3.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 22: When benzyl alcohol is oxidised with KMnO4 the product is
(a) benzaldehyde
(b) benzoic acid
(c) CO2 and H2O
(d) none of these
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (b) benzoic acid

Explanation:
1. Strong oxidising agents take a primary alcohol all the way to the carboxylic acid: C6H5CH2OH → C6H5COOH.

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

Question 23: Which of the following gives benzoic acid on oxidation?
(a) chlorophenol
(b) chlorotoluene
(c) chlorobenzene
(d) benzyl chloride
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (d) benzyl chloride

Explanation:
1. Benzyl chloride has a single side-chain carbon bearing the halogen, and vigorous oxidation converts it to C6H5COOH.
2. Chlorotoluene would give chlorobenzoic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Count carbons before and after the reaction to avoid mistakes in chain-length changes.
2. Check whether the reagent is a reducing, oxidising or dehydrating agent before choosing the product.

Question 24: In the sequence (CH3)2CO → (NaCN) A → (H3O+) B, A and B are
(a) (CH3)2C(OH)CN and (CH3)2C(OH)COOH
(b) (CH3)2C(OH)CN and (CH3)2C(OH)2
(c) (CH3)2C(OH)CN and (CH3)2CHCOOH
(d) (CH3)2C(OH)CN and (CH3)2C=O
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) (CH3)2C(OH)CN and (CH3)2C(OH)COOH

Explanation:
1. Acetone with HCN or NaCN gives the cyanohydrin A.
2. Acid hydrolysis converts CN to COOH, giving 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Eliminate options by checking functional groups on both sides of the reaction.
2. Only one option will have the correct functional group and carbon skeleton.

Question 25: Two moles of acetic acid are heated with P2O5. The product is
(a) two moles of ethyl alcohol
(b) formic anhydride
(c) acetic anhydride
(d) two moles of methyl cyanide
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) acetic anhydride

Explanation:
1. P2O5 removes one molecule of water from two molecules of acid.
2. The product is acetic anhydride, (CH3CO)2O.

Teacher's Note:
1. Revise the physical properties such as hydrogen bonding and boiling points together with the chemistry.
2. Compare similar compounds in pairs when you are asked to rank them.

Question 26: Formic acid is obtained when
(a) calcium acetate is heated with conc. H2SO4
(b) calcium formate is heated with calcium acetate
(c) glycerol is heated with oxalic acid at 110°C
(d) acetaldehyde is oxidised with K2Cr2O7 and H2SO4
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) glycerol is heated with oxalic acid at 110°C

Explanation:
1. Oxalic acid with glycerol at 110°C gives glyceryl oxalate, which loses CO2 to give glyceryl monoformate, hydrolysed to formic acid.

Teacher's Note:
1. Learn the reactivity order of acid derivatives: acyl chloride, anhydride, ester, amide.
2. Most questions of this type are solved by recalling the standard reagent and product pair.

Question 27: Acetyl chloride cannot be obtained by treating acetic acid with
(a) CHCl3
(b) SOCl2
(c) PCl3
(d) PCl5
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (a) CHCl3

Explanation:
1. SOCl2, PCl3 and PCl5 all convert COOH to COCl.
2. Chloroform is not a chlorinating agent for this.

Teacher's Note:
1. Always link acid strength to the stability of the carboxylate ion.
2. Electron-withdrawing groups increase acidity and electron-donating groups decrease it.

Question 28: o-Xylene, when oxidised in the presence of V2O5, gives
(a) benzoic acid
(b) phenylacetic acid
(c) phthalic acid
(d) acetic acid
Show Answer & Explanation

Answer: (c) phthalic acid

Explanation:
1. Both methyl groups are oxidised to COOH, giving phthalic acid (as its anhydride under vapour-phase conditions).

Teacher's Note:
1. Note the name reaction and write its equation once in your notebook.
2. Such one-step recall questions are common in the JEE and NEET style papers.

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