NCERT Class 9 History Socialism in Europe

Read and download NCERT Class 9 History Socialism in Europe in NCERT book for Class 9 Social Science. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Social Science textbook for Class 9 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 9 Social Science to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 9 Social Science India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Class 9 Social Science students should refer to the following NCERT Book India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution in Class 9. This NCERT Book for Class 9 Social Science will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution NCERT Book Class 9

 

 

Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

The Age of Social Change

In the previous chapter you read about the powerful ideas of freedom and equality that circulated in Europe after the French Revolution. The French Revolution opened up the possibility of creating a dramatic change in the way in which society was structured. As you have read, before the eighteenth century society was broadly divided into estates and orders and it was the aristocracy and church which controlled economic and social power. Suddenly, after the revolution, it seemed possible to change this. In many parts of the world including Europe and Asia, new ideas about individual rights and who controlled social power began to be discussed. In India, Raja Rammohan Roy and Derozio talked of the significance of the French Revolution, and many others debated the ideas of post-revolutionary Europe. The developments in the colonies, in turn, reshaped these ideas of societal change.

Not everyone in Europe, however, wanted a complete transformation of society. Responses varied from those who accepted that some change was necessary but wished for a gradual shift, to those who wanted to restructure society radically. Some were ‘conservatives’, others were ‘liberals’ or ‘radicals’. What did these terms really mean in the context of the time? What separated these strands of politics and what linked them together? We must remember that these terms do not mean the same thing in all contexts or at all times.

We will look briefly at some of the important political traditions ofthe nineteenth century, and see how they influenced change. Then we will focus on one historical event in which there was an attempt at a radical transformation of society. Through the revolution in Russia, socialism became one of the most significant and powerful ideas to shape society in the twentieth century.

1.1 Liberals, Radicals and Conservatives

One of the groups which looked to change society were the liberals. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. We should remember that at this time European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another (Britain favoured the Church of England, Austria and Spain favoured the Catholic Church). Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. However, they were not ‘democrats’. They did not believe in universal adult franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. They also did not want the vote for women.

In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. Many supported women’s suffragette movements. Unlike liberals, they opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. They were not against the existence of private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few.

Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals. After the French Revolution, however, even conservatives had opened their minds to the need for change. Earlier, in the eighteenth century, conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change. By the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable but believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

Such differing ideas about societal change clashed during the social and political turmoil that followed the French Revolution. The various attempts at revolution and national transformation in the nineteenth century helped define both the limits and potential of these political tendencies.

Questions

 1. What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?

2. In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?

3. Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?

4. Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history.

5. What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?

6. Write a few lines to show what you know about:

a. kulaks

b. the Duma

c. women workers between 1900 and 1930

d. the Liberals

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 9 History Socialism in Europe

Chapter 01 The Story of Village Palampur
CBSE Class 9 Economics The Story of Village Palampur
Chapter 02 People as Resource
CBSE Class 9 Economics People as Resource
Chapter 03 Poverty as a Challenge
CBSE Class 9 Economics Poverty as a Challenge
Chapter 04 Food Security in India
CBSE Class 9 Economics Food Security in India
Contemporary India Chapter 01 India Size and Location
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India India Size and Location
Contemporary India Chapter 02 Physical Features of India
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India Physical Features of India
Contemporary India Chapter 03 Drainage
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India Drainage
Contemporary India Chapter 04 Climate
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India Climate
Contemporary India Chapter 05 Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Contemporary India Chapter 06 Population
NCERT Class 9 Geography Contemporary India Population
Democratic Politics I Chapter 01 What is Democracy?
NCERT Class 9 Political Science What is Democracy
Democratic Politics I Chapter 02 Constitutional Design
NCERT Class 9 Political Science Constitutional Design
Democratic Politics I Chapter 03 Electoral Politics
NCERT Class 9 Political Science Electoral Politics
Democratic Politics I Chapter 04 Working of Institutions
NCERT Class 9 Political Science Working of Institutions
Democratic Politics I Chapter 05 Democratic Rights
NCERT Class 9 Political Science Democratic Rights
India and the Contemporary World-I Chapter 01 The French Revolution
NCERT Class 9 History The French Revolution
India and the Contemporary World-I Chapter 02 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
NCERT Class 9 History Socialism in Europe
India and the Contemporary World-I Chapter 03 Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
NCERT Class 9 History Nazism and the Rise of Hitler
India and the Contemporary World-I Chapter 04 Forest Society and Colonialism
NCERT Class 9 History Forest Society and Colonialism
India and the Contemporary World-I Chapter 05 Pastoralists in the Modern World
NCERT Class 9 History Pastoralists in the Modern World

Social Science NCERT Book Class 9 India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

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NCERT Book Class 9 Social Science India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

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India and the Contemporary WorldI Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution NCERT Book Class 9 Social Science

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