CBSE Class 9 Economics People As Resource Worksheet

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 9 Economics People As Resource Worksheet. Students and teachers of Class 9 Social Science can get free printable Worksheets for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource in PDF format prepared as per the latest syllabus and examination pattern in your schools. Class 9 students should practice questions and answers given here for Social Science in Class 9 which will help them to improve your knowledge of all important chapters and its topics. Students should also download free pdf of Class 9 Social Science Worksheets prepared by school teachers as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books and syllabus issued this academic year and solve important problems with solutions on daily basis to get more score in school exams and tests

Worksheet for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Class 9 Social Science students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf for Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource in Class 9. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 9 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 9 Social Science Worksheet for Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource


PEOPLE AS RESOURCE

Population of a nation can be its asset rather than liability.

‘People as resource’ refers to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. When existing human resource is developed by becoming educated and healthy it turns into human capital. Human capital is superior to other resources like land and physical capital, as it uses these capitals and adds value to them. Investment in human capital via education and medical care can give high returns in the future. Country like Japan have invested a lot in human resources. They do not have rich natural resources, but still they are called developed nations. Human beings perform many activities which can be grouped into economic and noneconomic. Economic Activities: Economic activities refer to those activities of man which are undertaken for a monetary gain or to satisfy his/her wants. The activities of workers, farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, etc. fall under this category.

Market Activities and Non-Market Activities

Economic activities are also called as market activities.

Non-market activities are production for self-consumption.

Non-Economic Activities: Non-economic activities are ones that are not undertaken for any monetary gain. These are also called unpaid activities, e.g.., Puja-paath, housekeeping, helping the poor or disabled, etc.
Classification of Economic Activities. Various economic activities can be classified into three main sectors, that is primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector. The primary sector includes activities like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, farming and mining. In this sector, goods are produced by exploiting nature. In the secondary sector, manufacturing (small and large) and construction activities are included. The tertiary sector (also called service sector) provides various types of services like transport, education, banking, insurance, health, tourism, etc.

In India traditionally there is division of labour between men and women.
Activities of Women. Women generally look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, housekeeping and looking after children
- Human Capital: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when it is provided with better education, training and health care facilities

Quality of Population.
The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy and skills formation acquired by the people of the country.

Role of Education:
Education is the most important component of human resource development. It contributes towards the growth of the society, enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases efficiency of governance.
In view of its contribution towards the growth of the society, government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP rose from 0.64% in 1951-52 to 3.98% in 2002-03. However, our national goal is 6% of GDP.
Literacy is uneven between males and females. Males are more literate. It also varies with urban and rural area. Urban population is more literate compared to rural.
There were 7.68 lakh schools by 2004-05. But education is diluted by the poor quality of schooling and high drop out rates. ‘Sarv Shiksha Abhiyan’ is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children below the age of 14.
Health:
Health is another very important component of human resource development. Efficiency of workers largely depends on their health. There has been considerable improvement in the country’s health standard. For instance, the life expectancy at the time of birth in India rose from 37.2 years in 1951 to 63.9 years in 2001. Similarly, infant mortality rate has come down from 147 to 47 by 2010.
Infant mortality rate is the death of the child under one year of age.
India has built up a vast health infrastructure but still much more is needed to be done.Unemployment: Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.

Nature of Unemployment in India:
Seasonal unemployment occurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during off-season). Farm labourers usually face this kind of problem.
Disguised unemployment is another kind of unemployment found in rural areas. Such kind of problem arises due to excessive pressure of population on agriculture. Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where in the number of workers in a job is more than actually required to do the job. The extra number of workers are disguisedly unemployed.
Increase in unemployment is an indicator of depressed economy.

Consequences of Unemployment:
(i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource.
(ii) Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload that is dependence of the unemployed on the working population.
(iii) Unemployment may lead to increase in social unrest and tension.

People as Resource

Human beings perform many activities which can be grouped into economic and noneconomic.

Economic Activities: Economic activities refer to those activities of man which are undertaken for a monetary gain or to satisfy his/her wants. The activities of workers, farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers, doctors, lawyers, taxi drivers, etc. fall under this

category.

Non-Economic Activities: Non-economic activities are ones that are not undertaken for any monetary gain. These are also called unpaid activities, e.g., Puja-paath, housekeeping, helping the poor or disabled, etc.

• Classification of Economic Activities. Various economic activities can be classified into three main sectors, that is primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector. The primary sector includes activities like agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, oultry, farming and mining. In this sector, goods are produced by exploiting nature. In the secondary sector, manufacturing (small and large) and construction activities are included. The tertiary sector (also called service sector) provides various types of services like transport, education, banking, insurance, health, tourism, etc.

 

 Market Activities and Non-Market Activities. Economic activities, i.e. production of goods and services can be classified into market activities and non-market activities. Market activities are performed for remuneration. Non-market activities are the activities carried out for self-consumption.

• Activities of Women. Women generally look after domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, housekeeping and looking after children.

 Human Capital: Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in human beings. Population (human beings) become human capital when it is provided with better education, training and health care facilities.

 People as a Resource: People as resource is a way of referring to a country’s workforce in terms of their existing skills and abilities.

• Human Capital Formation: When the existing human resource is further developed by spending on making the workforce more educated and healthy, it is called human capital formation.

 Quality of Population: The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, life expectancy and skills formation acquired by the people of the country.

• Role of Education: Education is the most important component of human resource development.

In view of its contribution towards the growth of the society, government expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP rose from 0.64% in 1951-52 to 3.98% in 2002-03.

However, our national goal is 6% of GDP. 

 

• Health: Health is another very important component of human resource development.

Efficiency of workers largely depends on their health.

There has been considerable improvement in the country’s health standard. For instance, the life expectancy at the time of birth in India rose from 37.2 years in 1951 to 63.9 years in 2001. Similarly, infant mortality rate has come down from 147 to 70 during the same time period. 

 

• Unemployment: Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rates cannot find jobs. When we talk of unemployed people, we refer to those in the age group of 15-59 years. Children below 15 years of age and the old people above 60 are not considered while counting the number of unemployed.

 

• Nature of Unemployment in India: Seasonal unemployment occurs when people fail to get work during some months of the year (that is, during off-season). Farm laborers usually face this kind of problem. Disguised unemployment is another kind of

unemployment found in rural areas. Such kind of problem arises due to excessive pressure of population on agriculture. Disguised unemployment refers to a situation wherein the number of workers in a job is more than actually required to do the job. The extra number of workers are disguisedly unemployed.

 

• Consequences of Unemployment:

(i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource.

(ii) Unemployment tends to increase the economic overload that is dependence of the unemployed on the working population. 

(iii) Unemployment may lead to increase in social unrest and tension.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

Question. Why is literacy rate low among the females?
(a) lack of equal education opportunities
(b) lack of transport facilities
(c) lack of infrastructure
(d) lack of income
Answer.(a)


Question. In which state was the literacy rate highest as per 2001 study?
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Bihar
(d) Orissa
Answer.(a)


Question. Which of the following is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years?
(a) Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
(b) Adult Education Programme
(c) Mid-day meal
(d) Mid-day meal
Answer.(a)


Question. Market activity refers to production for
(a) exchange
(b) earning income
(c) earning profit
(d) all the above
Answer.(d)


Question. Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of--
(a) good quality of life
(b) improvement in health sector
(c) better HDI (Human Development Index)
(d) all the above
Answer.(a)


Question. One who can read and write in any language with understanding is termed as
(a) student
(b) adult
(c) child
(d) literate
Answer.(d)


Question. What is India’s position in scientific and technical manpower in the world?
(a) first
(b) second
(c) third
(d) fourth
Answer.(c)


Question. Investment in human capital is expenditure on
(a) education
(b) training
(c) medical care
(d) all the above
Answer.(d)


Question. The scheme for the establishment of residential schools to impart education to talented children from rural areas is
(a) Kendriya Vidyalayas
(b) Navodaya Vidyalayas
(c) Sarvodaya Vidyalayas
(d) None of the aboves
Answer.(b)


Question. Services of housewives are included in
(a) national income
(b) domestic income
(c) household income
(d) none of the above
Answer.(d)


Question. Infant mortality rate refers to the death of a child under the age of
(a) 1 year
(b) 2 years
(c) 3 years
(d) 4 years
Answer.(a)


Question. Choose the non-market activities
(i) Vilas sells fish in the village market
(ii) Vilas cooks food for his family

(iii) Sakal works in a private firm
(iv) Sakal looks after his younger brother and sister
(a) (i) & (ii)
(b) (iii) & (iv)
(c) (i) & (iii)
(d) (ii) & (iv)
Answer.(d)


Question. Choose the primary sector activities
(i) Forestry (ii) Poultry farming (iii) Animal husbandry (iv) Manufacturing
(a) (i)
(b) (i), (ii), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iii), (iv)
(d) All the above
Answer.(b)


Question. Tertiary sector provides
(a) services
(b) goods
(c) both goods and services
(d) none
Answer.(a)


Question. Quality of population depends upon -
(a) literacy rate
(b) health
(c) skill
(d) all the above
Answer.(d)


Question. People as a resource refers to their
(a) educational skills
(b) productive skills
(c) health skills
(d) none of the above
Answer.(b)


Question. Disguised unemployment occurs when the number of persons working on a farm is --
(a) only what is required
(b) more than required
(c) less than required
(d) None of the above
Answer.(b)


Question. If a person in rural areas cannot find jobs during some months of the year, which type of employment is this called?
(a) Structural unemployment
(b) Cyclical unemployment
(c) Seasonal unemployment
(d) None of these
Answer.(c)


Question. What is the literacy rate of India as per 2001 census?
(a) 60%
(b) 62%
(c) 65%
(d) 70%
Answer.(c)


Question. Which of the following sectors is related to agriculture, forestry and dairy?
(a) Primary Sector
(b) Tertiary Sector
(c) Secondary Sector
(d) None of the above
Answer.(a)


Question. What do you understand by ’people as a resource’?
Answer. People who are part of the workforce are called human resource. By contributing in productivity, the human resource plays a significant role in the economy of a country. Any other resource becomes useful only because of the input by the human resource.


Question. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer. Human resource is different from other resources in many senses. Human resources need education, training and healthcare to develop. On the other hand, land and physical capital need money and physical inputs to develop. Land and physical capital are useless without human resources.


Question. What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer. Education plays an important role in human capital formation. Education improves the quality of human resources. An educated person is likely to contribute to the economy in a better way than an uneducated person. We should keep in mind that education does not only mean a formal education to obtain degrees but also means skill development.


Question. What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer. Health plays an important role in human capital formation. A healthy person is more likely to realize his full potential and can become an asset for the economy. An unhealthy person is less likely to realize his potential and can become a liability for the economy.


Question. What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Answer. A healthy person will not have to take frequent breaks from his work. By working on full schedule, a healthy person can improve his earnings and can live a better life. Moreover, he will also be in a position to save on medical bills. The money thus saved can be utilised for creating some assets.


Question. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer. Primary Sector: Agriculture, poultry farming, fishing, horticulture, animal husbandry, mining, quarrying, etc.
Secondary Sector: Manufacturing
Tertiary Sector: Banking, transport, finance and different types of services


Question. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer. An activity which is done with the aim of monetary return is called an economic activity,while an activity which is not done with the aim of monetary return is called a non-economic activity. The most quoted example to understand this is that of a teacher. When a teacher teaches students in a school, he is doing economic activity. When the same teacher teaches his son, he is doing non-economic activity.


Question. Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer. Our society has evolved in such a way, that a woman’s work is given less importance. Bias against women is the prime reason of lower wages given to women.


Question. How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer. When a person is actively seeking a job but is unable to get employed, he is called an unemployed person. This condition is called unemployment.


Question. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer. Disguised employment is the situation when more people are working on something which can be efficiently done by less number of people. Seasonal employment is the situation in which people remain without work in certain months of a year.


Question. Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Answer. India has a huge population and every year a large number of people graduate from schools and colleges. Employment generation in various sectors is not keeping pace with the number of educated people coming out of educational institutions. Due to this, educated unemployed is a peculiar problem of India.


Question. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer. Service sector can generate the maximum employment opportunity.


Question. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer. The current curriculum is based on theoretical learning and no emphasis is being given on skill development. There should be more emphasis on vocational training so that people can become employable. People in India have a greater inclination towards joining a job rather than becoming entrepreneurs. There is a need for change in such a mindset.


Question. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?
Answer. There can be many examples of such villages. When an infrastructure project or some industry develops near a village, employment generation takes place. Gurgaon can be a very good example. Before the beginning of the Maruti Udyog Limited, Gurgaon used to be a small village.Subsequent development of industry changed the situation in Gurgaon.


Question. Which capital would you consider the best: land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer. Human capital is the best because other resources are useless without human capital.

Activity

Question. Visit a nearby hospital, either government or private and note-down the following details:
(i) How many beds are there in the hospital you have visited?
(ii) How many doctors are there in the hospital?
(iii) How many nurses work in that hospital?
Besides try to gather the following additional information:
(iv) How many hospitals are there in your locality?
(v) How many dispensaries are there in your locality?
Answer : 
I visited a medium sized private hospital located near my house.
(i) There are 30 beds in the hospital. All beds were well maintained and cleanliness is at the top; hygiene is maintained by the workers and different beds are made available for different kind of patients so that the disease of one patient can’t be communicated to others.
(ii) There are 20 doctors available in the hospital. All doctors come on time and they also ensure proper maintenance of their dress and hygiene. They are very polite. There are 5 doctors especially for children and various other specialists as well.
(iii) Around 30 nurses work over there. All of them dress themselves properly and ensure hygiene in the hospital. They assist doctors in their work and look after the patients in absence of the doctors.
(iv) There are two hospitals near my locality. One of them is a government hospital and other is privately owned. The government hospital is really big in size but one can easily see underutilization as well as wastage of resources. The doctors hardly come on time, there are apparent issues with hygiene and almost negligible accountability towards the patients. The prices for availing the facilities is though very low. The private hospital on the other hand is expensive. The facilities in the hospital are very well managed and a close vigil is maintained over the timings as well as the service quality.
(v) There are three small dispensaries in our locality. They are managed by well qualified doctors. One of the dispensaries holds specialisation in handling child and woman related medical issues, one is managed by a bone specialist doctor and the third one is a physician clinic.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question : What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?
Answer :  People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and technology to do so. This is why human beings are considered a resource. It is the abilities of human beings which help in transferring a physical material into a valuable resource.
'People as a resource' is a way of referring to a country's working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. The idea of people as a resource is linked to the concept of human capital - i.e., the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a population. Any production of goods and services requires the presence of the four factors of production, namely land, labour, physical capital and human capital. The knowledge and enterprise provided by the human capital puts together the other three factors to produce an output. Population becomes an asset instead of a liability when investments are made in the form of education, training and medical care.
 
Question : How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer : Human resource makes use of other resources like land and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. This is the reason why human resource is considered to be superior to the other resources.
 
Question : What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer : Human capital refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a population. Proper education and training enable the formation of this human capital. An educated population is an asset, a resource. In contrast to the uneducated and untrained, educated individuals make efficient use of the available resources and opportunities.
Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Education enhances the quantity and quality of individual productivity, which in turn adds to the growth of the economy. Aware of the benefits of education, educated persons help in its perpetuation. The advantages of an educated population spread to even those who themselves are not educated. Hence, educated people benefit the society as a whole. Thus, education plays the role of a catalyst in transforming a human being into a positive asset and a precious national resource.
 
Question : What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer : Human capital refers to the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in a population. This skill and productive knowledge is provided with the help of proper education and training. However, the benefits of education alone do not lead to the creation of human capital. A human population which is educated but unhealthy cannot realise its potential. An unhealthy population is a liability, and not an asset. Hence, health is an indispensable basis for realising one's well being.
 
Question : What part does health play in the individual's working life?
Answer :  The health of an individual helps him to realise his potential and also gives him the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy individual is a liability to his place of work. The health of a person is directly related to his efficiency. As compared to an unhealthy individual, a healthy person can work more efficiently and with greater productivity.
 
Question : What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer :  Primary sector comprises activities related to the extraction and production of natural resources. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying are the activities undertaken in this sector.
Secondary sector comprises activities related to the processing of natural resources. Manufacturing is included in this sector.
Tertiary sector comprises activities that provide support to the primary and secondary sectors through various services. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, insurance, etc., are examples of tertiary activities.
 
Question : What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer :  Activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. These have two parts - market activities (production for pay or profit) and non-market activities (production for self consumption).
Non-economic activities are the ones that do not add to the national income; for example, an individual performing domestic chores.
 
Question : Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer : Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Due to gender discrimination, women are generally denied the education and the necessary skills to become worthy contributors to the national income. As a result, a majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation. This is one of the reasons why they get paid less than men. Also, the perpetuation of gender prejudices such as “a woman cannot do as much physical work as a man” put women at a disadvantage.
 
Question : How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer :  Unemployment is a situation in which people who are able and willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs.
Anindividual is termed as unemployed if he or she is part of the workforce of a country, and is capable and willing to work for payment, but is unable to do so. 
 
Question :  Why are educated unemployed a peculiar problem of India?
Answer :  If disguised unemployment characterises rural India, educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of urban India. This is the situation wherein a number of youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find suitable jobs. The education system is such that even after about 18 years of education, a person can well be termed as unskilled. What this does is that a large number of unskilled educated youth get churned out of educational institutions year after year, but only a fraction of them are able to find suitable jobs. Among the remaining, some remain unemployed while others get employed in activities that seem inadequate as per their potential. This in turn leads to the wastage of the huge amounts of resources that had been spent on educating them.
 
Question : Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer :  Measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:
(a) Make education at the secondary level more career-oriented, which would endow individuals with not only education but also the requisite skills for gaining successful employment.
(b) Create a sort of screening process whereby each individual chooses subjects that suit his or her abilities.
(c) The introduction of newer subjects and fields of study at the school level should be accompanied by a growth of job opportunities in the sectors that would employ the students electing to study such subjects.
 
Question : Which capital would you consider the best - land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer : Human capital makes use of the other resources like land, labour and physical capital to produce an output. The other resources cannot become useful on their own. Hence, human capital may well be considered the best among all the resources.
 

Long Answer Type Questions

Question : Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem in India?
Answer : India faces many problems and one of those problems is the problem of educated unemployment. It has become a very common issue in urban areas, youth with matriculation, graduation and even post-graduation degrees are unable to get a job. This problem has become peculiar in following ways:
1. There has been national investment on training and skill building of the professionals and when they do not get jobs then they can’t contribute to national development. Thus, the investment yields no returns.
2. India is amongst the world leaders when it comes of the numbers of work worthy population. But this advantage transforms into a bane when this population is not able to get employment and becomes a liability on rest of the working population.
3. Surplus of employment is one of the major issues as the number of people who are under disguised unemployment is very high.
4. The increase in the number of educated unemployed population means that the economic activities too are slowed down as these activities would have been providing employment if they were in full pace.

Question : Which capital would you consider the best-land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer : Among land, labour, physical capital and human capital, human capital will be considered the best capital because it is an active factor of production whereas all the other three are passive factors of production.
It is the human capital which produces the goods and services by combining the other three factors of production because these three factors will be useless without human capital. But at the same time, we can’t ignore these three factors as all factors are compliments of each other.
The quality of human capital can also be improved by investing in the value adding measures like education. The value off other resources generally depreciates with time but as through time human capital gains experience, thus its value and efficacy increase.

Question : What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer : Role of health in human capital formation:
Health plays a significant role the same as education. It doesn’t mean that you don’t have any disease but it also means that favourable condition of physical and mental well-being.
Good health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. If a person is not healthy then s/he won’t be able to work properly whether the person is educated or not. Because the health of a person helps her/him to realize the potential and the ability to fight illness.
Workers, whose health is not good, fall sick quite often and they cannot do their jobs efficiently. So, for the growth of the economy, a person’s health is very important to be good.
Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. National policy is also aimed at improving the accessibility of health care, family welfare and nutritional service with special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population.

Question : In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer : In my opinion India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the manufacturing sector which is also known as secondary sector. Establishment of a single manufacturing unit has the ability to provide employment to multiple skilled workers. This is also important as it kick starts a cycle of events which culminate in the eventual improvement of lifestyle and standard of those working in and around the manufacturing unit.

Question : What do you understand by "people as a resource'?
Answer : It refers to the fact that the human beings are assets for an economy and they are the working capital having different productive skills and abilities. People as a resource contribute to the creation of the National Product. Growing population may be considered as the positive aspect and a factor of production if people work in an efficient manner so that they are able to contribute to the national growth and development. The population of a country becomes human capital when there is an investment made in the form of education, training and medical care.

Question : Can you imagine some villages which initially had no job opportunities but later on came up with many?
Answer : Yes, it can be imagined that some villages which initially had no job opportunities but later on came up with many. One day my grandfather told me that he was born in very small village that had no job opportunities. He was to suffer a lot even for tiny products he had to go to miles as there were hardly any shops in vicinity. He used to go to nearby town to sell the surplus grains and used to buy seeds, manure etc. from there. But with time many changes have taken place in his village. Following are few of those changes:
1. Many primary schools have been opened in the village and now teachers teach there; earlier there was lack of teachers. Now the villagers send their kids to the school, which was not there before especially for the girl child.
2. Some training centres and institutions have been set up on the villages. So that girls and boys can go over there and learn some vocational skills.
3. A rich farmer has started sugarcane crushing factory in the village and villagers have been employed in factory to earn their livelihood.
4. A villager has established a computer centre and hired few teachers to train the students in the same way he got the training.

Question : What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer : Economic activities:
1. The activities which are performed for money and results in economic income are called economic activities. These activities add value to the national income.
2. Generally carried out to satisfy human needs.
3. E.g activities that result in monetary gains like mining, forestry, etc.
Non-economic activities:
1. Those activities which are not performed for money and do not result in economic income are called non-economic activities.
2. Generally carried out for gaining social and psychological satisfaction.
3. E.g. social service activities like volunteering in an NGO, charity, etc.

Question : How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer : Unemployment: Unemployment is that situation when a person wants to work at given wages but due to different causes they are unable to get work. The working population includes people from 15 to 59 years. Boys and girls below the age of 15 years and men and women above the age of 59 are not categorised under working population.
The term employment is further explained with the help of two examples:
1. Willing to work at prevalent wage-rate: Under this, a person will be called unemployed only when he is willing to work at the given wage but cannot find jobs. The person having no will to work and does not get the job will not be termed as unemployed.
For example, Sakal’s mother Sheela looks after her domestic works and helps her husband in his agriculture. She has no will to work outside her house for any kind of payment, so in this case she won’t be called unemployed.
2. Age under 15 years to 59 years: Roma and Siya are 10 years and 14 years old and their grandfather is 62 years old, so they won’t be categorised under the age group of 15-59. In this way they won’t be called unemployed.

Question : How is human resource different from other resources like, land and physical capital?
Answer :
CBSE Class 9 Economics People As Resource Worksheet Set B_1

Question : What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and the tertiary sector?
Answer : Various activities undertaken may be classified under three sectors namely (i) Primary sector, (ii) Secondary sector and (iii) Tertiary sector.
1. Primary Sector: The primary sector involves agriculture, forestry, poultry, animal husbandry and mining. Here, lands are cultivated for producing grains and other food items, while animal husbandry refers to the science of breeding and caring of farm animals. This sector basically deals with agriculture. This sector deals with using the resources available in the natural form and converting them into some usable products of consumption.
2. Secondary Sector: The secondary sector involves construction of large building typically a large structure and manufacturing which refers to the process of converting raw materials, components, or parts into finished goods that meet a customer’s expectations or specifications. It commonly employs a man-machine setup with division of labor in a large scale production.
3. Tertiary Sector: The tertiary sector involves transport, communication, banking, health, education, insurance etc. This sector is predominantly governed by the educated section of the society. The activities of this sector require a certain level of vocational skill and knowledge. This sector is responsible for maintaining and increasing the efficiency of the activities in both the other sectors.

Question : What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer : Education is the most significant element of human resource development. It makes people capable of reading, writing, speaking and understanding. 
1. It improves the level of understanding of various important aspects of life.
2. It is helpful in opening new scopes for the people in different fields and provides encouragement.
3. It develops knowledge, skill and value of life.
4. It is helpful in improving human behaviour.
5. It is helpful in enhancing the total productivity of labour.
6. It promotes rational and scientific outlook for the solution of problems faced by the country.

Question : Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer : Following reasons are responsible for the low paid employment of women:
1. Higher education is required for more pay but socially males are prioritized in education on regular basis on the other side females are educated on an irregular basis sometimes not that too.
2. There are a few places where men are put at top priority because of being a maledominated world. Women are kept inside the house due to which training and skill can’t be gained by them which is the requirement for responsible and well-paid employment opportunities.
3. There are few works which need more physical strength but women are considered physically weak and thus are paid less even for the same number of hours worked.
4. Women are often burdened with the added responsibility for the household chores which makes them an uncertain resource. Due to this, the employers tend to pay them lesser than the males.

Question : Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of educated unemployed?
Answer : Following are the measures which may be suggested with regard to education system to reduce the problem of educated unemployed:
1. Education system must be made job oriented and not just for academic purpose.
2. It must be made more practical than theoretical.
3. The student must be made aware and encouraged about self-employment and not being dependent on jobs only.
4. Various innovative methods like interactive course material, smart learning programs etc. can be very helpful in generating interest amongst the students.

Question : What part does health play in the individual's working life?
Answer : Role of health in human's working life:
Health plays a significant role the same as education. Health doesn’t mean that you don’t have any disease but also it means that favorable condition of physical and mental well-being.
Good health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. If a person is not healthy then s/he won’t be able to work properly whether the person is educated or not. Because the health of a person helps her/him to realize the potential and the ability to fight illness.
Workers, whose health is not good, fall sick quite often and they cannot do their jobs efficiently. So, for the growth of the economy a person’s health is very important to be good which plays a vital role in human capital formation.
Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. National policy is also aimed at improving the accessibility of health care, family welfare and nutritional service with special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population.

Question : What is difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer : Difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment: Disguised unemployment refers to that employment in which a number of workers are indulged in a job where there is no requirement of those workers, and if some of them are withdrawn from the job, the production will not be affected. In disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed. This happens among family members indulged in agricultural activity. For example, if the agricultural activity requires the service of five people, but eight people are engaged then three people are disguisedly unemployed.
Seasonal unemployment refers to unemployment when people are not able to get the job during some specific months of a year. For example, people who are dependent on agriculture cultivate the crops which are sown in the month from July to December, so in the other six months, they will be unemployed, because agriculture is a seasonal activity. Crops are grown according to the season. This is called seasonal unemployment because, during the offseason, the farmers are sitting idle having no work to do.

Question : Visit a nearby hospital, either government or private and note-down the following details:
(i) How many beds are there in the hospital you have visited?
(ii) How many doctors are there in the hospital?
(iii) How many nurses work in that hospital?
Besides try to gather the following additional information:
(iv) How many hospitals are there in your locality?
(v) How many dispensaries are there in your locality?
Answer :
I visited a medium sized private hospital located near my house.
(i) There are 30 beds in the hospital. All beds were well maintained and cleanliness is at the top; hygiene is maintained by the workers and different beds are made available for different kind of patients so that the disease of one patient can’t be communicated to others.
(ii) There are 20 doctors available in the hospital. All doctors come on time and they also ensure proper maintenance of their dress and hygiene. They are very polite. There are 5 doctors especially for children and various other specialists as well.
(iii) Around 30 nurses work over there. All of them dress themselves properly and ensure hygiene in the hospital. They assist doctors in their work and look after the patients in absence of the doctors.
(iv) There are two hospitals near my locality. One of them is a government hospital and other is privately owned. The government hospital is really big in size but one can easily see underutilization as well as wastage of resources. The doctors hardly come on time, there are apparent issues with hygiene and almost negligible accountability towards the patients. The prices for availing the facilities is though very low. The private hospital on the other hand is expensive. The facilities in the hospital are very well managed and a close vigil is maintained over the timings as well as the service quality.
(v) There are three small dispensaries in our locality. They are managed by well qualified doctors. One of the dispensaries holds specialisation in handling child and woman related medical issues, one is managed by a bone specialist doctor and the third one is a physician clinic.

II) Match the following:

Peo

Contemporary India Chapter 01 India Size and Location
CBSE Class 9 Geography India Size And Location Worksheet
Contemporary India Chapter 02 Physical Features of India
CBSE Class 9 Social Science Physical Features of India Worksheet
Contemporary India Chapter 03 Drainage
CBSE Class 9 Geography Drainage Worksheet
Contemporary India Chapter 04 Climate
CBSE Class 9 Geography Climate Worksheet
Contemporary India Chapter 05 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
CBSE Class 9 Geography Worksheet Natural Vegetation And Wild Life Worksheet
Contemporary India Chapter 06 Population
CBSE Class 9 Geography Population Worksheet
Democratic Politics I Chapter 01 What is Democracy?
CBSE Class 9 Social Science What Is Democracy Worksheet
Democratic Politics I Chapter 02 Constitutional Design
CBSE Class 9 Civics Constitutional Design Worksheet
Democratic Politics I Chapter 03 Electoral Politics
CBSE Class 9 Political Science Electoral Politics Worksheet
Democratic Politics I Chapter 04 Working of Institutions
CBSE Class 9 Civics Working Of Institutions Worksheet
Economics Chapter 01 The Story of Village Palampur
CBSE Class 9 Economics The Story Of Village Palampur Worksheet
Economics Chapter 02 People as Resource
CBSE Class 9 Economics People As Resource Worksheet
Economics Chapter 03 Poverty as a Challenge
CBSE Class 9 Economics Poverty As A Challenge Worksheet
Economics Chapter 03 Poverty As A Challenge
CBSE Class 9 Social Science Poverty As A Challenge
Economics Chapter 04 Food Security in India
CBSE Class 9 Economics Food Security In India Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 01 The French Revolution
CBSE Class 9 Social Science French Revolution Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 02 Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution
CBSE Class 9 Social Science Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 03 Nazism And The Rise Of Hiter
CBSE Class 9 Social Science Nazism And The Rise Of Hiter Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 03 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
CBSE Class 9 History Nazism And Rise Of Hitler Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 04 Forest Society and Colonialism
CBSE Class 9 History Forest Society And Colonialism A Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 05 Pastoralists in the Modern World
CBSE Class 9 History Pastoralists In The Modern World Worksheet
India and Contemporary I Chapter 07 The Story of Cricket
CBSE Class 9 History Sports The Story Of Cricket Worksheet

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