CBSE Class 11 Computer Science Programming In C++ Notes

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Revision Notes for Class 11 Computer Science Programming In C++

Class 11 Computer Science students should refer to the following concepts and notes for Programming In C++ in Class 11. These exam notes for Class 11 Computer Science will be very useful for upcoming class tests and examinations and help you to score good marks

Programming In C++ Notes Class 11 Computer Science

Programming in C++

Investigation of Programming Construct in C++.

OBJECTIVES :

• to emphasize the programming construct available in C++

• to investigate each and every programming construct emphasizing the situation where they can be used perfectly.

• to demonstrate few working program in C++ using the constructs.

1.1 Why and What of Constructs in C++ programming

1.1.1 : Flow of logic

You have seen in the previous unit that a program is implementation of an algorithm (steps involved in problem solving) using a particular programming language like C , C++ , Java etc. In our case we are using C++ as a high level language (HLL) to code our programs.

A programming language like C++ is having a bundle of programming elements like tokens , identifiers , variables , constants , operator symbols , punctuation symbols etc. (please refer to earlier unit if you have not learnt all these terms.) . All these programming elements helps a programmer to write simple C++ programs as shown below :

program 1.1

// a simple program in C++ to add two integers

#include<iostream.h>

void main( )

{

int a = 0 , b = 0 ;

cout<<”Input two numbers”;

cin>> a>>b;

cout<<”The sum of numbers are: ” << (a+b);

}

The above program is a very basic program which asks two integer values from user and prints out their sum. In the above program you may observe that various programming elements like:

                         # < ( ) { = , a b << >> int void main ―Input two numbers ― ; are being used.

class_11_Computer_science_concept_3

Students the program above is very simple to be thought , written and executed, but in real industrial programming situation we seldom get such programs to write. There are many complex situation in life where we often need to write programs using few advanced programming elements. Let us investigate few of the real life situations :

a) Ram needs to find out whether any number is divisible by both 3 and 5.

b) A shopkeeper wants to give x % discount on a particular purchase only when the net purchase by his customer exceeds Rs. 1000

c) A teacher wants to calculate the average marks for each of his 40 pupils in a class.

d) Suresh wants to continue his program till he is pressing escape button on keyboard.

Can you program the above programming problems using the programming elements of C++ which you have learn till now ?

Your answer would be probably a NO , because the C++ programming elements which you have studied till now , will only enable you to write simple linear programs , or sequential programs.

1.1.2: Linear Flow

A simple linear program is one which has a linear flow of execution of programming logic /statements. e.g. program 1.1. The logic of program flows ( or better they are termed as control flow) from top to bottom out of set of statements.

Now let us proof the that program 1.1 follows a sequential flow of logic by the following flow chart diagram :

class_11_Computer_science_concept_4

 

So easy isn't it ? As you observe that the arrows are moving in one direction only from top to bottom ,the flow of program is sequential / linear.

 

Work out yourself :

 

Identify few of the programs which you have written while dealing Unit-3 and find whether they are following sequential flow of program? If yes can you make a flow chart to justify your idea.

 

So there exist a big question now that whether C++ programs have other types of flow of program which is totally different from linear flow. Yes , students we also have other types of flow of program.

 

Conditional Flow

 

Let us investigate the real life problems visited by us earlier in this chapter :

 

a) Ram needs to find out whether a number is divisible by both 3 and 5

 

We will represent the above problem in flow chart notation :

Programming in C++ 1

 

Program – 1.2

 

// program to implement the problem described by flowchart-2

 

#include<iostream.h>

 

void main( )

 

{

 

int num = 0 ; // declaring a variable num

 

cout<<‖Input the number you want to check‖ ;

 

cin>>num; // Inputting value of n

 

if ( n % 3 == 0 ) // checking whether n is divisible by 3 , consider the first rhombus of

 

{ the flowchart-2

 

if (n% 5 == 0 ) // checking whether n is divisible by 5 , consider the second rhombus

 

{ // of flowchart-2

 

cout<<‖The number you inputted is divisible by both 3 and 5‖ ; // path1

 

}

 

else

 

cout<<‖The number you inputted is not divisible both by 3 and 5‖; // path2

 

}

 

else

 

cout<<‖The number you inputted is not divisible both by 3 and 5‖; // path2

 

}

 

The shaded part of the above program shows how a conditional branching is implemented with an if ( )- else construct of C++.
 
Workout yourself :

Draw flowcharts for problem situation b) given earlier in page no. 4, and then find whether the problem follows a linear flow or conditional flow ? Check it out with you teacher.
 
1.1.3 : Iterative Flow / Cyclic Flow :
 
Now let us solve the problem situation c) given in page 4 with the help of a flowchart . i.e
A teacher wants to calculate the average marks for each of his 40 pupils in a class.
Let us assume that the teacher maintains count of his/her students in a variable say n.
Let the teacher starts n from 1st student i.e n = 1
Let there are marks in five subjects say s1 , s2 , s3 , s4 and s5 and Avg as Average
We must remember that this problem demands calculation of average marks of each student, i.e
Average marks for each of the individual 40 students would be calculated and displayed.
Programming in C++ 2


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CBSE Class 11 Computer Science Programming In C++ Notes

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