CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources Worksheet

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources Worksheet. Students and teachers of Class 10 Social Science can get free printable Worksheets for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources in PDF format prepared as per the latest syllabus and examination pattern in your schools. Class 10 students should practice questions and answers given here for Social Science in Class 10 which will help them to improve your knowledge of all important chapters and its topics. Students should also download free pdf of Class 10 Social Science Worksheets prepared by school teachers as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books and syllabus issued this academic year and solve important problems with solutions on daily basis to get more score in school exams and tests

Worksheet for Class 10 Social Science Contemporary India Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Class 10 Social Science students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf for Contemporary India Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 10 Social Science Worksheet for Contemporary India Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : Study the picture and answer the question that follows :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_6

Which gas plant is this ?
(a) Thermal power plant
(b) Nuclear power plant
(c) Biogas power plant
(d) Solar plant
Answer : C

Question : How many minerals are identified yet ?
(a) 1000
(b) Over 2000
(c) 3000
(d) Over 3000
Answer : B

Question : Rocks are combinations of homogeneous substances called _______________ .
(a) Minerals
(b) Ores
(c) Limestone
(d) Metals
Answer : A

Question : Study the picture and answer the question that follows :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_7

Which of the following best signifies the above image ?
(a) Biogas Plant
(b) Wind Mills
(c) Coal Mine
(d) Bauxite Mine
Answer : A

Question : _____________ is a low grade brown coal which is soft with high moisture content.
(a) Bituminous
(b) Anthracite
(c) Metallurgical
(d) Lignite
Answer : D

Question : Igneous, metamorphic rocks and minerals may occur in the _______________ .
(a) Cracks
(b) Crevices
(c) Faults or Joints
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question : In which areas sedimentary minerals are formed as a result of evaporation ?
(a) Semi-arid regions
(b) Dry regions
(c) Arid regions
(d) Moist regions
Answer : C

Question : _____________ deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates. 
(a) Bauxite
(b) Copper
(c) Mica
(d) Zinc
Answer : A

Question : Which mineral contains calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate ?
(a) Manganese
(b) Limestone
(c) Mica
(d) Iron
Answer : B

Question :  Which one of the following minerals is used to harden steel during its manufacturing?
(a) Iron ore   
(b) Coking coal 
(c) Manganese 
(d) Limestone 

Answer : C
 
Question : Which minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals? 
(a) non-ferrous
(b) ferrous
(c) rock minerals
(d) coal
Answer : B
Explanation: Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries.India exports substantial quantitiesof ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands. 
 
Question :_________ is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates.
(a) Limestone
(b) iron
(c) bauxite
(d) coal
Answer : A
Explanation: Limestone is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates. It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations. Limestone is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace.
 
Question : Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material? 
(a) gold
(b) bauxite
(c) zinc
(d) coal
Answer : B
Explanation: Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks which are rich in aluminium silicates, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.
 
 

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question : Assertion : Geological processes of mineral formation is slow.
Reason : Minerals resources are consumed way quickly than they are formed.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Developed resources are surveyed and their quality and quantity are determined.
Reason : Tamil Nadu and Gujarat have enormous potential for wind and solar energy.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Increased use of fossil fuels creates a healthy environment.
Reason : Fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas are arduously obtained from natural resources.
Answer : (d) A is false but R is true.

Question : Assertion : Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of India.
Reason : India is rich in good quality iron ore.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question : Assertion : Thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Reason : Coal is a bulky material.
Answer : (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

 

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : How are bauxite deposits formed?
Answer : Bauxite deposits are formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.

Question : Which place is the most suitable for setting up tidal energy power plant in India ?
Answer : In India, the Gulf of Kachchh provides ideal conditions for utilizing tidal energy. A 900 MW tidal energy power plant is set up here by the National Hydropower Corporation.

Question : Match the following items given in column A with those in column B.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_8

Answer : (a) 4, (b) 3, (c) 2, (d) 1

Question : What are the properties of mica ?
Answer : Mica is a mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It splits easily into thin sheets. These sheets can be so thin that a thousand such sheets can be layered into a mica sheet of a few centimetres high.

Question : What does a geologist do ?
Answer : A geologist studies the formation of minerals, their age and their physical and chemical composition.

Question : Why do Geographers study minerals ?
Answer : Geographers study minerals as a part of the earth's crust for a better understanding of landforms.

Question : Where are mica deposits found ?
Answer : Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of Chhota Nagpur Plateau, Rajasthan. Koderma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer.

Question : Choose the correct option from columns A and B.

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_9

Answer : 

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_10

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_11

Question : How can you classify the energy resources ?
Answer : The energy resources can be classified into two types -
Conventional sources and Non-Conventional sources.
Conventional sources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, firewood cattle dung.
Non-Conventional sources are wind, tidal, solar, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.

Question : How does electricity get generated ?
Answer : Electricity is generated mainly in two ways : by running water which drives hydro turbines to generate hydroelectricity and by burning other fuels to drive turbines to produce thermal power.

Question : State the twin benefits of gobar gas plant to farmers.
Answer : Gobar gas plants provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of energy and improved quality of manure. It prevents the loss of trees and manure due to burning of fuel wood and cow dung cakes.

Question : How are bauxite deposits formed ?
OR
How is bauxite obtained ?
Answer : Bauxite is formed by the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.

Question : Where is bauxite found ?
Answer : India's bauxite deposits are mainly found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni.

Question : How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks? 
Answer : In sedimentary rocks , minerals occur in beds and layers. 
  
Question : Why aluminium metal has great importance? 
Answer : Aluminium metal combines the properties of great strength, lightness, malleability and conductivity
 
Question :  Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals? 
Answer : The varied colours found in minerals are due to its chemical composition, and the parameters such as temperature, pressure, rate of cooling etc., present during its formation. 
 
Question :  How are 'Gobar Gas Plants' beneficial to the farmers?
Answer :  Gobar Gas Plant are beneficial to the farmers by two ways. It provides a clean fuel for domestic cooking and lighting. It also provides high quality manure.
 
Question : What is an ore? 
Answer : The term ore is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.
 
Question : Give a list of minerals found in placer deposits. 
Answer : Gold, silver, Tin, and Platinum are cassiterite, magnetite, chromite, ilmenite, rutile, native copper, zircon, monazite are important minerals found in placer deposits.
 
 

 

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : How do decomposition and weathering influence formation of minerals? Name a mineral formed due to decomposition and weathering. 
Answer : Decomposition and weathering influence formation of minerals. Decomposition involves reduction of surface rocks under the effect of pressure, temperature and humidity. WHereas, due to weathering effects of wind and water the soluble constituents are removed, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores.
Bauxite is formed due to decomposition and weathering.
 
Question : Study the given chart carefully and answer the following questions:
a. Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India?
b. What is the use of manganese?
c. What is the share of Madhya Pradesh in the production of manganese ore?
imag-2
Answer : i. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ore in India.
ii. Manganese is mainly used in the manufacture of steel.
iii. Madhya Pradesh produces about 22% of the total manganese.
 
Question :  How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.
Answer : The mining activity is injurious to the health of the miners and environment as :
(a) The dust and toxic fumes can cause pulmonary disease to the miners.
(b) The roofs and walls of the mines have a risk of collapsing.
(c) Flooding or fire are a great risk in mines.
(d) The water bodies in the region get contaminated by mineral dust.
(e) Dumping of waste and slurry degrades the land. 
 
Question :  Why is energy required for all activities? How can energy by generated? Explain.
Answer : (i) Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
(ii) Every sector of the national economy needs input of energy.
(iii) Consumption of energy in all forms has been steadily rising all over the country.
(iv) Rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortage have raised uncertainities about the security of energy supply in future. Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity. 

Question : What do you understand by Tidal energy ? Which area provides suitable conditions for using it ?
Answer : Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. After the tide falls outside the floodgate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through a power generating turbine. In India, the Gulf of Kachchh provides ideal conditions for utilising tidal energy. A 900 MW tidal energy power plant is set up here by the National Hydropower Corporation. 

Question : How is the petroleum occurrences associated with fault traps in India ?
Answer : Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps in the rock formations of the tertiary age. In regions of folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is trapped in the crest of the upfold. The oil bearing layer is a porous limestone or sandstone through which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layers. Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks. Gas, being lighter usually occurs above the oil. 

Question :  How is geo-thermal energy produced? Explain.
Answer : The Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth's surface it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.  

Question : How are energy resources classified? Give two examples for each.
Answer : Energy resource is classified into conventional and nonconventional energy resource.
Conventional resource is the one which can be found in nature, for example, coal and petroleum.
Non-conventional resource is the one which is created by man through a natural resource.
For example : solar energy and wind energy. 

Question : What are the uses of limestone ? Which states are the leading producers of limestone ?
Answer : Limestone is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonates or calcium and magnesium carbonates. It is found in sedimentary rocks of most geological formations. It is the basic raw material for the cement industry and essential for smelting iron ore in the blast furnace.
Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh Karnataka and Chhattisgarh are the major states where limestone is produced in abundance. 

Question : Why conservation of minerals is necessary ?
Answer : Conservation of minerals is necessary because :
(i) Minerals take millions of years to form.
(ii) Minerals are limited non-renewable and exhaustible in nature.
(iiii) The rate of replenishment of minerals is infinitely small in comparison to the rate of consumption.
(iv) Minerals have to be preserved for our future also. 

Question : What are the different forms of Non-conventional energy ?
Answer : Different forms of Non-conventional energy are :
(i) Nuclear Energy – Obtained by altering the structure of atom.
(ii) Solar Energy – Obtained by sun or solar.
(iii) Wind Energy – Obtain by wind.
(iv) Tidal Energy – Obtained by water.
(v) Geo thermal Energy – Obtained by heat of the earth. 

Question : Why it is not preferred to use firewood and cattle dung as energy resource ?
Answer : The energy resources can be classified into two types :
Conventional sources and Non-Conventional sources.
Conventional sources of energy like firewood and cattle dung cake are most common in rural India. According to one estimate, more than 70 per cent energy requirement in rural households is met by these two : continuation of these is increasingly becoming difficult due to decreasing forest area. At the same time, usage of dunk cake is also discouraged as it consumes the most valuable manure, which could be used in agriculture.

Question :  Why is conservation of minerals important?
Answer : (i) Minerals are important for the development of a country. Various substances manufactured from minerals industry and agriculture depend on them.
(ii) Minerals are already in short supply and their consumption is so fast. We must keep it in mind that the total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction, i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust.
(iii) Minerals require millions of years to be created and concentrated. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to present rates of consumption.
(iv) Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with the decrease in quality.
It has therefore, become essential to conserve minerals. 

Question :  Iron ore is the basic mineral of India. How? Which values are associated with it?
Answer : (i) Iron ore is considered the backbone of India’s industrial development.
(ii) They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries in India. 

Question : 'Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving'. Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem.
Answer : Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. The strategy of economic development that India adopted since independence required increasing amount of energy consumption. As a result, consumption of energy in all forms has been rising. To take care of this concern various measures that need to be adopted are as follows.
(i) We need to increase the use of renewable energy resources like solar, wind power, biogas, tidal energy and geothermal energy. This will decrease the dependence on non-renewable sources. (ii) We have to adopt a cautious approach for judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as a concerned citizen we can use public transport system in place of individual vehicle. (iii) Another measure that needs to be adopted is promotion of energy conservation, e.g., switching off electrical devices when not in use, using power saving devices etc.  
 
Question :  “India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt cautious approaches for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.” Analyse this statements.
Answer : The statement is right to a great extent. Therefore, we need to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of energy resources. We should –
(i) Use public transport system.
(ii) Switch off electricity when not needed.
(iii) Use power saving devices.
(iv) Use non-conventional sources of energy.  
  
Question : Describe any three characteristics of 'Odisha- Jharkhand belt' of iron ore in India. 
Answer : Odisha-Jharkhand belt:
(a) In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.
(b) In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand hematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(c) These mines feed the steel industry in the eastern and other parts of India.  
 

Question : (i) How are bauxite formed?
(ii) Where are India’s bauxite deposits found?
(iii) Which are the most important bauxite deposits located in Orissa?
Answer : (i) Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
(ii) India’s bauxite deposits are found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur – Katre.
(iii) Panchapatmali deposits in Koraput district the most important bauxite deposits in Orissa.

Question : Name the major metallic minerals which are obtained from veins and lodes.
Answer : Tin, copper, zinc and lead. 

Question : Mention three properties of mica.
Answer : (i) Mica is a mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves.
(ii) It splits easily into thin sheets. These sheets can be so thin that a thousand can be layered into a mica sheet of a few centimeters high.
(iii) Mica can be clear, black, green, red-yellow or brown.
(iv) Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is considered an important mineral used in electric and electronic industries. 

Question : In which various forms do minerals occur?
Answer : Minerals occur in following forms:
1. In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals occur in the veins and the lodes. For instance, tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from these veins and lodes.
2. In sedimentary rocks minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some forms of iron ore are found in it. Other groups of Sedimentary minerals such as gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt are formed with the help of evaporation especially in dry regions.
3. Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed in this way.
4. Some minerals occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and base of hills. These deposits contain minerals which are not eroded by water. For example, gold, silver, tin and platinum.
5. Ocean waters contain vast quantities of minerals. Common salts, magnesium and bromine are derived from ocean waters. The ocean beds, too, are rich in manganese nodules.

Question : Give an account of the distribution of minerals in India.
                          Or
‘Minerals in India are unevenly distributed’. Explain.
Answer : India is fortunate to have fairly rich and varied mineral resources.
(i) In peninsular plateau the reserves of coal, metallic minerals, mica and many other non-metallic minerals are found.
(ii) In the sedimentary rocks of Gujarat and Assam most of the petroleum deposits are found.
(iii) Rajasthan with the rock systems of the peninsula, has reserves of many nonferrous minerals.
(iv) The alluvial plains of north India are almost devoid of economic minerals.
(v) These variations in the distribution of minerals exist due to differences in the geological structure, process and the time involved in the formation of minerals.

Question : Why is Chhotanagpur plateau called a ‘store house of minerals’?
Answer : (i) Chhotanagpur plateau is called a store house of minerals as it has very high grade haematite iron ore.
(ii) The ranges of hills in Chhotanagpur have 14 deposits of super high grade haematite iron ore.
(iii) Most of the mica deposits are found on the northern edge of Chhotanagpur plateau.
(iv) Koderma–Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of Mica.

Question : Why is conservation of mineral resource essential? Explain any three reason.
Answer : (I) Minerals are an indispensable part of our life.
(II) It is available in limited quantities.
(III) Takes millions of years to get formed.

Question : Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
Answer : Ferrous minerals: - 1. Ferrous minerals account for about three fourths of the total value of metallic minerals. Iron manganese etc. is the example.
Non- ferrous minerals: - India's reserve and production of non- ferrous minerals are not very satisfactory. Bauxite, lead, gold etc. are the examples.

Question : What types of iron ore found in India?
Answer : India is rich in good quality iron ores.
(I) Magnetite: It is the finest iron ore with a very high content of iron upto 70 %. It has excellent magnetic qualities and is valuable in the electrical industry.
(II) Hematite: It is the most important industrial iron ore I terms of the quantity used but has a slightly lower iron content than magnetite.

Question : What is the need of using non-conservational source of energy?
Answer : (I) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
(II) Increasing use of fossil fuels also causes serious environment al problems.
Hence, there is a primary need to use renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal, biomass and energy from waste material. They are called now conventional sources of energy.

Question : Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any two uses of it .
Answer : Odisha is the largest producer of manganese
Uses of manganese in India:
(I) It is used in manufacturing of steel and ferry manganese alloy.
(II) These alloys are strong and are used in making giant machine.
(III) It is also used in insecticides.

Question : What are the uses of petroleum and mineral oil in India?
Answer : (I) Petroleum is also an important energy source in India after coal.
(II) It provides fuel for heat and lighting, lubricants for machinery and raw materials to a number of manufacturing industries. Mineral oil is used in lotion and moisturizers.
(III) Petroleum refineries act as a ‘nodal industry’ for synthetic textile, fertilizer and numerous chemical industries.

Question : How does mining affect the health of miners?
Answer : (I) The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to pulmonary disease.
(II) The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coal mines are a constant threat, to miners.
(III) The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil and increase in stream and river pollution.

Question : How do we have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resource?
Answer : Steps to adopt for judicious use of our limited energy resources:
(I) Use public transport.
(II) Switch off electricity when not in use.
(III) Use power saving device.
(IV) Use non conventional sources of energy.

Question : “Energy saved is energy produced” support the statement with suitable example.
Answer : (I) Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin plants of sustainable energy.
(II) India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world.
(III) Using public transport system instead of individual vehicles.

Question : Why is there a pressing need to use renewable energy resources in India explain by giving any 3 reason .
Answer : (I) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
(II) Renewable energy sources on the other hand, are pollution free and eco – friendly.
(III) Hence, there is a pressing need to use renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tidal, biomass and energy from waste material. These are called non- conventional energy resources.

 

Long Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : "Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour" support the statement with five facts. 
Answer : Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour:
a. Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the Indian economy.
b. Industry and agriculture sector depends on mineral deposits.
c. Total volume of workable mineral deposits is only 1% of the earth's crust.
d. Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and also requires millions of years to be created and concentrated.
e. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption
f. The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but short-lived possessions.
g. Minerals resources must be used in a planned and sustainable manner.
h. By improvising the technology so that low-grade ores can be used profitably.

 

Question : Why is energy important to us ? How can we conserve energy in our daily lives ?
Answer : In today's life, energy is very important to us. Energy is required for almost all activities. It is required for cooking, to provide light and heat, to propel vehicles and to drive machinery in industries.
It is the basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of national economy - agriculture, industry, transport and commerce needs greater inputs of energy. Energy demands, in the form of electricity, are growing because of the increasing use of electrical gadgets and appliances.
We can conserve energy by :
(i) Switching of electrical devices when not in use.
(ii) Using more of public transport.
(iii) Using non-conventional sources of energy.
(iv) Getting the power equipment regularly checked to detect damages and leakages. 

Question : Describe any three characteristics of Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur Belt iron-ore belt in India.
Answer : The characteristics of Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur Belt are as follows :
(i) This belt lies in the Chattisgarh and Maharashtra states.
(ii) In the Bastar district of Chattisgarh, Hematite iron ore of very high grade is found in the Bailadila hills.
(iii) Bailadila hills have 14 deposits of hematite iron ore. 

Question : What are minerals? How are minerals classified ? Explain briefly.
Answer : Minerals are homogenous naturally occurring substances with a definable internal structure. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.
Minerals are classified as :

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_13

(i) Metallic minerals :
(a) Ferrous minerals which contain iron. Examples of such minerals are iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc.
(b) Non-ferrous minerals which do not contain iron contents.
Examples of such minerals are copper, lead, tin, bauxite, etc.
(c) Precious minerals which have high economic value.
Examples of precious minerals are gold, silver and platinum.
(ii) Non-metallic minerals : Examples of non-metallic minerals are mica, salt, potash, sulphur, granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, etc.
(iii) Energy minerals : These minerals provide energy. Examples of energy minerals are coal, petroleum and natural gas. 

Question : “Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development” Explain.
Answer : Manufacturing sector is the backbone of development because :
(i) Agriculture is said to be the backbone of the Indian economy and the manufacturing industries help in modernisation of agriculture sector also reducing the dependence on the agriculture sector by providing employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind the public sector setup of industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India's prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question : Why energy is needed? How can we conserve energy resources ? Explain.
Answer : Energy is obtained in various forms. We require fuel in our day to day transportation, be it personal vehicles or public transport. It plays a major role in the economy of a nation. A country's defence is based on the source of energy. Energy can be conserved by proper usage of resources. Secondly, we can use more of renewable energy in place of perishable energy and use more e-vehicles in place of conventional fuel based vehicles.

Question : Distinguish between Conventional and Non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer : 

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources_18

Question : Why is the conservation of minerals necessary ?
Answer : (i) All the industries and agriculture depend upon mineral deposits and the substances manufactured from them. The total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction, i.e., one per cent of the earth's crust.
(ii) We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated.
(iii) The geological process of mineral formation is so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption. Mineral resources are therefore, finite and non-renewable.
(iv) Rich mineral deposits are our country's extremely valuable but short-lived possessions.
(v) Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with a decrease in quality.
Thus, it is high time when we should think of conserving our minerals for the future need and generations. 

Question : Name some river valley projects and write the names of the dams built on these rivers.
Answer : River valley projects Dams
(i) Bhakra Nangal project on river Sutlej : Bhakra Nangal Dam
(ii) Chambal valley project : Gandhi Sagar, Ratna Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar
(iii) Mahanadi river project : Hirakud
(iv) Rihand project on river Son : Rihand
(v) Krishna river project : Nagarjuna Sagar
(vi) Farakka project on river Ganga : Farakka
(vii) Tungabhadra river project : Tungabhadra

Question :  How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
Answer : Biogas can solve energy problem :
(i) Availibitlity of raw material is not a problem.
(ii) Awareness to be created about biogas.
(iii) It will reduce the burden on conventional sources of energy.
(iv) Educate the rural people about the use of biogas.
(v) It is a renewable source of energy.
(vi) Eco-friendly.

Question : Give an account of the major iron ore belts in India.
Answer : The major iron ore belts in India are:
(i) Odisha-Jharkhand belt: In Odisha high grade haematite ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts. In the adjoining Singbhum district of Jharkhand haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
(ii) Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Very high grade haematites are found in the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chattisgarh. The range of hills comprise of 14 deposits of super high grade haematite from ore. It has the best physical properties needed for steel making. Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakapatnam port.
(iii) Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Turnkur belt in Karnataka has large reserves of iron ore. The Kudermukh mines located in the Western Ghatas of Karnataka are a 100 per cent export unit. Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world. The ore is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangalore.
(iv) Maharashtra-Goa belt includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. Though, the ores are not of very high quality, yet they are efficiently exploited iron ore is exported through Mormugao port. 

Question : Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
Answer : Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour :
(i) Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the economy.
(ii) Industry largely depends on mineral deposits.
(iii) Total volume of workable mineral deposits is very less-only 1% of the earth's crust.
(iv) Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and minerals deposits need millions of years to be created and concentrated.
(v) The geological process of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
(vi) Mineral resources are finite and nonrenewable.
(vii) The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but shorts-lived possessions.

 

Question : Which is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India? Assess the importance of its different forms.
Answer : Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India. Importance of its different forms is as follows :
(i) Peat :
(a) Decaying plants in swamps produce peat.
(b) It has low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity.
(ii) Lignite :
(a) It has 60-70% carbon, brown in colour, soft and has high moisture content.
(b) It is used for electricity generation.
(c) It has the lowest heat content per kg.
(iii) Bituminous :
(a) It is used for commercial purpose especially ideal for smelting iron in blast furnaces.
(b) It has 75-90% carbon content, dense sedimentary rock, usually black in colour and has medium heat content per kg.
(c) It is also used for making coke.
(iii) Anthracite :
(a) It is used in the metal smelting and fabrication industries especially used as a reduction agent for various applications, i.e., briquetting charcoal, iron-ore pellets and other uses.
(b) It has more than 90% carbon content per kg and its heating content per kg is the highest.
(c) It is also used in residential and commercial space heating.

 

Source/Case Based Questions  

Question : Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows : 

Source A-Tidal Energy
Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. During high tide water flows into the inlet and gets trapped when the gate is closed. After the tide falls outside the flood gate, the water retained by the floodgate flows back to the sea via a pipe that carries it through a powergenerating turbine. 

Source B- Biogas
Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are used to produce biogas for domestic consumption in rural areas. Decomposition of organic matter yields gas, which has higher thermal efficiency in comparison to kerosene, dung cake and charcoal. Biogas plants are set up at municipal, cooperative and individual levels. The plants using cattle dung are known as ‘Gobar gas plants’ in rural India. 

Source C- Nuclear or Atomic Energy
Nuclear or Atomic Energy is obtained by altering the structure of atoms. When such an alteration is made, much energy is released in the form of heat and this is used to generate electric power. Uranium and Thorium, which are available in Jharkhand and the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan are used for generating atomic or nuclear power. The Monazite sands of Kerala is also rich in Thorium. 

(i) What will generate by the oceanic tides ?
Answer : Oceanic tides can be used to generate electricity. Floodgate dams are built across inlets. 

(ii) What do Gobar Gas plants operates on ?
Answer : The plants using cattle dung are known as 'Gobar gas plants' in rural India. 

(iii) How atomic energy is obtained ?
Answer : Nuclear or Atomic Energy is obtained by altering the structure of atoms.

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