CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life Questions Answers

Question. Tranquilisers are substances used for the treatment of :
a. Cancer
b. AIDS
c. Mental diseases
d. Physical disorders
Answer : C

Question. The major factor in causing global warming is:
a. Increase in oxygen concentration in atmosphere
b. Decrease in carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere
c. Increase in carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere
d. Decrease in atmospheric nitrogen
Answer : D

Question. Lichens are important in the studies on atmospheric pollution because they:
a. Can grow in polluted atmosphere
b. Can readily multiply in polluted atmosphere
c. Efficiently purify the atmosphere
d. Are very sensitive to pollutants like sulphur dioxide
Answer : C

Question. Acid rain is caused by or recent reports of acid rain in some industrial cities are due to the effect of atmospheric pollution by:
a. Excessive release of CO₂ by burning of fuels like wood and charcoal, cutting of forests and increased animal population
b. Excessive release of NO₂ and SO₂ in atmosphere by burning of fossil fuel
c. Excessive release of NH₃ by industrial plants and coal gas
d. Excessive release of CO in atmosphere by incomplete combustion of coke, charcoal and other carbonaceous fuel in paucity of oxygen
Answer : D

Question. Alizarin gives a red colour by mordanting it with the sulphate of a metal. The metal ion involved is:
a. Cr³⁺
b. Fe³⁺
c. Al³⁺
d. Sn²⁺
Answer : C

Question. Man–engineered ecosystem is:
a. Forest
b. Grassland
c. Cropland
d. Marine
Answer : C

Question. Which one of the following statement is not true?
a. Oxides of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon are the most widespread air pollutant.
b. pH of drinking water should be between 5.5 and 9.5.
c. Concentration of DO below 6 ppm is good for the growth of fish.
d. Clean water would have a BOD value of less than 5 ppm
Answer : C

Question. Which of the following represents a synthetic detergent?

Answer : C

Question. How carbon monoxide, emitted by automobiles, prevents transport of oxygen in the body tissues:
a. By changing oxygen into carbon dioxide
b. By destroying the haemoglobin
c. By forming a stable compound with haemoglobin
d. By obstructing the reaction of oxygen with haemoglobin
Answer : C

Question. Among the following analgesics, select the odd one:
a. Codeine
b. Morphine
c. Aspirin
d. Heroin
Answer : C

Question. The gas leaked from a storage tank of the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal gas tragedy was:
a. Ammonia
b. Phosgene
c. Methylisocyanate
d. Methylamine
Answer : C

Question. Which one of the following statement regarding photochemical smog is not correct?
a. Photochemical smog is formed through photochemical reaction involving solar energy.
b. Photochemical smog does not cause irritation in eyes and throat.
c. Carbon monoxide does not play any role in photochemical smog fraction.
d. Photochemical smog is an oxidizing agent in character.
Answer : B

Question. Select the correct statements:
a. 2-3% alcohol-water mixture is known as tincture of iodine.
b. Iodoform solution is antiseptic for wounds.
c. Boric acid solution is antiseptic for eyes.
d. All of these
Answer : D

Question. Identify the wrong statement among the following?
a. Chlorofluorocarbons are responsible for ozone layer depletion.
b. Green house effect is responsible for global warming.
c. Ozone layer does not permit infrared radiation from the sun to reach the earth.
d. Acid rain is mostly because of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.
Answer : C

Question. When rain is accompanied by a thunderstorm, the collected rain water will have a pH value:
a. Which depends upon the amount of dust in air
b. Slightly lower than that when rain water is without thunderstorm
c. Slightly higher than that when the thunderstorm is not there
d. Uninfluenced by occurrence of thunderstorm
Answer : B

Question. Drugs which do not bind to the enzyme’s active site, but to different site. This different site is called:
a. Inhibition Site
b. Competitive Site
c. Allosteric Site
d. None of these
Answer : C

Question. Among the following, which is not a traquilizer?
a. Noradrenaline
b. Chlordiazepoxide
c. Meprobamate
d. All are tranquilizers
Answer : D

Question. Morphine narcotic are obtained from:
a. Opium
b. Avena
c. Datura
d. All of these
Answer : A

Question. Select the correct statement:
a. Enzymes are proteins in nature and are biological catalysts
b. Proteins which help in communication are called receptors
c. Polar molecules across the cell membrane are called carrier proteins
d. All are correct
Answer : D

Question. Select the correct statement:
a. Antagonists are the substances which inhibit the natural function of receptor site.
b. Agonists are the drugs that mimic the natural messenger by switching on the receptor
c. Substrates may bind to active site of enzyme through a variety of interactions such as ionic bonding, H-bonding, van dar wasls interaction or dipole-diople interaction.
d. All of these
Answer : D

Assertion and Reason

Note: Read the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below:
a. If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
b. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c. If assertion is true but reason is false.
d. If the assertion and reason both are false.
e. If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question. Assertion: Individual is the unit of Ecology.
Reason: Biome occurs at the top of ecological hierarchy.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion: Relationship between sea anemone and hermit crab is said to be an example of obligate mutualism.
Reason: Obligate mutualism is a positive (beneficial) interaction between two species.
Answer : E

Question. Assertion: Speciation is always a very slow process.
Reason: Genetic drift is one of the causes for speciation.
Answer : E

Question. Assertion: Removal of keystone species doesn’t cause any serious disruption in the functioning of the community.
Reason: Keystone species are low in abundance (or biomass) than the dominant species.
Answer : D

Question. Assertion: In S-shaped growth form, the population may abruptly crash after attaining a peak value.
Reason: Exponential growth cannot be sustained infinitely due to environmental resistance.
Answer : E

Question. Assertion: α,β and γ rays emit by disintegration of atomic nuclei of radioactive elements.
Reason: Nuclear fallout is shown by radioactive elements.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion: Microclimate generally differs from the prevailing regional climatic conditions.
Reason: Microclimate represents the climatic conditions that prevail at local scale or in areas of limited size.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion: Biotic community has higher position than population in ecological hierarchy.
Reason: Population of similar individuals remains isolated in the community.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion: Ecological equivalents possess similar types of adaptations.
Reason: Ecological niche is the total interaction of a species with environment.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion: The main cause of Bhopal gas tragedy was phosgene.
Reason: Phosgene is a volatile liquid.
Answer : E

Question. Assertion: CO₂ causes green house effect.
Reason: Other gases do not show such effect.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion: Tetracyclin is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
Reason: Tetracyclin is effective against a number of types of bacteria, large viruses and typhus fever.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion: Methylmercury is a highly persistent kind of pollutant that accumulates in food chains.
Reason: Mercury pollution is responsible for Minamata disease.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion: Water pollutants are measured by BOD.
Reason: If BOD is more, the water is polluted.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion: Climate is said to entail the short term properties of the atmosphere (such as temperature, rainfall etc.) at a given place and time.
Reason: Temperature and rainfall are the most important factors which determine the climate of an area.
Answer : E

Question. Assertion: Heliophytes, generally have low photosynthetic, respiratory and metabolic activities.
Reason: This is an adaptation of heliophytes to high intensity of light.
Answer : D

Question. Assertion: Fluorescein is an adsorption indicator.
Reason: Fluorescein indicator is a dye.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion: Antiseptics are applied to living tissues.
Reason: Iodine is a powerful antiseptic.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion: The drugs which act on the central nervous system and help in reducing anxiety are called antibiotics.
Reason: Pencillin is an antibiotic.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion: Equanil is a tranquilizer.
Reason: Equanil is used to cure depression and hypertension.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion: Sedatives are given to patients who are mentally agitated and violent.
Reason: Sedatives are used to suppress the activities central nervous system.
Answer : A

Match the Column

Question. Match the following:

a. A→2, B→3, C→4, D→1
b. A→2, B→1, C→3, D→4
c. A→2, B→1, C→4, D→3
d. A→4, B→3, C→1, D→2
Answer : C

Question. Match the following and choose the correct combinations from the options given:

a. A→4, B→3, C→2, D→1
b. A→1, B→3, C→2, D→4
c. A→2, B→3, C→4,
D→1 d. A→3, B→2, C→4, D→1
Answer : D

Integer

Question. How many of the following compounds are gaseous air pollutants?
(i) CO (ii) NO (iii) NO₂ (iv) CO₂ (v) SO₂ (vi) H₂S (vii)
SO₃ (viii) O₃ (ix) Fumes (x) Smoke
Answer : 8

Question. The co-existence of biotic components and abiotic components is called an ecosystem. How many of the following are abiotic components?
(i) Micro-organisms (ii) Animals (iii) Plants (iv) CO₂ (v) N₂
(vi) S (vii) P (viii) Proteins (ix) Carbohydrates (x) Temperature (xii) Humidity
Answer : 8

Question. How many of the following compounds are barbituric acid derivative tranquilizers?
(i) Barbital (ii) Meprobamate (iii) Equanil (iv) Luminal
(v) Seconal (vi) Valium (vii) Serotonin (viii) Chlordiazepoxide.
Answer : 3

Question. How many gaseous species are present in mesosphere and thermosphere?
(i) O₂^⊕ (ii) O⁻²₂ (iii) 2 O⁻₂ (iv) NO^⊕ (v) N₂^⊕ (vi) Atoms of C
(vii) O^⊕ (viii) Atoms of N(ix) Atoms of S (x) Atoms of O
Answer : 6

Question. How many gases are responsible for green house effect?
(i) CO₂ (ii) CO (iii) CH₄ (iv) N₂O (v) NO (vi) NO₂
(vii) Chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) (viii) O₃ (ix) Water vapours (x) SO₂
Answer : 6

Question. How many acids are present in acid rain?
(i) H₂CO₃ (ii) HClO₄ (iii) H₂SO₄ (iv) HNO₃
(v) HCl (vi) H₃PO₄ (vii) CH₃COOH
Answer : 3

Question. How many of the following compounds are broad spectrum antibiotics?
(i) Penicillin F (ii) Penicillin K (iii) Tetracycline
(iv) Ampicillin (v) Amoxycillin (vi) Chloramhenicol
(vii) Vancomycin (viii) Ofloxacin (ix) Dysidazinine
Answer : 6

vHow many of the following compounds are neurotransmitters (chemical messangers)?
(i) Noradrenaline (ii) Dopamine (iii) Serotonin
(vi) Adrenaline (v) Acetycholine
Answer : 4

Question. How many of the following compounds are antipyretics?
(i) Morphine (ii) Codeine (iii) Heroin (iv) Aspirin
(v) Phenacetin (v) Paracetamol (vii) Ibuprofen
(viii) Diclofenac sodium (ix) Naproxen (x) Novalgin
Answer : 4

Question. How many of the following compounds are artificial sweeteners?
(i) BHT (ii) BHA (iii) Histamine (IC) Aspartame
(v) Sucralose (vi) Alitame (vii)Saccharin (viii) Ranitidine (zantac) (ix) sodium benzoate (x) Salts of sorbic acid.
Answer : 4

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Q1.Name two types of chemical messengers.

Ans: Neurotransmitters & Hormones

Q2. Name the antibiotic used in typhoid fever.

Ans: Chloramphenicol

Q3.Name a Broad spectrum Antibiotic.

Ans;Chloramphenicol

Q4. Name the Medicine which can act as analgesic as well as antipyretic .,

Ans: Aspirin

Q5. Name the constituents of Dettol.

Ans; Chlroxylenol&terpineol

Q6. Why is Ethanal added to Soap ?

Ans: To make it transparent

Q7. Name an ant acid which prevent the formation of acid in the stomach.

Ans : Ranitidine

Q8. Why is glycerol is added to shaving soap?

Ans: To prevent rapid drying.

Q9. Give an example of bacteriocidal antibiotic.

Ans: Penicillin

Q10.Name a drug used in mental depression .

Ans: Equanil

Q11. Name a few artificial sweatners

Ans: Saccharin & Aspartame

Q12. What type drugh is phenacetine?

Ans: Antibiotic

Q13.What are pathogens?

Ans; Disease causing organisms.

Q14.Name two Narcotics which are used as analgesics >

Ans: Morphine & Codeine

Q15. What is Chemotherapy?

Ans: Use of chemical for treatment of disease .

Q16. Mention a few drug targets .

Ans: Carbohydratyes, Lipids , Proteins & Nucleic Acids .

Q17. Define a Tanquilizer.

Ans: Drug which act on CNS to help in reducing anxiety.

Q18.Define Soap .

Ans: Soap is a Sodium or Potassium salt of Fatty Acids

Q19.Why are detergents preferred over soaps ?

Ans: Unlike soaps detergents can be used even in hard water.

Q20.What is a Bacteriostatic drug ?

Ans: A drug which inhibit the growth of disease causing organisms.

 Chemistry in everyday life

Section A (One Mark Question)

1. Name a drug which is an analgesic and antipyretic?

A: aspirin

2. Elucidate the structural differences between biodegradable and non- bio degradable detergent?

A: Biodegradable detergents have straight chains Eg:sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.Nonbiodegradable detergents have branched chains Eg:sodium(1,3,5,7- tetramethyloctyl)benzene sulphonate.

3. Why are ranitidine and cimetidine better antacids than sodium bicarbonate?

A: Sodium bicarbonate if taken in excess makes the stomach alkaline and thus more HCl is released which causes ulcers. Whereas ranitidine prevent the interaction of histamineinthe stomach wall and thus lesser release of HCl.

4. Though saccharin is 550 times sweeter than sugar it is used as a sweetening agent by diabetic patient. Why?

A: as it is eliminated in urine and provide less calorie.

5. Distinguish between drugs and medicine.

A: Drugs have addictive action but medicine is not addictive in nature.

6. If water contains (CaHCO3)2,out of soap and detergent which one will you choose for cleaning clothes.?

A: Calcium ion forms scum, hence detergents are preferred.

7. Why cationic detergent has limited use?

A: they are quarternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides, bromides. As they have germicidal properties and are expensive so are of limited use.

8. While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamine. Why do not interfere with the function of each other?Explain.

A: As they work on different receptors .eg release of histamine causes allergy and also causes acidity due to release of HCl.But antihistamine removes allergy while antacids remove acidic.

9. Aspirin helps in prevention of heart attack.

A: Due to its anti-blood clotting action.

9. Give One example of drugs used as antiseptics and disinfectants.?

A: 0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic while its one % solution disinfectant.

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