CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Worksheet Set A

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Science Carbon And Its Compounds Worksheet Set A. Students and teachers of Class 10 Science can get free printable Worksheets for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound in PDF format prepared as per the latest syllabus and examination pattern in your schools. Class 10 students should practice questions and answers given here for Science in Class 10 which will help them to improve your knowledge of all important chapters and its topics. Students should also download free pdf of Class 10 Science Worksheets prepared by school teachers as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books and syllabus issued this academic year and solve important problems with solutions on daily basis to get more score in school exams and tests

Worksheet for Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 10 Science Worksheet for Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound

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Question. Which of the following is not an use of graphite ?
(A) dry lubricant
(B) electrodes
(C) black paints
(D) high precision thermometers
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following is the chemically inactive allotropic form of carbon ?
(A) diamond
(B) coal
(C) charcoal
(D) animal charcoal
Answer. A

Question. Which of the following properties is not true regarding organic compounds ?
(A) They are generally covalent compounds.
(B) They have high melting and boiling points.
(C) They are generally insoluble in water.
(D) They generally show isomerism
Answer. B

Question. Cleansing action of soaps is based on the principle that
(A) Soap reacts with the dust
(B) The ionic end of the soap dissolves in water while the carbon chain bonds with oil or dirt.
(C) The soap molecules attracts dirt.
(D) Soap combines with the dirt.
Answer. B

Question. Saponification is
(A) Is dehydration of the ester
(C) Is the hydration of the ester
(B) Is the hydrolysis of the ester
(D) Is the formation of ester
Answer. B

Question. Ethanol gets oxidized to
(A) Ethanal with alkaline KMnO4.
(C) Ethanal in presence of cuperic oxide.
(B) Ethanoic acid by alkaline KMnO4
(D) Ethanoic acid in presence of platinum catalyst.
Answer. B

Question. Esterification is the name given to
(A) Reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid in presence of Sulphuric acid
(B) Formation of a new substance.
(C) A type of addition reaction.
(D) A type of rearrangement reaction.
Answer. A

Question. Substitution reactions are those reactions in which
(A) saturated hydrocarbons replace the cations of an inorganic compound.
(B) one type of atoms or a group of atoms takes the place of another.
(C) alkyl group replaces the anion of an inorganic compound.
(D) are shown by unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Answer. B

Question. Addition Reactions are those reactions in which
(A) the reaction takes place immediately on mixing the reactants.
(B) unsaturated hydrocarbons add hydrogen in presence of a catalyst.
(C) hydrogen atom is replaced by a group of atoms containing more than one atom.
(D) two molecules of the same hydrocarbon form a larger molecule.
Answer. B

Question. Alcohols are compounds
(A) containing – OH group attached to alkyl group.
(B) containing – CO- group attached to alkyl groups.
(C) containing – CHO group attached to alkyl group.
(D) containing – COOH group attached to alkyl group.
Answer. A

Question. Most carbon allotropes and carbon compounds on complete combustion
(A) give a foul smell.
(B) produce a dark mass.
(C) release heat and light in addition to liberating CO2.
(D) release heat and light in addition to liberating O2.
Answer. C

Question. Homologous series is a series of compounds in which
(A) The same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain.
(B) Formulae of successive compounds differ by a –CH3 – unit.
(C) Representation is possible by a any formula.
(D) Is collection of compounds with different functional groups
Answer. A

Question. Chemical properties of an organic compound (carbon compound) depend on-
(A) The functional group
(B) Constituent elements
(C) Number of hydrogen atoms
(D) Number of carbon atoms
Answer. A

Question. Occurrence of organic compounds having same molecular formula but different structures is called
(A) Catenation
(B) Allotropy
(C) Isomerism
(D) Isotopes
Answer. C

Question. Occurrence of organic compounds having same molecular formula but different structures is called
(A) Catenation
(B) Allotropy
(C) Isomerism
(D) Isotopes
Answer. A

Question. A covalent compound :
(A) Have definite geometry.
(B) Have strong bond.
(C) Are poor conductors of electricity and have low melting and boiling points.
(D) Are electrolytes
Answer. C

Question. Spherical aggregate of soap molecules in the soap solution is called
(A) a micelle.
(B) an ester.
(C) a molasses.
(D) a vinegar.
Answer. A

Question. The organic compound, which are non-biodegradable in nature is
(A) detergents.
(B) soaps.
(C) esters.
(D) alcohols.
Answer. A

Question. When a sodium piece is added to acetic acid solution, a gas is evolved. The gas is
(A) CH4.
(B) CO2.
(C) H2.
(D) O2.
Answer. C

Question. When NaHCO3 reacts with acetic acid, a gas evolves. This gas turns
(A) lime water milky.
(B) pure water milky.
(C) zinc sulphate solution green.
(D) acidified K2Cr2O7 solution green.
Answer. A

Question. Detergents are salts of -
(A) strong acid and strong base
(B) strong acid and weak base
(C) weak acid and strong base
(D) weak acid and weak base
Answer. A

Question. Methane with the Molecular formula “CH4” has – 
(A) 4 Covalent bonds
(B) 8 Covalent bonds
(C) 6 Covalent bonds
(D) 2 Covalent bonds
Answer. A

Question. In the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, acetic acid reacts with alcohol to produce –
(A) aldehyde
(B) alcohol
(C) ester
(D) carboxylic acid
Answer. C

Question. Which of the following gases is known as tear gas ? 
(A) Methyl isocyanide
(B) Sulphur dioxide
(C) Chloropicrin
(D) Nitrous oxide
Answer. D

Question. Fullerence, an allotrope of carbon contains - 
(A) 30 six membered rings
(B) 24 five membered rings and 10 six membered rings.
(C) 12 five membered rings and 20 six membered rings
(D) 18 five membered rings and 15 six membered rings.
Answer. C

Question. The IUPAC name of (CH3)3C–OH is - 
(A) 2 – Methylpropan–2–ol
(B) 2–Methylpropan–1–ol.
(C) 1,1–Dimethylethanol
(D) Butan–1–ol
Answer. A

Question. Unsaturated hydrocarbon is -
(A) CH4
(B) C2H6
(C) C2H4
(D) C2H5OH
Answer. C

Question. How many isomers are possible for an alkane having molecular formula C6H14 ?
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
Answer. C

Question. Which test can be used to distinguish between acetylene and ethylene gases ?
(A) Reaction with Br2 in CCl4 solvent
(B) Conc. H2SO4
(C) Ammonical cuprous chloride solution
(D) Hydrogen gas in presence of Pt.
Answer. C

Question. The light producing gas in the lamps of the hawkers is:
(A) Butane
(B) Ethylene
(C) Acetylene
(D) Methane
Answer. C

Question. What is IUPAC name of the following compound ? CH3—CH2—CH2—OH
(A) Propan-1-ol
(B) Propan-2-ol
(C) Ethan-1-ol
(D) Ethan-2-ol
Answer. A

Question. The action of cleaning of oily dirt by soap is based on 
(A) solubility in water
(B) hydrophilic property
(C) hydrophobic property
(D) presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups
Answer. D

Question. Which compound is obtained when formaldehyde react with phenol in alkaline medium -
(A) Paraformaldehyde
(B) Farmamint
(C) Urotropin
(D) Bakelite
Answer. D

Question. In the biolumine scence process in firefly the main substance involved for the glow is -
(A) Diphenylamine
(B) Resorcinol
(C) Anisole
(D) Luciferrin
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following is represented by general formula CnH2n+2O ? 
(A) Alcohols only
(B) Both alcohols and ethers
(C) Aldehydes only
(D) Both Aldehydes and ketones
Answer. B

Question. Which of the following series represent only unsaturated hydrocarbons ? 
(A) C2H6, C3H8, C4H10
(B) C2H6, C3H6, C4H10
(C) C2H4 , C3H6, C4H6
(D) C2H4, C3H8, C4H6
Answer. C

Question. On heating an aliphatic primary amine with chloroform and ethanoic potassium hydroxide the organic compound formed is :
(A) an alkyl cyanide
(B) an alkyl isocyanide
(C) an alkanol
(D) an alkanediol
Answer. B

Question. The IUPAC name of C6H5CN is :
(A) Phenyl Cyanide
(B) Phenylacetonitrile
(C) Benzene Cyanide
(D) Benzonitrile
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following formulae represents cycloalkanes ? 
(A) C6H12
(B) C4H10
(C) C6H6
(D) C5H14
Answer. A

Question. Which statement is correct regarding ethane ethene and ethyne ? 
(A) Ethyne is weakest acid and C–H bond length is longest.
(B) Ethyne is strongest acid and C–H bond length is shortest
(C) Ethane is strongest acid and C–H bond length is longest.
(D) Ethene is the strongest acid and C–H bond length is shortest
Answer. B

Question. 1 mole of a hydrocarbon ‘X’ undergoes complete saturation with 1 mole of hydrogen in presence of a heated catalyst. What would be the formula of ‘X’ ? 
(A) C2H6
(B) C2H2
(C) C5H10
(D) C7H16
Answer. C

Question. Which of the following are isomers ? 
(A) Butane and Isobutene
(B) Ethane and Ethene
(C) Propane and Propyne
(D) Butane and Isobutane
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following has shortest carbon-carbon bond length ? 
(A) C2H2
(B) C2H4
(C) C2H6
(D) C6H6
Answer. A

Question. Which of the following may be isomer of aldehyde having general formula CnH2nO ?
(A) Alcohol
(B) Ether
(C) Ester
(D) Ketone
Answer. D

Question. IUPAC name of the first member of homologous series of ketones is 
(A) Ethanone
(B) Propanol
(C) Methanone
(D) Propanone
Answer. D

Question. An alkyne has 4 numbers of hydrogen atoms. What will be the number of carbon atoms in it ?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five
Answer. B

Question. Which of the following solution of acetic acid in water is used as preservative ?
(A) 15–20%
(B) 5–8%
(C) 100%
(D) 50%
Answer. B

Question. The compound which shows keto-enol tautomerism is 
(A) C6H5CHO
(B) CH3COCH3
(C) CH3COOC2H5
(D) CH3COCH2 COOC2H5
Answer. C

Question. Methane is obtained when
(A) sodium acetate is heated with soda lime.
(B) methyl iodide is reduced.
(C) Al4C3 is reacted with water.
(D) All of the above
Answer. D

Question. Benzene on nitration and sulfonation respectively gives 
(A) NO2 and SO3
(B) NO2 and SO2
(C) NO+ and SO2
(D) NO+2 and SO3
Answer. C

 

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

Question. Assertion (A): Ethanoic acid liberates hydrogen with sodium metal.
Reason (R): More reactive sodium displaces hydrogen from ethanoic acid.
Answer : Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question. Assertion (A): In alkanes, alkenes and alkynes the valency of carbon is always four.
Reason (R): All hydrocarbons except alkanes contain double bonds.
Answer : (c) A is true but R is false.

Question. Assertion (A): Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.
Reason (R): Some elements can have several different structural forms while in the same physical state. These differing forms are called allotropes.
Answer : Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question. Assertion (A): The functional group present in alcohols is – OH.
Reason (R): It is the same group as present in water, hence water and alcohol have similar properties.
Answer : (c) A is true but R is false.

Question. Assertion (A): Soaps are not suitable for washing purpose when the water is hard.
Reason (R): Soaps have relatively weak cleansing action.
Answer : (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

 

Very Short Answer type Questions

Question. Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity. Why?
Answer. Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity because these compounds do not have any charged particles as they are made by sharing of electrons

Question. What is a saturated hydrocarbon? Write the formula of any one saturated hydrocarbon.
Answer.  A saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon in which the carbon atoms have only single covalent bonds between them. Formula of any one saturated hydrocarbon is CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12
 
Question. Write chemical name of the compound CH3—CH2—CH2—Br. 
Answer. 1-Bromo Propane
 
Question. Write the molecular formula of first two members of homologous series having functional group –Cl.
Answer. Molecular formula of first two members of the homologous series having functional group –Cl is CH3Cl and C2H5Cl.
 
Question. Write the name and molecular formula of the fourth member of alkane series.
Answer. Butane, C4H10
 
Question. Write the next homologue of each of the following:
(A) C2H4 (B) C4C
Answer. (A) C3H6
(B) C5H8
 
Question. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. Which type of compounds can be formed by carbon atom and why? Give any one example of such compounds. 
Answer. Carbon forms covalent compounds with other atoms by sharing electron pairs because of the following reasons:
(1) Carbon cannot form C4+ cation by losing four electrons, as it would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons.
(2) Carbon cannot form C4– anion by gaining four electrons, as it would be diffcult forthe nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons.
Example of compounds formed by carbon:
(i) Methane (CH4)
(ii) Ethene (C2H4)
(iii) Propyne (C3H4)
(iv) Ethanol (C2H5OH)
 
Question. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues?
Answer. Two successive homologues would differ by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms in terms of atoms in their molecules and thus differ by 14 amu in terms of molecular mass.

Question : The by-product in soap industry is: 

a. Glycerol
b. Isoprene
c. Ethylene glycol
d. Butane
Answer : A 
Explanation: Glycerol Is a colourless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. It is used as an emollient and laxative, and for making explosives and antifreeze. The main product is soap.
Fat or Oil + Alkali →Soap + Glycerol 
 
Question : Which of the following is used for antifreeze mixture? 
a. C2H5OH
b. CH3OH
c. HCHO
d. CH3COOH
Answer : A 
Explanation: Ethanol ( C2H5OH) is used for antifreeze mixture. Antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. At room temperature, ethanol is a polar solvent and is used as antifreeze. 
 
Question : Statement A: Acetic acid freezes at 290K.
Statement B: Acetic is also called as glacial acetic acid. 
a. Statement A is true; Statement B is false.
b. Statement B is True; Statement A is false.
c. Both the statements A and B are true.
d. Neither Statement A nor Statement B is true.
Answer : C
Explanation: Freezing point of ethanoic acid is 17 °C (290 K). When ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is cooled, it freezes to form a colourless, ice-like solid. The solid looks like a glacier and hence pure ethanoic acid is also called glacial ethanoic acid (or glacial acetic acid). 
 
Question : The odour of ethanoic acid resembles which one of the following: 
a. Kerosene
b. Pungent
c. Rose
d. Vinegar
Answer : D
Explanation: The odour of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) resembles vinegar. A dilute solution of ethanoic acid in water is called vinegar. Vinegar contains about 5 to 8 % ethanoic acid.
 
Question : Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds?
A. They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
B. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
C. They have strong forces of attraction between their molecules.
D. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. 
a. B and C
b. All of these
c. B and D
d. A, B and D
Answer : C
Explanation: Carbon compounds are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. Carbon compounds are covalent compounds that have been formed by the sharing of electrons. They do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules. They have weak interactions between their molecules. This leads to low melting points and boiling points.

A ssertion-Reason Type Questions

For question numbers 1 and 2 two statements are given-one labeled as Assertion (A) and the other labeled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true but ‘R’ is not correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) ‘A’ is true but ‘R’ is false.
(d) ‘A’ is false but ‘R’ is true.

Question : Assertion: Carbon forms covalent compound with chlorine of formula CCl4.
Reason: Carbon has 4 valence electrons, valency 4, chlorine has 7 valence electrons, valency 1.
Answer : 
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion.

Question : Assertion: Carbon forms very large number of compounds.
Reason: It is due to property of catenation and tetravalency
Answer : 
(a) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is correct explanation of the assertion

 

Very Short Answers 

 
Question : What is the functional group of HCHO? 
Answer : The functional group of HCHO is -CHO. 
 
Question :  Which of the following will turn blue litmus solution red? CH3OH, CH3COOH,CH3COOCH3.
Answer : Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions. CH3COOH will turn blue litmus solution red because it is acidic.

Question :  Compare the ability of catenation of carbon and silicon. Give reasons.
Answer : Carbon shows catenation property to more extent than silicon. It is because C–C bond is stronger than Si–Si bond because carbon is smaller in size than silicon.

Question :  Give a test that can be used to confirm the presence of carbon in a compound. With a valency of 4, how is carbon able to attain noble gas configuration in its compounds?
Answer : – Burn compound in air/ oxygen; Gas evolved turns lime water milky
– By sharing its four valence electrons with other elements.

Question : The number of carbon compounds is more than those formed by all other elements put together. Justify the statement by giving two reasons.
Answer : • Due to self linking ability of carbon/catenation
• Since carbon has a valency of four it can form bonds with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of
some other mono-valent element.
• Due to small size of carbon it forms very strong and (or) stable bonds with other elements

Question : An organic compound is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. It is produced by the fermentation of sugar. Identify the organic compound. 
Answer : Ethanol is a constituent of beer, whisky and some cough syrup. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugar.
 
Question :  What is a detergent? 
Answer :  Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids. Detergent is also known as soapless soap. Soap cannot form lather in hard water. To overcome this problem, detergents were introduced.
 

Short Answers

 
Question : i. Write the formula and draw the electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride.
ii. What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process. 
Answer :
Ma
 
ii. The reaction of an ester in the presence of base to give sodium salt of carboxylic acid and alcohol is known as saponification and this process is used in the preparation of soap
Ma-
 
 
Question : How would you name the following compounds? 
Ma-6
Answer :
 
Ma-9
 
 
 
Question : Mention four differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. 
Answer : Difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons:
Ma-1
 
 
Question : Out of sodium chloride (NaCl) or methyl chloride (CH3 Cl), which has higher melting and boiling points? Why? 
Answer :  The intermolecular forces are small in the covalent compounds.So, These bonds break easily. Hence, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.The intermolecular forces are small in the covalent compounds. These bonds break easily.
Hence, covalent compounds have low melting and boiling point.
Sodium chloride (Na+Cl-) is an ionic compound, therefore it's melting and boiling points are higher than methyl chloride (CH3Cl) which is a covalent compound. 

Question : Name the compound CH3COOH and identify its functional group.
Answer : Acetic acid
Functional group — COOH (Carboxylic acid group)

Question : Write the names of the following compounds.
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Answer : (a) Pentanoic acid (b) Butyne (c) Heptanal (d) Pentanol

Question : What are isomers? Draw the structures of two isomers of butane (C4H10).
Answer : Organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structural formulae, and hence, different physical and chemical properties are called isomers. n-butane and iso–butane are two isomers of butane (C4H10).
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : (a) Give a chemical test to identify the compound CH3COOH.
(b) Name the gas evolved when this compound acts on solid sodium carbonate. How would you identify this gas?
Answer : (a) To the compound CH3COOH add some amount of ethanol and then a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid. Warm the mixture in a water bath for a few minutes. A fruity smell will be given off on account of the formation of an ester. This is a confirmatory test for carboxylic acid. Therefore the compound is identified as acetic acid.
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

(b) Carbon dioxide. The gas turns clear limewater milky when bubbled through it.
2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
                                                                  Carbon dioxide

Question : Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name suffixed with ‘– ol’ and having two carbon atoms in the molecule. With the help of a balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with excess of concentrated H2SO4?
Answer : Ethanol – C2H5OH
When ethanol is heated with excess of concentrated H2SO4 it gets dehydrated to form ethene.
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : What happens when wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen? Name the residue left behind after the reaction and state two advantages of using this residue as a fuel over wood.
Answer : When wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen, destructive distillation takes place with the formation of wood charcoal.
The residue left after the reaction is wood charcoal.
Advantages of using wood charcoal over wood:
(a) Wood charcoal burns without smoke.
(b) It does not liberate any poisonous gases on burning.

Question : What is a homologous series? Which two of the following organic compounds belong to the same homologous series?
C2H6, C2H6O, C2H6O2, CH4O
Answer : A group of members of the same class of organic compounds, which differ from each other by a – CH2 group, when arranged in the ascending order of molecular mass is called a homologous series.
CH4O and C2H6O are homologues since they differ by a – CH2 group.

Question : (a) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
(b) Write a chemical equation to represent what happens when hydrogen gas is passed through an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of nickel acting as a catalyst.
Answer : (a) Ethanoic acid liberates carbon dioxide on reacting with carbonates or hydrogen carbonates,while ethanol gives no such reaction.

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : (a) What is a ‘homologous series’ of substances?
(b) In an organic compound, which parts largely determine its physical and chemical properties?
Answer : (a) A group or series of organic compounds having the same general formula and similar graded physical and chemical properties is called a homologous series.
(b) The functional group of an organic compound determines its physical and chemical properties.

Question : Draw the structures of the following compounds :
(a) Ethanoic acid (b) Butanone
Answer : 
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : (a) Write the name of the following : (i) CH3CH2COOH (ii) CH3CH2Br
(b) Draw the electron dot structure of ethene.
Answer : (a) (i) Propanoic acid (ii) Bromoethane

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : What will happen if ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of an acid as a catalyst?
Name the reaction. Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
Answer : A sweet smelling compound, ethyl ethanoate (an ester) is formed.
The reaction is known as esterification reaction.

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : (a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
(b) Name the product formed when an organic acid reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. What is the name assigned to this type of reaction.
Answer : (a) Ethanoic acid liberates carbon dioxide gas on reacting with sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. Ethanol gives no such reaction with sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
(b) Ester
Esterification

Question : (a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large number of compounds.
(b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule.

Answer : (a) Carbon has electronic configuration 2, 4. It could gain four electrons forming C-4 anion or lose 4 electrons to form C+4 cation . Both are not possible due to energy considerations. Carbon overcome this problem by sharing electrons and forming covalent compounds. Two reasons for forming large number of compounds:
(1) Catenation (2) Tetra valency
(b) Formation of NH3 molecule
Three hydrogen atoms each share their 1 electron with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds and
make an ammonia molecule (NH3).

Question : Carbon, a member of group 14, forms a large number of carbon compounds estimated to be about three million. Why is this property not exhibited by other elements of this group? Explain.
Answer : Carbon shows the property of catenation.
It forms strong covalent bonds with other atoms of carbon forming long straight, branched and closed chain compounds.
Carbon is smallest in size in group 14 with tatravalency, it can form double as well as triple bonds,
therefore, it can show property of catenation to maximum extent and forms 3 million compounds other elements cannot show property of catenation to this extent due to larger size form weaker covalent bond and cannot form double or triple bonds.

Question : (a) (i) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in air.
(ii) What two forms of energy are liberated on burning alcohol?
(b) Why is the reaction between methane and chlorine considered as a substitution reaction?
Answer : (a) (i) Ethanoic acid and water
(ii) Heat energy, chemical energy
(b) The reaction between methane and chlorine is considered as a substitution reaction since the hydrogen atoms of methane are replaced by chlorine atoms.

Question : What are covalent compounds? Why are they different from ionic compounds? List their three characteristic properties.
Answer : Those compounds which are formed by equal sharing of electrons are called covalent compounds.
They are different from ionic compounds since ionic compounds are formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Properties:
(i) They have low melting and boiling points.
(ii) They do not conduct electricity in molten state and in aqueous solution.
(iii) They are mostly insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents except glucose, sugar, urea, ethyl alcohol, etc.

Question : (a) Name the following compound:

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

(b) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate. How would you prove the presence of this gas?
Answer : (a) The compound is propanone or acetone (common name).
(b) The gas evolved is carbon dioxide. The presence of this gas can be confirmed by passing it through limewater. The limewater turns milky.

Question : Two non-metals react with each other by sharing electrons to form a compound C.
(i) Name the type of chemical bond in C.
(ii) State whether C will have a high boiling point or a low boiling point.
(iii) State whether C will be soluble in water or in organic solvents.
(iv) State whether C is a good conductor of electricity or not.
Answer : (i) The chemical bond is covalent in nature.
(ii) C will have low boiling point.
(iii) C will dissolve in organic solvents.
(iv) C will not conduct electric current.

Question : Draw the possible isomers of the compound with molecular formula C3H6O and also give their electron dot structures.
Answer : 
Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons.
Answer : Carbon exhibits catenation much more than silicon or any other element due to its smaller size which makes the C–C bonds strong while the Si–Si bonds are comparatively weaker due to the large size of the atoms.

Question : Match the reaction given in column (A) with the names given in column (B).

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Answer : (A) – (iv) (B) – (i) (C) – (ii) (D) – (iii)

Question :  How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction involved.
(a) ethanol to ethene (b) propanol to propanoic acid.
Answer : (a) By the dehydration of ethanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

(b) By the oxidation of propanol using oxidising agent such as alkaline KMnO4.

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : Intake of small quantity of methanol can be lethal. Comment.
Answer : Methanol is oxidised to methanal in the liver. Methanal reacts rapidly with the components of the cells. It causes the protoplasm to coagulate. It also affects the optic nerve causing blindness.

Question : Ethene is formed when ethanol is heated with excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K.
What is the role of sulphuric acid in this reaction? Write balanced chemical equation of this reaction.
Answer : Sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent.

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question : Give a test that can be used to confirm the presence of carbon in a compound. With a valency of 4, how is carbon able to attain noble gas configuration in its compounds?
Answer : Burn compound in air/oxygen. Gas evolved turns limewater milky. By sharing its four valence
electrons with other elements.

Question :The number of carbon compounds is more than those formed by all other elements put together.
Justify the statement by giving two reasons.
Answer : The following reasons are :
(i) Due to self-linking ability of carbon which is known as catenation.
(ii) Since carbon has valency of four it can form with four other atoms of carbon or atoms of some other monovalent element.
(iii) Due to small size of carbon it forms very strong or stable bonds with other elements.

Question : Which types of compound does carbon generally form? Why is the compound formed by carbon exceptionally stable?
Answer : Carbon generally forms covalent compound. The stability of carbon compounds is attributed to the small size of carbon atom. Due to the small size of carbon atom, the nucleus holds the shared pair of electrons more effectively, thus making the bond stronger.

Question : Samir took ghee in a beaker and heated it. Ghee readily melts and easily boils too, but when he tries to pass electricity through ghee, it does not conduct electricity. Give reason for his observation.
Answer : Ghee is a saturated hydrocarbon or we can say that it is a carbon compound with covalent bond. Covalently bonded molecules are seen to have strong bonds within the molecule, but inter-molecular forces are small. This gives rise to the low melting and boiling points of these compounds.
Since the electrons are shared between atoms and no charged particles are formed, such covalent compounds are generally poor conductor of electricity, that is why ghee did not conduct electricity.

Question : What is meant by functional group in an organic compound? Name the functional group present in :
(a) CH3CH2OH (b) CH3COOH
Answer : Functional group is an atom or group of atoms or reactive part of compound which determines
chemical properties of compounds.
(a) —OH (Alcohol) (b) —COOH (Carboxylic acid)

Question : Give reasons for the following observation :
Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted when the heated vessels get blackened by the flame.
Answer : Air holes of a gas burner are made open so that air can pass through them, which is needed for complete combustion, so that heated vessels do not get blackened.

Question : Acetic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to produce a sweet
smelling compound. For this reaction :
(a) Write the name of main product.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation.
Answer : (a) In this reaction, the main product formed is ethyl ethanoate or ethyl acetate.
(b) The balanced chemical equation is :

Class 10 Science Carbon and its Compounds

Question :  (a) Identify the functional group present in CH3COOH and CH3OH.
(b) Name the fourth member of alkene series.
Answer : (a) The functional group present in CH3COOH and CH3OH are carboxylic acid group and alcoholic group respectively.
(b) Pentene

 

Long Answers

 
Question : Describe the addition reaction of carbon compounds with its application. State the function of catalyst in this reaction. How this reaction is different from a substitution reaction? Explain with an example. 
Answer : The addition reaction can be seen only with unsaturated carbon compounds. One example of addition reaction is hydrogenation reaction, which is used to obtain ghee from vegetable oil.
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Ma-3
 
The rate of reaction increases in the presence of catalyst (Ni or Pt), they adsorb the hydrogen molecule over their surface thus increasing the rate of reaction.
In subsitution reaction, a reagent substitutes on atom or a group of atoms from the reactant instead of addition.
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Question : Define structural isomer and draw the isomeric structures of butane. Compare the structure of benzene and cyclohexane by drawing them. 
Answer :  Compounds having same molecular formula but different structural formula are called structural isomers.
e.g. butane (C4H10) shows the following two structural isomers. One of which is straight chain n-butane and other is iso-butane.

 

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Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Worksheet

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