NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth

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NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 2 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth

Class 12 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT Book Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 2 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 2 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth NCERT Book Class 12

 

The World Population Distribution, Density and Growth

The people of a country are its real wealth. It is they who make use of the country’s resources and decide its policies. Ultimately a country is known by its people.

It is important to know how many women and men a country has, how many children are born each year, how many people die and how? Whether they live in cities or villages, can they read or write and what work do they do? These are what you will study about in this unit. The world at the beginning of 21st century recorded the presence of over 6 billion population. We shall discuss the patterns of their distribution and density here. Why do people prefer to live in certain regions and not in others?

The population of the world is unevenly distributed. The remark of George B. Cressey about the population of Asia that “Asia has many places where people are few and few place where people are very many” is true about the pattern of population distribution of the world also.

PATTERNS OF POPULATION

DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD

Patterns of population distribution and density help us to understand the demographic characteristics of any area. The term population distribution refers to the way people are spaced over the earth’s surface. Broadly, 90 per cent of the world population lives in about 10 per cent of its land area.

The 10 most populous countries of the world contribute about 60 per cent of the world’s population. Of these 10 countries, 6 are located in Asia. Identify these six countries of Asia.

DENSITY OF POPULATION

Each unit of land has limited capacity to support people living on it. Hence, it is necessary to understand the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of land. This ratio is the density of population. It is usually measured in persons per sq km These are the densely populated parts of the world with more than 200 persons on every sq km. These are the North -Eastern part of U.S.A., North-Western part of Europe, South, South-East and East Asia.

Other areas like those near the North and South Poles, the hot and the cold deserts and high rainfall zones near the Equator have very low density of population. These are the sparsely populated regions of the world with less than 01 person per sq km. In between these two types are the areas of medium density. There are 11 to 50 persons per sq km in these areas. Western China, Southern India in Asia, Norway, Sweden in Europe are some examples.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE

(i) Availability of water: It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. Water is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world.

(ii) Landforms: People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. The mountainous and hilly areas hinder the development of transport network and hence initially do not favour agricultural and industrial development. So, these areas tend to be less populated. The Ganga plains are among the most densely populated areas of the world while the mountains zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.

(iii) Climate: An extreme climate such as very hot or cold deserts are uncomfortable for human habitation. Areas with a comfortable climate, where there is not much seasonal variation attract more people. Areas with very heavy rainfall or extreme and harsh climates have low population. Mediterranean regions were inhabited from early periods in history due to their pleasant climate.

(iv) Soils: Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore, areas which have fertile loamy soils have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture. Can you name some areas in India which are thinly populated due to poor soils?

 

EXERCISES

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

    (i) Which one of the following continents has the highest growth of population?

            (a) Africa                                                             (c) Asia

            (b) South America                                                (d) North America

    (ii) Which one of the following is not an area of sparse population?

            (a) The Atacama                                                  (c) Equatorial region

            (b) South-east Asia                                              (d) Polar regions

    (iii) Which one of the following is not a push factor ?

            (a) Water shortage                                              (c) Unemployment

            (b) Medical/educational facilities                            (d) Epidemics

    (iv) Which one of the following is not a fact ?

            (a) Human population increased more than ten times during the past 500 years.

            (b) Nearly 80 million people are added to the world population each year.

            (c) It took 100 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.

            (d) Population growth is high in the first stage of demographic transition?

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

    (i) Name three geographical factors that influence the distribution of population.

    (ii) There are a number of areas with high population density in the world. Why does this happen?

    (iii) What are the three components of population change?

3. Distinguish between:

    (i) Birth rate and death rate.

    (ii) Push factors and pull factors of migration.

4. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

    (i) Discuss the factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world.

    (ii) Discuss the three stages of demographic transition.

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population - Distribution Density and Growth

Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix I
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix I
Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix II
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix II
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 01 Human Geography Nature and Scope
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Geography Nature and Scope
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 02 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 03 Population Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 04 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 05 Primary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Primary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 06 Secondary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 07 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 08 Transport and Communication
NCERT Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 09 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
Fundamentals of Human Geography Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
India People and Economy Appendices
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendices
India People and Economy Chapter 01 Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
India People and Economy Chapter 02 Migration Types Causes and Consequences
NCERT Class 12 Geography Migration Types Causes and Consequences
India People and Economy Chapter 03 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
India People and Economy Chapter 04 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
India People and Economy Chapter 05 Land Resources and Agriculture
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture
India People and Economy Chapter 06 Water Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 07 Mineral and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 08 Manufacturing Industries
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries
India People and Economy Chapter 09 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
India People and Economy Chapter 11 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
India People and Economy Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
NCERT Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
India People and Economy Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
Practical Work in Geography Part II Annexure
NCERT Class 12 Geography Annexure
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 01 Data Its Sources and Compilation
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Its Sources and Compilation
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 02 Data Processing
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 03 Graphical Representation of Data
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 04 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 05 Field Surveys
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 06 Spatial Information Technology
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology
Practical Work in Geography Part II Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary

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