CBSE Class 10 Geography HOTs Minerals & Energy Resources

Summary :

Question : In which rocks are potash salt and sodium salt formed?
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
(d) None of the above
Answer : A

Question : What occurs naturally inside the earth’s crust which has a definable internal structure ?
(a) Metals
(b) Minerals
(c) Chemicals
(d) Coal
Answer : B

Question : Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered materials?
(a) Coal
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Zinc
Answer : A

Question : Which one of the following is the hardest mineral?
(a) Gold
(b) Diamond
(c) Ruby
(d) Silver
Answer : B

Question : Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt is located in ......... .
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Karnataka
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer : B

Question : When mining is done by family members in the form of a long narrow tunnel it is known as ......
(a) Narrow tunnel mining
(b) Rat hole mining
(c) Snake mining
(d) Killer mining
Answer : B 

Question : Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal 
Answer : C 

Question : Which one of the following is not a property of copper?
(a) It is malleable.
(b) It is ductile.
(c) It is good conductor.
(d) It is hard. 
Answer : D 

Question : Which of the following is a famous metal?
(a) Manganese
(b) Bauxite
(c) Gold
(d) Mica 
Answer : A 

Question : The largest bauxite-producing state in India is ......... .
(a) Orissa
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Jharkhand 

Answer : A

Question : How many minerals are identified yet ?
(a) 1000
(b) Over 2000
(c) 3000
(d) Over 3000
Answer : B

Question : Common salt, magnesium and bromine are derived from _______________ .
(a) Sea
(b) Mountains
(c) Ocean water
(d) Rivers
Answer : C

Question : Which one of the following minerals is used to harden steel during its manufacturing?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Coking coal
(c) Manganese
(d) Limestone 
Answer :  C

True/False

Question : In India 60% of energy are obtained by commercial energy. 
Answer : True

Question : Biogas is obtained by the decomposition of organic matter.
Answer : True

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Mark the option which is most suitable :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

Question : Assertion : Mining activity is often called a “Killer Industry”.
Reason : Mining helps in agriculture.
Answer : (c) Mining is a source a deforestation, high risk is involved, water sources get contaminated and mining doesn’t help in agriculture.

Question : Assertion : Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of India.
Reason : India is rich in good quality Iron ore.
Answer :Answer : (a) Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development. India is rich in good quality iron ores. Iron ore is exported largely from India, however the reason does not justify the assertion.

Question : Assertion : Conservation of Energy Resources is essential.
Reason : Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
Answer : (a) Energy saved is energy produced, the economic development plans were implemented since Independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational.

Question : Assertion : Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.
Reason : Minerals have a universal use, they are used to manufacture everything we use in our day to day lives.
Answer : (a) Minerals are found in varied forms in nature. Even the food that we eat contains minerals. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals.

Question : Assertion : Thermal power stations are located on or near the coal fields.
Reason : Coal is a bulky material, which loses weight on use as it is reduced to ash. Hence, heavy industries and thermal power stations are located on or near the coalfields.
Answer : (a) The reason justifies the assertion.

Read the extract and answer the questions that follows :

In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth‘s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes. In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as result of long periods under great heat and pressure. Another group of sedimentary minerals include gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions. Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. Bauxite is formed this way. Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley floors and the base of hills. These deposits are called ‘placer deposits' and generally contain minerals, which are not corroded by water. Gold, silver, tin and platinum are mosay.

Question : In which rocks the lodes and veins occur ?
Answer : Veins (smaller) and loades (bigger) are the cracks, crevices, faults and joints occurred in the igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Question : Which minerals are found in sedimentary rocks ? How are they formed ?
Answer : (i) Coal, gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt are found in the beds of sedimentary rocks.
(ii) Coal has been concentrated as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure where as gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions.

Question : What are ‘placer deposits‘ ?
Answer : (i) Placer deposits are alluvial deposits found in sands of valley floors and the base of hills.
(ii) They generally contain minerals, which are not corrorded by water.

Source/Extract Based Questions

We all appreciate the strong dependence of industry and agriculture upon mineral deposits and the substances manufactured from them. The total volume of workable mineral deposits is an insignificant fraction i.e. one per cent of the earth’s crust. We are rapidly consuming mineral resources that required millions of years to be created and concentrated. The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption. Mineral resources are, therefore, finite and nonrenewable. Rich mineral deposits are our country’s extremely valuable but short-lived possessions. Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease in quality.

Question : The Mineral resources are _______ and _______.
(a) Unlimited and Valuable
(b) Limited and exhaustible
(c) Limited and In exhaustible
(d) Unlimited and exhaustible
Answer : (b) Limited and exhaustible

Question : Rich mineral deposits are our country’s extremely valuable possessions. Identify which category these minerals belong to: (Img 851)

Choose the correct option—
(a) 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-b
(c) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d
(d) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d

Answer : (a) 1-b, 2-d, 3-a, 4-c

Question : Which of the following options is the reason for increasing price of minerals?
(a) Regular extraction
(b) Limited Availability
(c) Increasing extraction cost
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above

Question : Sustainable use of mineral resources depends upon_______.
(a) Latest technology
(b) Finding best alternatives
(c) Following 3 R formula
(d) All of the above
Answer : (d) All of the above 

Question : Where is high grade hematite ore found in Orissa?
Answer : In Orissa high grade hematite ore is found in badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.

Question : What are non-ferrous minerals? Give two examples.
Answer : The minerals which do not contain iron ore are called non-ferrous minerals.

Question : What are the Khetri mines in Rajasthan famous for?
Answer : The Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for copper production.

Question : How are bauxite deposits formed?
Answer : Bauxite deposits are formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.

Question : Why is copper mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries?
Answer : Copper is malleable, ductile and a good conductor of electricity. Therefore, it is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

Question : Define the term ‘Ore’.
Answer : The term ‘Ore’ is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements.

Question : What is the main use of manganese?
Answer : Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.

Question : What are ferrous minerals? Give two examples.
Answer : The minerals which contain iron ore are called ferrous minerals.
Two examples — manganese, nickel.

Question : Which are the two most common sources of energy in rural India?
Answer : Firewood and cattle dung cake are the two most common sources of energy in rural India.

Question : How do minerals occur in sedimentary rocks?
Answer :  In sedimentary rocks , minerals occur in beds and layers.

Question : How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your
Answer :  (i) India is a tropical country, therefore it receives sunlight in abundance throughout in rural and remote areas. (ii) Solar plant can be easily established in rural and remote areas. (iii) It will minimise the dependence of rural household on firewood and dung cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate quantity of manure.

Question : What are the two types occurrence of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks? 
Answer :  In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes.

Question : How is geo-thermal energy produced? Explain. 
Answer :  The Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth. Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths. Groundwater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot. It is so hot that when it rises to the earth's surface it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity.

Question : Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged? 
Answer :  (a) It creates pollution (b) By burning a manure resource is destroyed, which can improve soil fertility.

Question : How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru? 
Answer : Iron ore is transported as slurry through pipelines.

Question : Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals? 
Answer : The varied colours found in minerals are due to its chemical composition, and the parameters such as temperature, pressure, rate of cooling etc., present during its formation.

Question : Name the key users of natural gas.
Answer : The power and fertiliser industries are the key users of natural gas.

Question : How is hydro-electricity generated?
Answer : Hydro-electricity is generated by fast flowing water.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Minerals and Energy Resources

Question : How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain.
Or
How does mining adversely affect the health and the environment?
Answer : Mining activity is often called a “killer industry” due to high risks involved. The dust and poisonous fumes inhaled by the miners expose them to pulmonary diseases.The risk of collapsing mine roofs, inundation and fires in coalmines are a constant threat to miners. The water sources in the region get contaminated due to mining. Dumping of waste and slurry leads to degradation of land, soil and river pollution.

Question : (i) How are bauxite formed?
(ii) Where are India’s bauxite deposits found?
(iii) Which are the most important bauxite deposits located in Orissa?
Answer : (i) Bauxite deposits are formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
(ii) India’s bauxite deposits are found in the Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and the plateau region of Bilaspur – Katre.
(iii) Panchapatmali deposits in Koraput district the most important bauxite deposits in Orissa.

Question : The pie chart given below shows the production of manganese in different states. On the basis of reading of diagram answer the following questions:

1. Mention any two uses of Manganese.
2. Which is the largest producer of Manganese?
Answer : 1. Uses of Manganese:
(i) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferromanganese alloy. Nearly 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.
(ii) It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.
2. Odisha is the largest producer of manganese ores in India approximately onethird of the country’s total production.

Question : What are non-metallic minerals? Write a short note on uses of mica and its distribution in India.
Answer : Minerals which do not contain metals or do not have metallic properties are called non-metallic minerals. For example, mica, limestone, salt, potash, sulphur, granite, marble, sandstone, etc.
Uses of Mica: Mica is considered to be the most important mineral in electric and electronic industries. Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, it is one of the most essential minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
Distribution of Mica in India: Koderma Gaya–Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of Mica. Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chhota Nagpur plateau. In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is around Ajmer. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country.

Question :  What is a mineral?
Answer : Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. They are formed by a combination of elements. They are an essential part of our lives. The hardest mineral is diamond and the softest is talc. Minerals are usually found in “ores”.

Question : How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions.
Answer :  Biogas can solve energy problem :
(i) Availibitlity of raw material is not a problem.
(ii) Awareness to be created about biogas.
(iii) It will reduce the burden on conventional sources of energy.
(iv) Educate the rural people about the use of biogas.
(v) It is a renewable source of energy.
(vi) Eco-friendly.

Question : How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and environment? Explain. 
Answer :  The mining activity is injurious to the health of the miners and environment as :
(a) The dust and toxic fumes can cause pulmonary disease to the miners.
(b) The roofs and walls of the mines have a risk of collapsing.
(c) Flooding or fire are a great risk in mines.
(d) The water bodies in the region get contaminated by mineral dust.
(e) Dumping of waste and slurry degrades the land. 

Question : Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them.
Answer :  Conservation of minerals is the need of the hour :
(i) Minerals are considered to be the backbone of the economy.
(ii) Industry largely depends on mineral deposits.
(iii) Total volume of workable mineral deposits is very less-only 1% of the earth's crust.
(iv) Mineral resources are being consumed rapidly, and minerals deposits need millions of years to be created and concentrated.
(v) The geological process of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
(vi) Mineral resources are finite and nonrenewable.
(vii) The rich mineral deposits of our country are extremely valuable but shorts-lived possessions. 

Question : Differentiate between metallic and nonmetallic minerals with examples. 
Answer :  Metallic Minerals:
(a) Metallic minerals are those minerals which can be processed to obtain metals.
(b) Magnetite, hematite, bauxite, are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(d) They are usually hard and have shines or luster of their own. Non-Metallic Minerals:
(a) Non-metallic minerals are those which do not yield new products on melting.
(b) Coal, salt, clay, marble are some examples.
(c) These are generally associated with sedimentary rocks.
(d) They are not so hard and have no shine or luster of their own.