CBSE Class 10 Social Science Development VBQs

Question. Arrange the following countries in the correct increasing sequence of life expectancy at birth as per HDR (Human Development Report) 2018.
(i) Myanmar
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) India
Options –
(A) i-ii-iii-iv
(B) ii-iv-i-iii
(C) i-iii-ii-iv
(D) ii-iii-i-iv
Answer : (B)

Question. What does HDI stands for?
(a) Human Development Index
(b) Human Development Indicator
(c) High Development Index
(d) Hampered Development Index
Answer : (a) Human Development Index

Question. Which of the following is the best way to measure the development status of a country?
(a) Number of cities in a country
(b) Per capita income
(c) Number of IT sector jobs in a country
(d) Inflation
Answer : (b) Per capita income

Question. Read the given data and find out which country has most equitable distribution of income. (932)
(a) Country A
(b) Country B
(c) Country C
(d) Country D
Answer : (a) Country A

Question. Which of the following best defines sustainable development?
(a) Sustainable development refers to the promotion of international trade so that the world doesn’t have to face scarcity of resources because of geographical constraints.
(b) Sustainable development refers to ensuring Pareto efficiency in the countries so that resources are optimally allocated, and it is not possible to reallocate resources to make some one better off without making someone else worse off. 
(c) Sustainable development refers to meeting human development goals while maintaining the ability of natural systems to provide and replenish natural resources upon which the economy is dependent. 
(d) Sustainable development refers to ensuring that no individual, firm or country can become a free rider,i.e., no one can benefit from resources without paying for them.
Answer : (c) Sustainable development refers to meeting human development goals while maintaining the ability of natural systems to provide and replenish natural resources upon which the economy is dependent.

Question. Which of the following is a drawback of using average income as a measure of development?
(a) Average income does not indicate the disparity in income level.
(b) Calculation of average income is a tedious process.
(c) Average income is always lower than the actual income of people.
(d) Average income fails to indicate the economic stability of a country.
Answer : (a) Average income does not indicate the disparity in income level.

Question. In addition to the level of income which of the following measures are important for measuring the development status of a nation?
(a) Literacy level and health facilities
(b) Bond prices and stock prices
(c) Inflation level
(d) Interest level
Answer : (a) Literacy level and health facilities

Question. India is endowed with rich natural resources and huge manpower but due to lack of capital and technology,the resources can’t be exploited and utilized.
Answer : True

Question. The country which have a very wide industrial sector based on modern technology are developed country.
The people there have high standard of living and better quality of life. 
Answer : True

Question. Enterprises are owned by the public sector in order to make profit and ensure economic development.
Answer : False

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question. Assertion : A country that was extremely rich in natural resources has mainly relied on oil extraction for revenue generation for several centuries. However, the scientists predict that the country may become poor in the future if other means of generating income are not devised. Reason : Oil is a non-renewable resource, and it is likely to get exhausted if not used judiciously.
Answer : (a) If the country has relied on oil extraction for several centuries, it is likely that the country’s oil wells may start drying up as oil is a non-renewable source of energy. So, if the country would not find a substitute method of generating income, then the pressure on oil wells will increase and the country is likely to become poor in absence of oil.

Question. Assertion : Suppose the literacy rate in a state is 78% and the Net Attendance Ratio in secondary stage is 47%.
Reason : More than half of the students are going to other states for elementary education.
Answer : (c) Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. If the students were going to other states for higher education, the total students available in the state would go down and the Net Attendance Ratio would not be so low. The low Net Attendance Ratio is indicative of students dropping out of elementary school.

Question. Assertion : A state has a per capita income of ` 2, 25, 000 per annum. The infant mortality rate in the state is 62%. So, the state cannot be considered a developed state. Reason : There are medical facilities in the state, but people fail to take their children to hospital in time.
Answer : (c) The assertion is true; however, the reason is false because if the parents are earning well and medical facilities are available, then they would definitely take their child for timely treatment. Also, some parents may fail to do so, but not so many that the infant mortality rate would be as high as 62%.

Question. Assertion : A high average income is not indicative of the overall well-being or human development in a country.
Reason : Average income does not cover indicators like level of literacy rate, health facilities and public facilities in a country.
Answer : (a) Higher average income is not the only indicator of human development in a country. Factors like level of literacy rate, health facilities and public facilities are also important.

Question. Assertion : A small town has a high rate of robbery; however, a locality in this town has well-maintained law and order. Reason : The people in the locality are aware of the importance of having security guards, and they collectively pay to have the security guards in the locality.
Answer : (a) It is cheaper to have collective security for the entire locality than having a security man for each house. Also, if people have their personal security guards in certain parts of a locality, the robbery can still happen in houses without a security man. Therefore, paying for the collective benefit of the society helps to resolve issues.

Source/Extract Based Questions

Read the extract given below and answer the following questions.
Besides seeking more income, one-way or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All these are important goals. In fact,in some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods are not all that you need to live. Money, or
material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things mentioned above.
If it is not obvious to you, then just think of the role of your friends in your life. You may desire the friendship. 

Similarly, there are many things that are not easily measured but they mean a lot to our lives. These are often ignored. However, it will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.
Consider another example. If you get a job in a far off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security.
Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals. It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases. However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also about other important things in life.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

Question. Which of the following is the best way to measure the development status of a country?
(a) Number of cities in a country
(b) Per capital income
(c) Number of IT sector jobs in a country
(d) Inflation
Answer : (b) Per Capital Income.

Question. Which of the following is true for a renewable resource?
(a) Renewable resources can never be overused as they are in abundance.
(b) Renewable resources are replenished by the nature over a period of time.
(c) Renewable resources are fixed, and they are bound to get exhausted.
(d) Renewable resources are available only in developed nations.
Answer : (b) Renewable resources are replenished by the nature over a period of time.

Question. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is `5000. If the income of three families is `4000, `7000 and `3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(a) `7500
(b) `3000
(c) `2000
(d) `6000
Answer : (d) `6000.

Question. Which of the following is true of development?
(a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.
(b) The notion of development can never be conflicting for people from different sections of society.
(c) The notion of development always go hand in hand for industrialists and tribal people.
(d) The notion of development is only associated to higher income.
Answer : (a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions.
However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such an useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports,brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying
countries. Countries with per capita income of US$ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ 955 or less are called low-income countries. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its  per capita income in 2017 was just US$ 1820 per annum.
The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. The passage given above suits which one of the following title?
(a) Development comparison
(b) Measurement of development
(c) Development
(d) None of the above
Answer : (b) Measurement of development

Question. Which of the following is true of development?
(a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.
(b) The notion of development can never be conflicting for people from different sections of society.
(c) The notion of development always go hand in hand for industrialists and tribal people.
(d) The notion of development is only associated to higher income.
Answer : (a) The notion of development is different for people from different sections of society.

Question. Which of the following is a drawback of using average income as a measure of development?
(a) Average income does not indicate the disparity in income level.
(b) Calculation of average income is a tedious process.
(c) Average income is always lower than the actual income of people.
(d) Average income fails to indicate the economic stability of a country.
Answer : (a) Average income does not indicate the disparity in income level.

Question. In addition to the level of income which of the following measures are important for measuring the development status of a nation?
(a) Literacy level and health facilities
(b) Bond prices and stock prices
(c) Inflation level
(d) Interest level
Answer : (a) Literacy level and health facilities.

Read the extract and answer the questions that follows :
Sustainability is the capacity to use the resource judiciously and maintain the ecological balance. Every generations wants to get maximum benefits from the available resources but such a thing would be quite disastrous because the available resources shall be exhausted within a short time and the future generations will be deprived of these resources. The issue of sustainability is important for development because development must be in relation with the future if natural resources are not sustained, development will stagnate after a point of time.

Question. What is a Economic development ?
Answer : Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, social and political well being of its people.

Question. What is sustainable development ?
Answer : Sustainable development means judicious use of resources for carrying out development activities so that the needs of present generations can be fulfilled without hampering the needs of future generations.

Question. Why sustainable development is important issue for development ?
Answer : Issue of sustainable development is important for development because of natural resources are not sustained, development will stagnate after a point of time.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Which state of India has the lowest infant mortality rate?
Answer : Kerala

Question. Define GDP.
Answer : GDP or Gross Domestic Product is the total value of all final goods and services produced during a particular year in a country.

Question. What term is used to describe the „average number of years a person is expected to live at birth‟?
Answer : Life Expectancy

Question. Why is the total income of countries not used to make comparisons between them?
Answer : The total income of countries is not used to make comparisons between them, because the population of different countries is different and does not give a clear picture if comparisons are made on this basis.

Question. Define the term National Income?
Answer : National income is defined as the total value of all final goods and services produced with a country plus net income from transactions like (export and import) with other countries.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Mention any four characteristics of Development.
Answer : Development is linked with the desire to improve the present condition.
ii) Development involves thinking about the ways in which we can work towards achieving our desired goals.
iii) There can be different development goals for different persons.
iv) Development for one may not be development for others.

Question. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Punjab. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare States. Do you agree?
Answer : Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all to measure the human development ranking of a state. High per capita income is not the only attribute to a good quality life.
Money cannot buy all the essential things required for a good life. Pollution-free atmosphere
to ensure good health, protection from infectious diseases, lowering of mortality rate, promotion of literacy, etc. are essential for a good standard of living. In order to achieve these, joint efforts have to be made by all members of a community, be it rich or poor. Kerala ranks higher compared to Punjab even with a lower per capita income because— mortality rate is lower literacy rate is higher and total number of children attending school (Classes I- V) is higher.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. What do you mean by public facilities ? Why are they important?
Answer : Public facilities are the facilities provided by the government either free of cost or at very low price for the welfare of the people like schools , health centres, public transport etc.
The importance of these facilities is to make it available to everyone for use . Four major facilities are as follows;
1. Basic Education: Government provides school and other educational facilities like chair, books etc to be used by the public. But its use and performance is depended on collective response and community cooperation.
2. Basic health facilities : Government provides hospitals, Vaccine programmes to maintain basic quality of life.
3. Law and order facility/Security : It is the duty of the government to ensure law and order and provide security in order to maintain peace in the country.
4. Provide for Public Distribution System : Government opens PDS shops or ration shops through which it supplies basic food items like rice, wheat, pulses, etc at very low price /subsidised rate to the lower income groups or poor people. Other facilities are infrastructure facilities like road, irrigation projects drinking water supplies in urban areas etc.

Question. “Money cannot buy all the goods and services that one needs to live well” Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer with any three suitable arguments.
Answer : Yes, I agree with the statement because money income and material goods alone are not an adequate indicator of a good quality of life. Money cannot buy all the goods and services one needs to live well. Money cannot buy pollution free and dean environment with fresh air. It cannot protect us from infectious diseases and guarantee good health for us. Money cannot assure that medicines available in the market are not adulterated. To live well one needs non-material factors such as equal treatment, freedom, security, equal opportunity to learn, a pollution free environment, good and safe working conditions etc.