NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Why Do We Need A Parliament

  Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament?     We in India pride ourselves on being a democracy. Here we will try and understand the relation between the ideas of participation in decision-making and the need for all democratic governments to have the consent…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Understanding Secularism

  Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism     Imagine yourself as a Hindu or Muslim living in a part of the United States of America where Christian fundamentalism is very powerful. Suppose that despite being a US citizen, no one is willing to rent their house…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Understanding Our Criminal Justice System

  Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System   When we see someone violating the law, we immediately think of informing the police. You might have seen, either in real life or in the movies, police officers filing reports and arresting persons.…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Understanding Marginalization

  Chapter-7 Understanding Marginalisation     What Does it Mean to be Socially Marginalised?   To be marginalised is to be forced to occupy the sides or fringes and thus not be at the centre of things. This is something that some of you have…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Understanding Laws

  Chapter-4 Understanding  Laws         You may be familiar with some laws such as those that specify the age of marriage, the age at which a person can vote, and perhaps even the laws dealing with buying and selling of property. We now…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life The Indian Constitution

  Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution     In this chapter, we are going to begin with football, a game many of you have probably heard of, or even played. As the name suggests, this is a game that involves the players’ feet. According to the rules of…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Public Facilities

  Chapter 9 Public Facilities     Amu  and  Kumar  are travelling  through Chennai  in  a  bus.  As they  go  round  the  city, they  observe  the  water facilities  available…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Law and Social Justice

  Chapter 10   Law and Social Justice     Do you recall the ‘Story of a shirt’ from your Class VII book? We saw there that a chain of markets links the producer of cotton to the buyer of the shirt in the supermarket. Buying and selling was…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Judiciary

  Chapter-5   Judiciary  A glance at the newspaper provides you a glimpse of the range of work done by the courts in this country. But can you think of why we need these courts? As you have read in Unit 2, in India we have the rule of law. What this means is…

NCERT Class 8 Civics Social and Political Life Confronting Marginalization

    Invoking Fundamental Rights   The Constitution, as you have learnt in the first chapter of this book, lays down the principles that make our society and polity democratic. They are defined in and through the list of Fundamental Rights that are an…