NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

Read and download NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities in NCERT book for Class 12 Geography. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Geography textbook for Class 12 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Geography to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

Class 12 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT Book Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 7 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities NCERT Book Class 12

 

Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

When you fall ill you go to your family doctor or you call a doctor. Sometimes your parents take you to a hospital for treatment. While in school, you are taught by your teachers. In the event of any dispute, legal opinion is obtained from a lawyer. Likewise, there are many professionals who provide their services against payment of their fee. Thus, all types of services are special skills provided in exchange of payments. Health, education, law, governance and recreation etc. require professional skills. These services require other theoretical knowledge and practical training. Tertiary activities are related to the service sector. Manpower is an important component of the service sector as most of the tertiary activities are performed by skilled labour, professionally trained experts and consultants.

In the initial stages of economic development, larger proportion of people worked in the primary sector. In a developed  economy, the majority of workers getemployment in tertiary activity and a moderate proportion is employed in the secondary sector. Tertiary activities include both production and exchange. The production involves the ‘provision’ of services that are ‘consumed’. The output is indirectly measured in terms of wages and salaries. Exchange, involves trade, transport and communication facilities that are used to overcome distance. Tertiary activities, therefore, involve the commercial output of services rather than the production of tangible goods. They are not directly involved in the processing of physical raw materials. Common examples are the work of a plumber, electrician, technician, launderer, barber, shopkeeper, driver, cashier, teacher, doctor, lawyer and publisher etc. The main difference between secondary activities and tertiary activities is that the expertise provided by services relies more heavily on specialised skills, experience and knowledge of the workers rather than on the production techniques, machinery and factory processes.

TYPES OF TERTIARY ACTIVITIES

By now you know that you purchase your books, stationery from traders shop, travel by bus or rail, send letters, talk on telephone and obtain services of teachers for studies and doctors at the time of illness. Thus, trade, transport, communication and services are some of the tertiary activities discussed in this section. The chart provides the basis for classifying the tertiary activities.

TRADE AND COMMERCE

Trade is essentially buying and selling of items produced elsewhere. All the services in retail and wholesale trading or commerce are specifically intended for profit. All this work takes place in towns and cities also known as trading centres.

The rise of trading from barter at the local level to money-exchange of international scale has produced many centres and institutions such as trading centres or collection and distribution points. Trading centres may be divided into rural and urban marketing centres.

Rural marketing centres cater to nearby settlements. These are quasi-urban centres. They serve as trading centres of the most rudimentary type. Here personal and professional services are not well-developed. These form local collecting and distributing centres. Most of these have mandis (wholesale markets) and also retailing areas. They are not urban centres per se but are significant centres for making available goods and services which are most frequently demanded by rural folk.

RETAIL TRADING SERVICES

This is the business activity concerned with the sale of goods directly to the consumers. Most of the retail trading take place in fixed establishments or stores solely devoted to selling. Street peddling, handcarts, trucks, door-to-door, mail-order, telephone, automatic vending machines and internet are examples of non-store retail selling.

EXERCISES

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

    (i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?

           (a) Farming                    (c) Weaving

           (b) Trading                     (d) Hunting

    (ii) Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?

           (a) Iron Smelting             (c) Making garments

           (b) Catching fish             (d) Basket Weaving

    (iii) Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.

           (a) Primary                    (c) Secondary

           (b) Quaternary               (d) Service

    (iv) Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:

           (a) Secondary activities        (c) Quinary activities

           (b) Quaternary activities        (d) Primary activities

    (v) Which one of the following activities is related to quaternary sector?

          (a) Manufacturing computers                  (c) University teaching

          (b) Paper and Raw pulp production          (d) Printing books

    (vi) Which one out of the following statements is not true?

          (a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.

          (b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.

          (c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.

          (d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

    (i) Explain retail trading service.

    (ii) Describe quaternary services.

    (iii) Name the fast emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.

    (iv) What is digital divide?

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words.

    (i) Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.

    (ii) Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix I
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix I
Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix II
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix II
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 01 Human Geography Nature and Scope
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Geography Nature and Scope
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 02 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 03 Population Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 04 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 05 Primary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Primary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 06 Secondary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 07 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 08 Transport and Communication
NCERT Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 09 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
Fundamentals of Human Geography Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
India People and Economy Appendices
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendices
India People and Economy Chapter 01 Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
India People and Economy Chapter 02 Migration Types Causes and Consequences
NCERT Class 12 Geography Migration Types Causes and Consequences
India People and Economy Chapter 03 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
India People and Economy Chapter 04 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
India People and Economy Chapter 05 Land Resources and Agriculture
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture
India People and Economy Chapter 06 Water Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 07 Mineral and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 08 Manufacturing Industries
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries
India People and Economy Chapter 09 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
India People and Economy Chapter 11 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
India People and Economy Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
NCERT Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
India People and Economy Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
Practical Work in Geography Part II Annexure
NCERT Class 12 Geography Annexure
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 01 Data Its Sources and Compilation
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Its Sources and Compilation
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 02 Data Processing
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 03 Graphical Representation of Data
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 04 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 05 Field Surveys
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 06 Spatial Information Technology
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology
Practical Work in Geography Part II Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary

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